CH 34

What is the function of T-helper (TH) cells?

To interact will B cells to produce antibody

An individual with AB blood type can receive blood from which of the following donors?

Type A,B, or O

Allergies are an example of a ______________ hypersensitivity reaction.

Type I

The formation of immune complexes and inflammatory responses occurs in which of the following hypersensitivity responses?

Type III

Tuberculin hypersensitivity and contact dermatitis are examples of a

Type IV hypersensitivity

Foreign antigens presented on class I MHC molecules

stimulate cell destruction by activated T-cells

Which of the following events can cause a tissue rejection reaction following transplantation?

Host T-cells recognize graft class II MHC molecules as foreign

Activation of B cells occurs by which of the following mechanisms?

All of the above

The function of the specific immune system in vertebrates is

All of the above

naturally acquired passive immunity

All of the above

The ability of an antibody to bind antigen at all antigen-binding sites is known as

Antibody avidity

The clearing of antigen-antibody complexes is aided by

Antibody class switching

Self and non-self substances that elicit an immune response are called

Antigens

Which type of immunity is the result of a person developing his or her own immune response to a microbe introduced through vaccination?

Artificially acquired active immunity

Which type of immunity is the result of one person receiving preformed immunity made by another person through a medical procedure such as a bone marrow transplant?

Artificially acquired passive immunity

The presence of serum antibodies that react with self antigens is called

Autoimmunity

T cells produce and secrete factors which do not directly interact with invading microorganisms but which augment the body's defense mechanisms. These molecules are called

cytokines

The cross-linking and aggregation of cells in response to antibody binding is called

Agglutination

Cytotoxic T cells destroy pathogens by which of the following mechanisms

ALL

The tremendous diversity in antigens is related to

ALL

The body's ability to produce T cells and antibodies against non-self antigens is called

Acquired immune tolerance

Which of the following cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules functions as a T-cell antigen receptor?

CD3

Where do T cells originate?

CD34+ stem cells in the bone marrow

The action of specific kinds of T lymphocytes that directly attack foreign or abnormal cells is called

Cellular immunity

Which portion of the antibody binds with the host cell receptor?

Crystallizable fragment (Fc)

In endogenous antigen processing, foreign antigen is presented to which type of cells?

Cytotoxic T cells

Regions or sites of the antigen that bind a specific antibody or T-cell receptor are called

Epitopes

Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of an antibody?

Glycoproteins

Which of the following is an example of an immunodeficiency?

HIV infection

Penicillin only becomes antigenic when it is complexed with serum proteins; therefore, penicillin is an example of a(n)

Hapten

The action of antibodies on the surface of B cells is called

Humoral immunity

Which of the following is true of the specific immune response?

Immune cells recognize and respond specifically to trillions of foreign substances

Which immunoglobin is most abundant in mucus secretions?

Immunoglobin A

Which immunoglobins are associated with allergic and hypersensitivity responses?

Immunoglobin E

Which of the following is true of the type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Immunoglobin E sensitizes mast cells

The major immunoglobin in human serum is

Immunoglobin G

Which of the following statements is true of the secondary antibody response?

Immunoglobin G concentration increases steeply and rapidly

Which immunoglobin exists in a pentameric or hexameric form and acts to agglutinate bacteria?

Immunoglobin M

Which of the following is true of the type IV hypersensitivity response?

Involves delayed, cell-mediated immune reactions

What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)?

Kills cells expressing foreign specific antigen on class I MHC

Hay fever is an example of

Localized anaphylaxis

Antigen is first detectable during which of the following phases of the antibody response?

Log phase in the primary response

The collection of genes that code for self vs. non-self recognition in vertebrates is called the

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Which of the following is true regarding T cells?

Maturation occurs in the thymus

Which immunological method takes advantage of the tenets of clonal selection?

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production

Which type of immunity is the result of receiving preformed immunity made by another person; for example, transfer via breastfeeding?

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Which of the following mechanisms prevents pathogenic cells from binding to host cells and tissues?

Neutralization

Antibodies counteract pathogenic cells through which of the following mechanisms?

None of the above

Which of the following is true of T cell activation

Only requires interaction between MHC molecule of an antigen presenting cell (APC) with the appropriate T cell receptor B) Only requires the binding of the B7 protein on the antigen presenting cell (APC) with the appropriate T cell receptor *Requires both A and B

The coating of microorganisms with antibody in order to prepare them for recognition and ingestion by phagocytic cells is called

Opsonization

Which of the following statements is true regarding class I MHC molecules?

They are important to MHC typing for organ transplantation

Which of the following is true of B cells?

They secrete antibodies

Which of the following is true of the type II hypersensitivity response?

Results in the damage of host tissues

Which of the following is true of clonal selection of lymphocytes?

Self-reactive lymphocytes are eliminated at an early stage of development

Which of the following molecules is classified as a superantigen?

Staphylococcal enterotoxins

Proteins that induce extensive T cell activation when no specific antigen has triggered them are called

Superantigens

Which of the following is true regarding immunoglobin binding to pathogenic cells?

The antibody must bind the antigen exactly with a lock-and-key fit

Which type of immunity is the result of an individual developing his or her own immune response to a microbial infection?

Which type of immunity is the result of an individual developing his or her own immune response to a microbial infection?

Which of the following best describes the shape of an antibody?

Y-shaped

Clusters of differentiation (CD) molecules are

all

Which of the following statements is true regarding exogenous antigen processing?

all

A vaccination is a good example of

artificially acquired active immunity

Superantigens

bind without antigen specificity to the outer portion of T helper cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs)

Antigens are made up of

many antigenic determinants (epitopes).

The transfer of antibodies in breast milk is a good example of

naturally acquired passive immunity

An individual antibody is made against

one epitope on the cell

ytotoxic T cells produce

perforin, which makes holes in cell membrane of infected cells

The ability to recognize a specific antigen and remember it in the future is a characteristic of

the adaptive immune response

Cytotoxic T cells recognize

viral antigens and class I MHC

cterial Cells have many different epitopes

which each bind to specific antibodies