CH 38 PHARM

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Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood sugar concentration lower than _____.

40 mg/ dL

Hormone that increases insulin sensitivity

Adiponectin

Increased thirst

polydipsia

1st generation sulfon

Tolbutamide (orinase0

Tolbutamide (orinase)

1st generation sulfon adjunct to diet for the management of type 2 diabetics adjunct to insulin for certain type 2 diabetics reducing the insulin dose and dec risk of hypoglycemia

Sulfonylureas

1st oral agent introduced to treat type 2 diabetes stimulate pancreas to release insulin Inc the number of insulin receptors ALL CAN CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIA

Glucagon (GlucaGen) is taken orally at home to increase blood sugar levels when a patient develops hypoglycemia

FALSE

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

Fatigue lathargy itchy skin ketoacidosis and cns changes- coma

Storage form of glucose

Glycogen

The test that measures the average serum level over a 3 month period is the_______ _______.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlC)

Peptides produced in the GI tract

Incretins

Hormone of the pancreatic beta cells

Insulin

In order for glucose to enter the body's cells________ is needed.

Insulin

________ occurs when the body burns fat instead of glucose for energy.

Ketosis

breakdown of fats for energy

Ketosis

Increased hunger

Polyphagia

Diabetes mellitus can be successfully managed with diet and oral anitdiabetic agents

True

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in the United States

True

Exubera is a new form of exhaled insulin that was approved in early 2006 for use by some pt's with type 1 biabetes

True

Metformin (Glucophage) is used to lower blood glucose in pt's with type 2 diabetes

True

Metformin assoc with

lactic acidosis cause gi distress >10 year old can take treatment of POS

Type II diabetes

able to produce insulin but not enough to maintain glucose

Repaglinide contin

act like sulfur to inc insulin rapid acting drugs with short half life use just before meals to lower post prandial glucose levels used in combo with METFORMIN for better glycemic control

Repaglinide (Prandin)

adjunct to diet to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetics adjunct in combination with metformin to control blood sugar in patient whose diabetes cant be controlled with either drug alone

Metformin (glucophage)

adjunct to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetics decreases the production and increases the reuptake of glucose effective in lowering blood glucose levels and does not cause HYPOGLYCEMIA as the sulfon do

proper diet and exercise is the backbone for

antidiabetic therapy

2nd generation

are excreted in the urine and bile, safer 4 renal dysfunction do not interact with as many protein- bound drugs as 1st generation longer duration of acting take 1 or 2 a day

Sulfonyeras work only if the pancreas has functioning ____________

beta cells (type 2)

Hypoglycemia

blood glucose concentration lower than 40

Binguanide class of sulfon

metformin

Dangerous complications of hyperglycemia

fruity breath dehydration slow deep resp loss of orientation

The leading energy source for the body is_____.

glucose

Glucose in the urine

glycosuria

Hyperglycemia

high blood sugar- Inc glucose in the blood

______ replaces the enogenous hormone when the body does not produce enough insulin or when there are not enough insulin receptors sites to provide adequate glucose control

insulin

Glucagon

raise the blood level of glucose when severe hypoglycemia occurs to counteract severe hypoglycemic reaction like pancreatic disease, kidney disease, certain cancers, di

Insulin glulisine (apidra)

rapid acting insulin onset- 15-30 min Peak- 1 hr duration 3-4 hours Admin and timing- subcu- 15 min before meals compabit- can give with nph draw this up first give timed

Type I diabetes

rapid onset destruction of beta cells in the pancreas requires insulin replacement

Meglitinides class

repaglinide (Prandin)


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