CH 38 PHARM
Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood sugar concentration lower than _____.
40 mg/ dL
Hormone that increases insulin sensitivity
Adiponectin
Increased thirst
polydipsia
1st generation sulfon
Tolbutamide (orinase0
Tolbutamide (orinase)
1st generation sulfon adjunct to diet for the management of type 2 diabetics adjunct to insulin for certain type 2 diabetics reducing the insulin dose and dec risk of hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas
1st oral agent introduced to treat type 2 diabetes stimulate pancreas to release insulin Inc the number of insulin receptors ALL CAN CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIA
Glucagon (GlucaGen) is taken orally at home to increase blood sugar levels when a patient develops hypoglycemia
FALSE
Symptoms of hyperglycemia
Fatigue lathargy itchy skin ketoacidosis and cns changes- coma
Storage form of glucose
Glycogen
The test that measures the average serum level over a 3 month period is the_______ _______.
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlC)
Peptides produced in the GI tract
Incretins
Hormone of the pancreatic beta cells
Insulin
In order for glucose to enter the body's cells________ is needed.
Insulin
________ occurs when the body burns fat instead of glucose for energy.
Ketosis
breakdown of fats for energy
Ketosis
Increased hunger
Polyphagia
Diabetes mellitus can be successfully managed with diet and oral anitdiabetic agents
True
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in the United States
True
Exubera is a new form of exhaled insulin that was approved in early 2006 for use by some pt's with type 1 biabetes
True
Metformin (Glucophage) is used to lower blood glucose in pt's with type 2 diabetes
True
Metformin assoc with
lactic acidosis cause gi distress >10 year old can take treatment of POS
Type II diabetes
able to produce insulin but not enough to maintain glucose
Repaglinide contin
act like sulfur to inc insulin rapid acting drugs with short half life use just before meals to lower post prandial glucose levels used in combo with METFORMIN for better glycemic control
Repaglinide (Prandin)
adjunct to diet to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetics adjunct in combination with metformin to control blood sugar in patient whose diabetes cant be controlled with either drug alone
Metformin (glucophage)
adjunct to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetics decreases the production and increases the reuptake of glucose effective in lowering blood glucose levels and does not cause HYPOGLYCEMIA as the sulfon do
proper diet and exercise is the backbone for
antidiabetic therapy
2nd generation
are excreted in the urine and bile, safer 4 renal dysfunction do not interact with as many protein- bound drugs as 1st generation longer duration of acting take 1 or 2 a day
Sulfonyeras work only if the pancreas has functioning ____________
beta cells (type 2)
Hypoglycemia
blood glucose concentration lower than 40
Binguanide class of sulfon
metformin
Dangerous complications of hyperglycemia
fruity breath dehydration slow deep resp loss of orientation
The leading energy source for the body is_____.
glucose
Glucose in the urine
glycosuria
Hyperglycemia
high blood sugar- Inc glucose in the blood
______ replaces the enogenous hormone when the body does not produce enough insulin or when there are not enough insulin receptors sites to provide adequate glucose control
insulin
Glucagon
raise the blood level of glucose when severe hypoglycemia occurs to counteract severe hypoglycemic reaction like pancreatic disease, kidney disease, certain cancers, di
Insulin glulisine (apidra)
rapid acting insulin onset- 15-30 min Peak- 1 hr duration 3-4 hours Admin and timing- subcu- 15 min before meals compabit- can give with nph draw this up first give timed
Type I diabetes
rapid onset destruction of beta cells in the pancreas requires insulin replacement
Meglitinides class
repaglinide (Prandin)