Ch 3 Social Transitions
teenager
"________" is a term popularized about 75 years ago to refer to young people
cohort
A ______ is a group of peers of approximately the same age who move through a series of status transitions together.
status offense
A ________ _________ refers to a behavior that is problematic because of the young person's status as a juvenile
one in which hunting is the chief work activity
In which of the following societies would there be high continuity in the transition from adolescence to adulthood?
quinceanera
Jasmine is a Mexican-American teenager. Tomorrow, she will be celebrating her ______, an elaborate celebration for adolescent girls that is practiced in many Latino communities.
youth
Keniston (1970) argured that _________ is a separate stage in the life cycle, similar to the concept of emerging adulthood
emerging adulthood
Malcolm, age 24, is currently exploring possible identities in work, romance, and politics. He is a college graduate but has had four jobs in the past two years. He has dated several women, with none of his relationships lasting more than five or six months. He is currently living at home to get on his feet and save money. Malcolm is demonstrating characteristics of ______.
inventionists
Professor Noris believes that adolescence, as a period in the life cycle, is mainly a social invention. Professor Noris's beliefs are consistent with the ________ perspective.
very few cultures
Research indicates that emerging adulthood exists in _______
less likely than adults to understand their rights
Research indicates that juveniles are ______.
a series of events
Social redefinition during adolescence is ______.
parents
Social redefinition usually entails the real or symbolic separation of young persons from their ______.
different
The juvenile justice system and the criminal justice system operate under __________ rules and principles
see themselves, relate to others, and develop psychologically
The lengthening of adolescence as a developmental period has had important implications for how young people do which of the following?
protectionists
child ________ were individuals who argued, early in the 20th century, that adolescents need to be kept out fo the labor force in order to protect them from ht hazards of the workplace
1/5
in any given year, about ______of people between the ages of 18-25 suffer from some sort of mental illness.
economic
it is possible that _______ forces have delayed the transition into social adulthood but have not affected the transition into psychological adulthood.
is a human rights issue
many international groups have argued that female circumcision _______
menstruation and marriage
of all the possible markers of the beginning and end of adolescence, ______ and _______ are probably the best ones to use in order to see if adolescence has actually gotten longer
social redefinition
recognition that an individual's status has changed from child to adult is an example of ______.
Statutory rape
sex between two individuals, even when it is consensual, when at least one of the persons is below the legal age of consent is known as _________ __________
youth; adolescent
the term __________ was used long before the word ___________
emerging adulthood
the transition to adulthood has become so delayed in many industrialized societies that some have argued that there is a new stage in life known as
youth
A term whose acceptance grew as a result of social change is "_______"
informal education in context; formal education in schools
According to Margaret Mead, in hunting, fishing, and farming societies, the emphasis is on ______ rather than ______.
the way that the adolescence is defined
According to inventionsts, problems like delinquency in contemporary society are the result of ________
social concotion
According to the inventions its, adolescence, as a period of the life cycle, is mainly a
In the industrial revolution
According to the inventionsists view, when did adolescence as we know it today begin?
The way that young people like Ali are treated by society
Ali is a 15-year-old who has been involved in underage drinking and destruction of property. Which of the following would an inventionist cite as the most influential cause of these delinquent behaviors?
in school and with peers
Among middle-class families in the Industrial Revolution, adolescents spent a great deal of time __________
Asian and Hispanic
Among which of the following groups is living with one's parents in late adolescence and early adulthood most likely to foster positive feelings and close family relationships?
Initiation
An ___________ceremony is a formal induction of a young person into adulthood
scarification
An initiation ceremony in which scars are placed on the young person's body is referred to as
the late nineteenth century
Around what time did adolescence come to be viewed as a lengthy period of preparation for adulthood?
youth movement
During the 1960s, many adults referred to the changes they saw in attitudes and values among college students as the ______ movement
learned work skills from their fathers
During the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, boys often ______.
emerging adult
Emilio is 23 years old. In industrialized societies, Emilio would be categorized as an
beginning with a biological indicator and ending with a social one
Experts regarding adolescence tend to thing of it as
Hazelwood vs. Kuhmeier
In which of the following court cases did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that a public high school can censor articles written by students for the school newspaper?
Board fo education vs Mergens
In which of the following court cases did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that students who wanted to form a Bible study group had the right to meet on campus because high school students are mature enough to understand that a school can permit the expression of ideas that it does not necessarily endorse?
more abrupt than the transition into work roles
For young people today, the transition into adult family roles, such as becoming a mother or father, is ______.
discontinuous
Hailey, age 23, just finished college. Because her parents were financially well-off, she never worked during high school or college. She recently landed her first job in marketing. Hailey's development can best be described as _____.
biology; culture
Today, experts define adolescence as beginning in _____ and ending in _______
The length of the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood is increasing; as success in the labor force comes to be more dependent on formal education, the division between the "haves" and "have nots" will grow
Identify two specific societal trends that are reshaping the nature of the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
over 80%
In a national study of mental health during emerging adulthood, ______% of the sample showed great stability in their well-being over the period.
work, romance, and citizenship
In a national study of mental health during emerging adulthood, experiences in which of the following domains were closely linked to changes in well being?
a formal initiation ceremony
In many Native American groups, such as the Navajo or Apache, it is only after ______ that adolescents are granted adult status.
highly sex-differentiated
In many non-Western societies, adolescence is ______.
Social indicators
In modern societies, attaining the age of legal majority, starting a full-time job, or moving out of one's parents' house are ________ that are used to draw the line between adolescence and adulthood
psychosocial maturity
In modern societies, such as in the United States, parents of young people emphasize ______ as the defining feature of reaching adulthood.
cohort
In social science research, Eugene and his 11th-grade classmates represent a(n) ______.
puberty
In societies that have formal rites of passage, __________ has long been used to indicate when people are no longer children
body piercing, shaving, tattoos, putting on makeup
In some cultures, adolescents undergo scarification during the process of social redefinition. A related practice in Western nations, such as the United States, is ______.
only a small percentage of
In the United States, ______ contemporary youths regard being married as a necessary characteristic for adulthood.
15-16
In the United States, the process of social redefinition typically begins at what age?
The age at which individuals may marry without parental permission
In the United States, which of the following is dictated by the age of majority?
mid-1800s
In the ______, young adolescents commonly worked as apprentices, learning skills and trades.
whether they owned property
In the agricultural world of the sixteenth or seventeenth century, the min distinction between children and adults was based on ________
5
In the middle of the nineteenth century, adolescence lasted about _____ years
clear
In traditional cultures, social redefinition during adolescence is very
a formal initiation ceremony
In traditional cultures, the passage from childhood into adolescence is marked by ______.
Special types of clothing, surgical operations, scarification
In traditional societies—in contrast to contemporary societies—which of the following are commonly used to help members of the community distinguish between initiated and uninitiated young people?
twice
Most studies show that the suicide rate among young adults is ______ what it is among teenagers.
juvenile justice system
Nolan, age 13, was arrested for shoplifting. Nolan's crime will be adjudicated in the ______.
make independent decisions about matters such as abortion
One issue that continues to face contemporary society is whether sexually active individuals who are not yet legal adults should be able to_________
discontinuous
Passage into adult citizenship and decision-making roles is highly _______ in contemporary Western society
baby boom generation
Tom's father, William, was a teenager in the early 1960s. William is a member of the ______.
True
True or false: During late childhood, children in some societies are expected to start sleeping in households other than their own.
false
True or false: It is easier to determine who is a juvenile and who is an adult based on physical appearance in contemporary societies than in traditional societies.
True
T or F: According to the inventionists, adolescence is defined primarily by the ways in which society recognizes (or does not recognize) the period as distinct from childhood or adulthood
True
T or F: During the Industrial Revolution, adolescents were among those most dramatically affected by changes in work, education, and family life
Judaism
The Bar or Bat/Bas Mitzvah is a religious ceremony in ______ that marks the young person's transition to adulthood.
marry
The age at which people ________ is even more reliably documented than the age of menarche
Majority at which an individual is recognized
The age of ______ is the designated age at which an individual is recognized
is not apparent in all cultures
The existence of emerging adulthood _________
continuity
The extent to which the adolescent's transition into adulthood is gradual or abrupt is known as ______.
redefinition
The process through which an individual's position or status is modified by society is called social ______.
teenager; adolescent
The term _________ suggests a more frivolous and lighthearted image than the term __________
status offense
Theo, age 17, was recently arrested at an underage drinking party. Underage drinking is considered a(n) ______.
just as disorderly and prolonged as it was in the nineteenth century
Today's transition to adulthood is best described as ______.
the middle class
Today's view of adolescence started among
baby boomer
Today's young people are often compared to the __________ _____________ generation, who were adolescents in the late 1950s and 1960s and have provided the basis for many of the images of modern family life.
youth
Today, "_________" is a term used to refer to an individual aged 18 to 22, though it once referred to an individual aged 12-24
Bar Mitzvah
Which ceremony is common for Jewish males?
child protectionists
Which group of individuals helped most to inspire organizations like the Boy Scouts and other adult-supervised youth clubs in the early twentieth century?
Adolescents can get a drives license at age 16 but cannot drink legally until they are 21
Which of the following examples illustrates why social redefinition in contemporary society does not give adolescents any clear indication of when their responsibilities and privileges as an adult begin?
participation in the workforce now requires extended formal education
Which of the following explains why globalization has lengthened the transition from adolescence to adulthood?
increased costs of housing and transportation, increased college attendance
Which of the following explains why more young adults are living at home with their parents than at any other time in the past century?
working at unpaid internships
Which of the following features of modern adolescence is most similar to adolescence in previous eras?
whether there is a distinct psychological state fo emerging adulthood
Which of the following has research failed to establish?
globalization and modernization
Which of the following have made the transition from adolescence to adulthood longer and increasingly more discontinuous all over the world?
instability in working living arrangements
Which of the following is a main feature of emerging adulthood
Girls' behavior is more subject to the control of adults than boy's behavior
Which of the following is an example of the differential treatment of adolescent boys and girls in non-Western cultures?
health reasons and religious reasons
Which of the following is true of male circumcision in the United States?
Is the juvenile competent to stand trial?
Which of the following must be answered in cases where a juvenile might be tried as an adult?
a cohort bonding experience
Which of the following phenomena does a quinceañera represent?
The need for extended formal education has increased
Which of the following phenomena had contributed to the lengthening of adolescence?
By 2010, it took 15 years for the average girl to go from menarche to marriage
Which of the following statements about historic trends in adolescence is true?
getting married, moving out of parent's home, completing ones education
Which of the following was considered a marker of adulthood for the baby boom generation?
circumcision
____________ is a procedure in which some part of the genitals is cut and permanently altered.
