CH 34
What is the function of T-helper (TH) cells?
To interact will B cells to produce antibody
An individual with AB blood type can receive blood from which of the following donors?
Type A,B, or O
Allergies are an example of a ______________ hypersensitivity reaction.
Type I
The formation of immune complexes and inflammatory responses occurs in which of the following hypersensitivity responses?
Type III
Tuberculin hypersensitivity and contact dermatitis are examples of a
Type IV hypersensitivity
Foreign antigens presented on class I MHC molecules
stimulate cell destruction by activated T-cells
Which of the following events can cause a tissue rejection reaction following transplantation?
Host T-cells recognize graft class II MHC molecules as foreign
Activation of B cells occurs by which of the following mechanisms?
All of the above
The function of the specific immune system in vertebrates is
All of the above
naturally acquired passive immunity
All of the above
The ability of an antibody to bind antigen at all antigen-binding sites is known as
Antibody avidity
The clearing of antigen-antibody complexes is aided by
Antibody class switching
Self and non-self substances that elicit an immune response are called
Antigens
Which type of immunity is the result of a person developing his or her own immune response to a microbe introduced through vaccination?
Artificially acquired active immunity
Which type of immunity is the result of one person receiving preformed immunity made by another person through a medical procedure such as a bone marrow transplant?
Artificially acquired passive immunity
The presence of serum antibodies that react with self antigens is called
Autoimmunity
T cells produce and secrete factors which do not directly interact with invading microorganisms but which augment the body's defense mechanisms. These molecules are called
cytokines
The cross-linking and aggregation of cells in response to antibody binding is called
Agglutination
Cytotoxic T cells destroy pathogens by which of the following mechanisms
ALL
The tremendous diversity in antigens is related to
ALL
The body's ability to produce T cells and antibodies against non-self antigens is called
Acquired immune tolerance
Which of the following cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules functions as a T-cell antigen receptor?
CD3
Where do T cells originate?
CD34+ stem cells in the bone marrow
The action of specific kinds of T lymphocytes that directly attack foreign or abnormal cells is called
Cellular immunity
Which portion of the antibody binds with the host cell receptor?
Crystallizable fragment (Fc)
In endogenous antigen processing, foreign antigen is presented to which type of cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
Regions or sites of the antigen that bind a specific antibody or T-cell receptor are called
Epitopes
Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of an antibody?
Glycoproteins
Which of the following is an example of an immunodeficiency?
HIV infection
Penicillin only becomes antigenic when it is complexed with serum proteins; therefore, penicillin is an example of a(n)
Hapten
The action of antibodies on the surface of B cells is called
Humoral immunity
Which of the following is true of the specific immune response?
Immune cells recognize and respond specifically to trillions of foreign substances
Which immunoglobin is most abundant in mucus secretions?
Immunoglobin A
Which immunoglobins are associated with allergic and hypersensitivity responses?
Immunoglobin E
Which of the following is true of the type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Immunoglobin E sensitizes mast cells
The major immunoglobin in human serum is
Immunoglobin G
Which of the following statements is true of the secondary antibody response?
Immunoglobin G concentration increases steeply and rapidly
Which immunoglobin exists in a pentameric or hexameric form and acts to agglutinate bacteria?
Immunoglobin M
Which of the following is true of the type IV hypersensitivity response?
Involves delayed, cell-mediated immune reactions
What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)?
Kills cells expressing foreign specific antigen on class I MHC
Hay fever is an example of
Localized anaphylaxis
Antigen is first detectable during which of the following phases of the antibody response?
Log phase in the primary response
The collection of genes that code for self vs. non-self recognition in vertebrates is called the
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Which of the following is true regarding T cells?
Maturation occurs in the thymus
Which immunological method takes advantage of the tenets of clonal selection?
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production
Which type of immunity is the result of receiving preformed immunity made by another person; for example, transfer via breastfeeding?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Which of the following mechanisms prevents pathogenic cells from binding to host cells and tissues?
Neutralization
Antibodies counteract pathogenic cells through which of the following mechanisms?
None of the above
Which of the following is true of T cell activation
Only requires interaction between MHC molecule of an antigen presenting cell (APC) with the appropriate T cell receptor B) Only requires the binding of the B7 protein on the antigen presenting cell (APC) with the appropriate T cell receptor *Requires both A and B
The coating of microorganisms with antibody in order to prepare them for recognition and ingestion by phagocytic cells is called
Opsonization
Which of the following statements is true regarding class I MHC molecules?
They are important to MHC typing for organ transplantation
Which of the following is true of B cells?
They secrete antibodies
Which of the following is true of the type II hypersensitivity response?
Results in the damage of host tissues
Which of the following is true of clonal selection of lymphocytes?
Self-reactive lymphocytes are eliminated at an early stage of development
Which of the following molecules is classified as a superantigen?
Staphylococcal enterotoxins
Proteins that induce extensive T cell activation when no specific antigen has triggered them are called
Superantigens
Which of the following is true regarding immunoglobin binding to pathogenic cells?
The antibody must bind the antigen exactly with a lock-and-key fit
Which type of immunity is the result of an individual developing his or her own immune response to a microbial infection?
Which type of immunity is the result of an individual developing his or her own immune response to a microbial infection?
Which of the following best describes the shape of an antibody?
Y-shaped
Clusters of differentiation (CD) molecules are
all
Which of the following statements is true regarding exogenous antigen processing?
all
A vaccination is a good example of
artificially acquired active immunity
Superantigens
bind without antigen specificity to the outer portion of T helper cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs)
Antigens are made up of
many antigenic determinants (epitopes).
The transfer of antibodies in breast milk is a good example of
naturally acquired passive immunity
An individual antibody is made against
one epitope on the cell
ytotoxic T cells produce
perforin, which makes holes in cell membrane of infected cells
The ability to recognize a specific antigen and remember it in the future is a characteristic of
the adaptive immune response
Cytotoxic T cells recognize
viral antigens and class I MHC
cterial Cells have many different epitopes
which each bind to specific antibodies