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Which disease or illness would you suspect when confronted with a pediatric patient exhibiting an acute onset of respiratory distress and an audible inspiratory stridor​ sound, but no​ cough?

Epiglottitis

A​ 3-year-old female has been accidentally struck in the chest with a baseball bat during a domestic altercation. Assessment indicates redness to the right lateral chest with no​ deformity, crepitus, or broken skin. Vital signs are​ pulse, 124​ beats/min; respirations, 22​ breaths/min; blood​ pressure, 108/62​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 99% on room air. Given these assessment​ findings, what would your best action​ be?

Treat the child for suspected internal chest injury

You are assessing a​ 12-year-old female in respiratory distress and with a history of asthma. Which​ statement, made by her​ mother, would be most​ concerning?

​"Two years ago she needed to have a breathing tube inserted into her​ throat."

While attempting resuscitation of a baby with possible​ SIDS, which question would be appropriate for the EMT to ask the​ mother?

​"Were there any problems with the pregnancy or his​ birth?"

Which statement made by the EMT is most appropriate regarding dealing with caregivers and children during a medical​ emergency?

​"I try to include the caregiver in all that I do with his or her child so that the child and caregiver are more​ comfortable."

A​ 5-year-old male is drooling with stridorous respirations and has a fever of 104degreesF. Which statement made by the patient would concern the EMT​ most?

​"It hurts to​ swallow."

A​ 5-year-old boy who is drooling has suspected epiglottitis. His pulse rate is 144​ beats/min, respirations are 46​ breaths/min, and blood pressure is​ 110/52 mmHg. The patient is noncompliant with the pulse​ oximeter, but his skin is normal colored. Which statement made by the EMT indicates proper care of this​ patient?

​"Let's give him some supplemental​ oxygen."

While performing the reassessment of a​ 2-year-old male who is severely​ dyspneic, you note that he is now unresponsive and not breathing. He has a heart rate of 32 beats per minute and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. Which instruction would you provide to another EMT who is helping you transport the​ patient?

​"Let's start chest compressions and positive pressure​ ventilations."

A​ 14-year-old female with a history of congenital heart disease and evidence of reaching puberty is in cardiac arrest. Which instruction would you give other EMTs on​ scene?

​"Let's use the adult pads and adult settings for the​ AED."

You are determining the PGCS score for a​ 28-month-old female who was stung by a bee while playing in the backyard. You note that the patient is alert. When​ asked, she tells you that she was stung on the bottom of her foot. At this point in time her GCS score would​ be:

15

You are treating a​ 6-month-old patient who was accidentally dropped down a flight of​ steps, when her mother stumbled at the top of the stairway. The infant will only open her eyes and moan to deep painful​ stimuli, and tries to withdraw from the pain. Given these​ findings, you calculate her Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale score to​ be:

8

What would be the calculated minimally acceptable systolic blood pressure for a​ 9-year-old girl who has a significant bleed following an injury involving broken​ glass?

88 mmHg

A​ 1-year-old male is in respiratory distress and wheezing. His pulse is 156​ beats/min, respirations are 32​ breaths/min, and SpO2 is​ 95% on 4 lpm of​ blow-by oxygen provided by​ on-scene EMRs. His mother denies a medical history for the​ patient, but states that she has asthma and uses an albuterol inhaler. Given this​ information, what would be appropriate in the care of this​ child?

Add humidification to the oxygen

When providing care to the pediatric patient who has been injured or​ ill, the most important aspect of care normally revolves​ around:

Airway and respiratory support

A​ 2-month-old presents with labored​ breathing, fever, and coughing. Auscultation of the lungs reveals significant wheezing bilaterally. Based on this​ presentation, an EMT would recognize that the patient most likely​ has:

Bronchiolitis

The increased pliability of the​ child's ribs makes him more prone​ to:

Bruising or other injury to the lungs

Pediatric injury prevention programs are an important aspect of child health care​ because:

Children inherently lack mature​ decision-making skills

Assessment of an alert and oriented​ 9-year-old child with a history of asthma reveals him to be breathing 20 times per minute with adequate chest rise and fall. You also note that he exhibits nasal flaring and has slight retractions of the intercostal muscles. His heart rate is 100 beats per minute and his blood pressure is​ 102/64 mmHg. On room​ air, he has a pulse oximeter reading of​ 98%. The EMT would​ recognize:

Compensated respiratory distress

After you obtain a refusal at a residence in a​ neighborhood, a couple approaches the ambulance and inform you that they have concerns that a​ 6-year-old child who lives in a home two doors away may be physically abused. They state that they heard the child crying and what sounded like physical abuse occurring. In this​ situation, you​ would:

Contact the police and wait in the ambulance until they arrive

The EMT is properly assessing the breathing of a​ 3-year-old when​ he:

Counts the respiratory rate for 30 seconds and multiplies by 2

You are by the side of a​ 2-year-old male whose mother states he has a cough that has slowly worsened over the past three days. The​ patient's airway is patent and respirations labored. Intercostal retractions are accompanied by stridorous respirations. His skin is very warm to the touch. Vital signs are as​ follows: pulse, 152​ beats/min; respirations, 28​ breaths/min; SpO2,​ 97%; and​ temperature, 100.3degreesF. Breath sounds are clear and equal. Based on this​ presentation, you would suspect and treat the patient​ for:

Croup

You are treating a​ 9-year-old male who is short of breath and has a history of asthma. At the​ scene, he presents in severe respiratory​ distress, with intercostal​ retractions, lethargy, and expiratory wheezing. His pulse is 136​ beats/min, respirations are 32​ breaths/min, and SpO2 is​ 95%. You have assisted the patient with his albuterol MDI and are transporting him emergently to the hospital. As you reassess the​ patient, which finding is most​ concerning?

Heart rate of 68​ beats/min

A concerned parent asks you which vaccine will decrease the risk of her child getting epiglottitis. Which vaccine would you tell​ her?

Hib vaccine

Which statement regarding pediatric injury prevention is most​ accurate?

Injury prevention and accident prevention are not the same

The EMT is correctly assessing a​ child's BRUE when​ he:

Obtains a thorough history

You have arrived at a residence to find a​ 6-month-old girl in her crib in cardiac arrest. Quick assessment reveals no rigor mortis or lividity. The mother states that she put the baby to bed at 9 p.m. last night and awoke at 3 a.m. to find her in her present state. What would your first action​ be?

Open the airway and provide 2 ventilations

You are securing a​ 4-year-old-boy on a long spine board during a spine motion restriction process. Which action would be appropriate when performing this​ intervention?

Place padding between his​ shoulders/back and the spine board

A​ 7-year-old with a fever of 101.3degreesF and shortness of breath has a patent​ airway, but tachypneic respirations. His heart rate is 132​ beats/min, respirations are 28​ breaths/min, and blood pressure is​ 94/60 mmHg, with an SpO2 of​ 96% on room air. Crackles and wheezes are noted in the base of the right lung only. Given this​ presentation, you would suspect and treat the patient​ for:

Pneumonia

An​ 8-year-old boy is unresponsive following the accidental ingestion of his​ father's high blood pressure medications. His airway is open and his breathing is labored and inadequate. The pulse rate is 48 beats per minute and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. Your partner states that the​ patient's lungs have crackles in them and the blood pressure is​ 60/40 mmHg. Which intervention represents the most important care that you will provide to the patient​ next?

Positive pressure ventilation

A mother asks you what causes her son to get bronchiolitis. You would inform her that this infection is caused​ by:

Respiratory syncytial virus

You are transporting a critically ill​ 4-year-old patient. Regarding the panicked and upset​ mother, you​ would:

Secure the mother in the​ "captain's chair" of the​ ambulance, behind the​ patient, during transport to the hospital

You have been called to a preschool for a seizing child. On​ arrival, staff directs you to a bed in which a​ 4-year-old boy is lying. Staff state that the child began making​ "funny" noises in his​ sleep, then began to seize for approximately 60 seconds. Your assessment indicates that the boy is responsive to painful stimuli and is​ breathing, but has gurgling sounds coming from the upper airway. His radial pulse is rapid and​ strong, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. What is your immediate action in caring for this​ child?

Suction the airway

When you form an initial impression for a pediatric patient based on​ consciousness, breathing, and​ color, you are​ following:

The Pediatric Advanced Life Support​ (PALS) method

You are assessing a​ 9-month-old boy who has had a fever for the past two days. What would be a likely finding if the fever has caused​ dehydration?

The mother informs you that the baby is wetting very few diapers daily

You note a​ 5-year-old patient seizing as you approach him. Which observation or piece of information would be most​ alarming?

The patient has been seizing for 12 minutes

Which assessment findings related to the mental status of a​ 1-year-old would the EMT consider​ normal?

The patient is curious about your penlight

You have been called to care for a​ 21-month-old female who has been bitten by a dog. Given the​ patient's age, you would appropriately classify the patient as​ a(n):

Toddler

When involved with a pediatric​ patient, the EMT recognizes that patient assessment begins​ when:

You first lay eyes on the patient

Pediatric patients are patients who range in age​ from:

birth to 18 years

You have been called to a local daycare facility for a sick child. At the​ scene, panicked daycare workers inform you that the​ 4-year-old child was lethargic all morning and wanted to sleep. After resting for several​ minutes, she began to​ "shake all​ over." This lasted for approximately 30 seconds. Your assessment reveals the patient to be responsive to painful stimuli and breathing adequately. Her airway is open and her radial pulse is strong and bounding. Her skin is hot and moist to the​ touch, with no signs of cyanosis. You are told that the patient has no medical history. En route to the​ hospital, the​ patient's mental status improves. Based on this presentation and​ information, you assume that the seizure occurred secondary​ to:

fever

An​ 8-year-old child was chasing his dog when the boy ran out into the street and was struck by a car. He is responsive to verbal stimuli and has an unstable pelvis and a bruise to the side of his face. His airway is open and his breathing is rapid and shallow. His radial pulse is rapid and weak and his skin is​ cool, moist, and diaphoretic. The patient also has abrasions to his back after being thrown by the car onto the pavement. Based on these assessment​ findings, the EMT would treat the patient for which​ life-threatening condition?

shock

Which instructions would you provide to a new EMT who is preparing to assess a stable​ 9-month-old boy who has a​ rash?

​"Allow the mother hold him as you do the​ assessment."

The mother of a​ 3-year-old boy has called 911 because her son has a​ low-grade fever and difficulty breathing. On​ scene, the mother tells you that she is a licensed practical nurse​ (LPN), and that she suspects her son is suffering from croup. Which statement made by the mother would reinforce this​ suspicion?

​"At night, he seems to get a​ barking-like cough."

After a​ 29-year-old male with chest pain is removed from the house by​ stretcher, the​ man's 7-year-old son throws a temper tantrum. His mother is embarrassed and states that he has not done this since he was 2 years old. Given the​ situation, your response would​ be:

​"I would not be concerned. This is a stressful event he​ doesn't understand, and he may just be having trouble coping with​ it."

Another EMT tells you that he had a call the previous shift in which he thought a​ 5-year-old boy might be the victim of​ abuse, since he had bruises on both upper legs and chest.​ However, the EMT did not communicate this suspicion to anyone or transport the patient. What would your best response​ be?

​"If you do not take steps to report this​ suspicion, you can be punished in a court of​ law."

A​ 2-year-old patient is awake and in respiratory distress with stridorous respirations. His airway is patent and pulses rapid. Vital signs are​ pulse, 144​ beats/min; respirations, 28​ breaths/min; SpO2,​ 93% on room​ air; and​ temperature, 101degreesF. The patient has no medical​ history, although diabetes runs in the family. Appropriate care for this patient would​ include:

​Blow-by oxygen that is humidified

On the scene of a medical​ emergency, you are directed to a​ 5-month-old baby in his crib. He responds to painful stimuli by whimpering and is breathing at a rate of 50 breaths per minute. His airway is​ open, and his brachial pulse is​ fast, weak, and difficult to locate. Assessment of his skin reveals it to be cool and pale in color. According to the​ mother, her child has had vomiting and diarrhea for four days. She also reports that the father of the baby has diabetes. Based on this​ information, the EMT would recognize which​ condition?

shock

When preparing to provide positive pressure ventilation to a​ child, what will be an acceptable tidal volume if the child weighs 22​ kg?

154 mL

You have been summoned to a grocery store for a​ 6-year-old girl who has collapsed. On​ scene, you find the girl lying unresponsive on the floor. You quickly open the​ patient's airway and determine that she is not breathing. When you try to ventilate her with the​ bag-valve mask, you are unable to do so. Repositioning the head and reattempting ventilation is not successful in passing air into the lungs. What would your next action​ be?

Administer 30 chest compressions

You are transporting a very sick​ 3-year-old with suspected septic shock. His airway is​ patent, respirations​ tachypneic, and radial pulse​ weak, with skin that is hot to the touch. Vital signs are​ pulse, 152​ beats/min; respirations, 32​ breaths/min; blood​ pressure, 94/64​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 94% on a nonrebreather face mask. The patient has a rectal temperature of 103.9degreesF. Tylenol has been administered. During transport to the​ hospital, you should be most concerned with which clinical​ finding?

Blood pressure of​ 84/32 mmHg

When assessing a​ 3-year-old child for possible injuries after the child fell down a flight of​ stairs, which finding would raise the​ EMT's suspicion that the child may be a victim of physical​ abuse?

Bruises are found on his chest and abdomen

Croup is recognized as an illness that​ involves:

Edema beneath the glottis

A malnourished child would be an example​ of:

Neglect

When assessing a​ 3-year-old who is in respiratory​ distress, which assessment finding would be most​ concerning?

Retractions observed above the clavicles

You are on scene of an MVC in which a​ 3-year-old female was in a car seat in the backseat. The child appears not to be​ injured, but the mother would like her taken to the hospital for an evaluation. Since the patient will need a car seat for​ transport, which criteria would indicate that the car seat she is currently sitting in cannot be used to safely transport the​ patient?

The car seat appears to have a crack in the side when impacted by the door handle

A​ 6-month-old male was outside with his parents and was stung on the tongue after putting a bottle in his mouth that had a bee on the nipple. In comparison to the same injury in an​ adult, why would the EMT be more concerned with this​ child?

The​ child's tongue is proportionally​ larger, increasing the chance of airway occlusion from minor swelling

The EMT is correctly assessing breath sounds on a​ 3-year-old male when​ he:

Understands that sounds from the left lung can be heard on the right side of the chest

What would be the most appropriate instructions to give a new EMT with whom you are working regarding the ventilation of an unresponsive and apneic​ 3-year-old boy?

​"Deliver one breath every 3​ seconds."

At the scene of an​ MVC, you must remove an injured child from his car seat and provide full spine motion restriction precautions prior to transport to the hospital. Which statement made by the lead EMT indicates that this procedure is being performed​ correctly?

​"To get her on the long​ board, let's tilt the car seat​ backward, and carefully slide her out​ head-first."

The need for a comprehensive understanding of normal growth and​ development, which enables the EMS provider to better anticipate the physiologic and emotional needs of the child who is affected by illness or​ injury, is a principle​ of:

​Family-centered care

What would be a primary concern for an​ 11-year-old female with a prolonged asthmatic episode lasting several days and a​ low-grade temperature?

Dehydration

On scene at a school​ cafeteria, you are presented with a​ 11-year-old boy who attempted to eat a small plum whole. He is conscious with stridorous respirations and unable to cough when instructed to do so. His skin color is gray and cyanotic. What would your immediate action​ be?

Deliver five abdominal thrusts

You have been called to a​ lower-income housing complex for a​ 1½-year-old child who is short of breath and has a fever. When assessing this​ patient, which technique would be​ appropriate?

Determining the respiratory rate before laying hands on the child

When assessing a central pulse of a young​ child, the EMT would palpate​ the:

Femoral pulse

BRUE evaluations are typically performed on infants​ who:

Had a medical episode that concerned their caregiver

You have arrived on the scene to help a child who is short of breath. The mother is screaming hysterically that her​ 3-year-old boy cannot​ breathe, making assessment of the patient very difficult. Your initial action in the management of this situation would be​ to:

Have your partner talk to the mother while you assess the child

You are assessing a​ 2½-year-old female who was involved in a minor car accident. She is currently alert and oriented. While you are assessing her for possible​ injuries, which assessment procedure would be considered​ appropriate?

If​ possible, allow the child to hold a favorite toy during the assessment

You have been called for a​ 4-year-old female who is short of breath. Her mother informs you that she has had a fever and runny nose for two days and today began to have difficulty breathing.​ Furthermore, the mother is having a difficult time waking her daughter up. You find the girl lying in bed with snoring respirations despite use of the​ head-tilt, chin-lift airway maneuver. Your assessment reveals her to be responsive to painful stimuli and breathing at 12 times per minute with minimal chest and abdominal rise and fall. Her skin is warm to the touch with cyanosis around the lips. Your partner informs you that her heart rate is 124 beats per minute. What is your immediate action in caring for this​ child?

Insertion of a nasal airway

How can an EMT help prevent the stress and anxiety associated with treating critically injured​ children?

Learn and practice the skills and equipment used when treating children

A​ 15-year-old male with a history of seizures presents as oriented. He takes the anticonvulsant Keppra and has no other medical history according to his mother. The mother called EMS because the patient missed taking his medicine and she wants you to​ "check him​ out." Which action would be most appropriate for the EMT to take at this​ time?

Obtain a full set of vital signs

A frantic mother has contacted EMS because she believes that her​ 4-year-old daughter got into her blood pressure medications and ate three or four pills. The patient presents as awake and​ oriented, with pale skin that is cool and diaphoretic. Her pulse is rapid and respirations adequate. Vital signs are​ pulse, 116​ beats/min; respirations, 22​ breaths/min; blood​ pressure, 82/44​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 99%. After completing the primary​ assessment, what would your immediate action​ be?

Obtain the name and dosage of the​ medication, and then call the poison control center

You are called to a home for a​ 7-year-old female with a suspected upper respiratory infection. As you assess the​ patient, you note a bruise to her right upper arm. As you continue to assess and care for this​ child, you​ should:

Treat the respiratory infection and perform a​ head-to-toe assessment

On​ scene, a​ 6-year-old male who is short of breath will not allow EMRs to place a nonrebreather face mask on his face. Assessment indicates moderate respiratory distress with the following vital​ signs: pulse, 124​ beats/min; respirations, 24​ breaths/min; blood​ pressure, 98/56​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 92%. At this​ time, you​ try:

Using a nasal cannula with 2 lpm oxygen

The mother of a​ 4-month-old boy awoke to find him in his crib and not​ breathing, so she summoned EMS. On​ scene, you are providing resuscitative care while the parents watch your actions in disbelief. Which decision made by the EMT would be most appropriate regarding their presence in the​ room?

Allow them to observe the resuscitation if they wish

You have been called for a​ 7-year-old girl who has vomited once and complains of abdominal pain. When you are performing the secondary assessment and obtaining a medical​ history, which action by you would be considered most​ appropriate?

Allowing the child to play with the stethoscope before listening to her lungs

You are assessing a​ 6-year-old girl with possible pneumonia. She has labored breathing and a fever of 102degreesF. When you are assessing and classifying her respiratory​ status, which finding would provide the strongest evidence that she is in respiratory​ failure?

Altered mental status

You are caring for an​ 8-month-old boy who is unresponsive after choking on a piece of hard candy. As you look into his​ mouth, you can see the candy in the back of his oropharynx. What would your next action​ be?

Attempt to retrieve and remove the candy

You are transporting a child with a small laceration to his​ leg, sustained after cutting himself of a piece of broken glass. During​ transport, you observe a pulse oximeter reading of​ 87% on the​ frantic, crying, and actively moving child. The child is alert and oriented with a normal pulse and respiratory rate with pink skin that is warm to touch. You should​ consider:

Attempting to calm the child and obtain another SpO2 reading

After the unsuccessful resuscitation of a​ 3-year-old boy who was shot by his​ mother's boyfriend during a domestic​ dispute, you find yourself extremely stressed and anxious over the call. You are having trouble sleeping and the resultant anxiety is affecting your home life. What should be your initial​ action, given this​ situation?

Talk to a close friend or fellow EMS provider about your feelings

While in an apartment to provide care for a​ 52-year-old female with shortness of​ breath, you note a baby sleeping in a nearby crib. Which observation related to the baby would prompt you to intervene and speak to the​ family?

The baby is sleeping on her abdomen

Ensuring that all children and​ adolescents, no matter where they​ live, attend​ school, or​ travel, have access to and receive appropriate care in a health emergency is the purpose​ of:

The federal Emergency Medical Services for Children​ (EMSC) program

Your partner informs you that the​ 3-year-old boy you have been called to care for is breathing 26 times per minute. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you would recognize this to​ be:

A normal rate

You have been called to an apartment for a child who is sick. As you approach the​ 4-year-old boy, you note that he is sitting upright in his​ mother's arms with his chin thrust forward. He has a sickly appearance and is drooling. His airway appears open and his breathing is adequate. His radial pulse is strong and his skin is hot to the touch. Which intervention would be most appropriate in the care of this patient​ first?

Provision of supplemental oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

The mother of a​ 2-year-old has called EMS because her son has an axillary temperature of 103.2degreesF. On​ scene, your assessment reveals the boy to be confused and​ lethargic, with a rectal temperature of 104.1degreesF. When caring for this​ child, you​ would:

Remove the​ child's clothes and sponge his body with tepid water

After placing a small rock in her​ mouth, a​ 7-month-old girl begins to choke. You are on scene within minutes and find her unresponsive in her​ mother's arms. You attempt to provide ventilations with the​ bag-valve mask, but are unsuccessful after two attempts. What would your next action​ be?

Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Assessment of a​ 4-year-old reveals him to be unresponsive with no spontaneous respirations or pulse. Your immediate action would be​ to:

Start chest compressions

You suspect a very sick child to be in shock. His skin is​ dry, radial pulse​ weak, and blood pressure low. Which statement made by the parents would reinforce this​ suspicion?

​"He has had diarrhea for three​ days."

You are assessing the pupils of a​ 5-year-old who fell off a bed while playing. Which of the statement would be most appropriate prior to performing this​ assessment?

​"I am going to use this light to look into your​ eyes."

You are concerned that a sick​ 5-year-old patient with lower abdominal pain and a temperature of 100.3degreesF has appendicitis. He describes the pain as generalized and crampy. Although he complains of​ nausea, he is not vomiting. His​ pulse, respirations, blood​ pressure, and SpO2 are​ normal, and there are no immediate​ life-threatening conditions. Based on these assessment​ findings, his father informs you that he does not wish his son to be​ transported, and will call the pediatrician in the morning. How would you​ respond?

​"I have to tell​ you, if he has​ appendicitis, it will just get worse and can become a major medical emergency for​ him."

Which statement made by another EMT during a continuing education​ session, regarding treatment of the pediatric patient in the prehospital​ setting, is​ correct?

​"It is critical that the EMT be able to determine the adequacy of the airway and respiratory status of the​ patient, as these are commonly the reason for acute​ deterioration."

You have been asked to speak to a group of new mothers regarding the emergency treatment of a fever. During your​ presentation, one of the mothers asks you which temperature would cause a child to seize. Your response would​ be:

​"It is not the specific temperature that is of​ concern, but the rate at which the body temperature​ rises."

An Emergency Medical Responder asks you why you should not overextend the airway on a pediatric patient when performing a​ head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Your reply would​ be:

​"The cartilage of the trachea is very soft and can​ 'kink' if the neck is extended too​ far."

A coworker is telling you about a recent EMS call in which he provided care to a preschooler. Based on this​ description, you know that age of the patient would have​ been:

​3-5 years

An infant is short of breath and has rhonchi in both lungs. He is alert with adequate respirations at a rate of 38 breaths per minute. His skin color is pink but cool to the touch. Due to the​ patient's movement, it is difficult to get a reliable pulse oximeter reading.​ Additionally, when EMRs place a pediatric mask on his​ face, he becomes very upset and physically struggles to remove it. In this situation you​ would:

Allow the mother to hold the infant and provide​ blow-by oxygen

A​ 7-year-old child was riding his bike downhill and struck a parked car. He was thrown from the​ bike, impacting his head and back on the roadway.​ Presently, the patient is​ alert, oriented, and complaining of a severe headache. His airway is open and his breathing is adequate. A radial pulse is rapid and easily​ palpated, and his skin is cool and moist. After taking manual spine motion restriction of the head and​ neck, the EMT​ should:

Consider the need for supplemental oxygen

You are suspicious that a child is being physically abused and neglected. What would be your best course of action in such a​ situation?

Document the situation

A​ 6-year-old male has a decreased level of consciousness. His mother states that the family does not have health​ insurance, so they did not take him to the hospital last week when he started vomiting and had copious amounts of diarrhea. She reports that he has not had anything to eat or drink since then. The patient has snoring respirations that are rapid and inadequate. His radial pulse cannot be​ located, and his carotid pulse is rapid and weak. His capillary refill is 5 seconds and his skin is cool to the touch. What would your first intervention in caring for this child​ be?

Open the airway using the​ head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver

You have been called for a​ 2-year-old girl who has been sick for two days. In preparing to assess the​ patient, it is important that you recognize that patients in this age group​ generally:

Do not like having clothing removed

Which behavior would the EMT recognize as uncharacteristic of a conscious and stable​ 2-year-old boy who fell and hurt his​ hand?

Does not cry or protest when taken from his mother

You have arrived at the emergency department with a young child whom you believe is the victim of child abuse. To which person would it be best to report your​ suspicion?

Emergency physician

When evaluating capillary refill time in a pediatric​ patient, the EMT must remember​ that:

It is considered more reliable than in an adult

An extremely high fever in a​ 2-month-old infant should be considered which medical emergency until otherwise​ proven?

Meningitis

What is the best location for assessing breath sounds in the pediatric​ patient?

Midaxillary region of the lungs

You have been called for a​ 2-week-old baby who is sick. Assessment reveals him to have a fever and rhonchi that is audible with a stethoscope over the lungs. Which of the additional assessment findings would be most concerning to you given the age of this​ patient?

Nasal passages occluded by mucus

You have been called to a home by neighbors because they are concerned for the welfare of the children inside. On​ scene, you find two children left by themselves. They are playing in a filthy room with no light or heat. They are dirty and have insect bites all over their bodies. One is in a soiled diaper and has hard stool caked to the buttocks. The EMT would best recognize this situation as one​ of:

Neglect

A​ 6-year-old male is in severe respiratory distress with inspiratory stridor. He has​ pale, moist​ skin, with cyanosis noted around his mouth. The patient is very lethargic and cannot hold his head up. His mother is panicked and reports that he has a history of asthma. Breath sounds are diminished and his vital signs are​ pulse, 162​ beats/min; respirations, 40​ breaths/min; blood​ pressure, 122/66​ mmHg; and​ SpO2, 81%. What would your immediate action​ be?

Start positive pressure ventilation

You are assessing a​ 5-year-old boy who complains of arm pain after falling down three steps. As you physically assess the​ patient, he tries to bite your hands. His mother is at his side. Which statement by you is appropriate to make regarding the behavior of​ biting?

​"I know that you​ hurt, but biting is not​ okay."

As you assess a very sick​ 3-year-old patient with a​ fever, rash, and sore​ neck, you suddenly suspect he might have meningitis. Your immediate action would be​ to:

Don additional BSI precautions of a mask and gown

The EMT is correctly assessing a​ child's apical pulse when​ he:

Listens with a stethoscope to the​ child's left side of the chest