ch 4 4.6 tissue injury and aging

Watch this video to learn more about tumors. What is a tumor? http://openstax.org/l/tumor

A mass of cancer cells that continue to grow and divide.

Discuss changes that occur in cells as a person ages.

All cells experience changes with aging. They become larger, and many cannot divide and regenerate. Because of alterations in cell membranes, transport of oxygen and nutrients into the cell and removal of carbon dioxide and waste products are not as efficient in the elderly. Cells lose their ability to function, or they begin to function abnormally, leading to disease and cancer.

Over what period of time do you think these images were taken? http://openstax.org/l/healinghand

Approximately one month.

When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of the following chemicals does it release? A. collagen B. histamine C. hyaluronic acid D. meylin

B histamine

Atrophy refers to ________. A. loss of elasticity B. loss of mass C. loss of rigidity D. loss of permeability

B loss of mass

Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation? A. redness B. heat C. fever D. swelling

C fever

Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except for ________. A. diet B. exercise C. genetic factors D. stress

C genetic factors

aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the formation of blood clots and is taken regularly by individuals with a heart condition. Steroids such as cortisol are used to control some autoimmune diseases and severe arthritis by down-regulating the inflammatory response. After reading the role of inflammation in the body's response to infection, can you predict an undesirable consequence of taking anti-inflammatory drugs on a regular basis?

Since NSAIDs or other anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the formation of blood clots, regular and prolonged use of these drugs may promote internal bleeding, such as bleeding in the stomach. Excessive levels of cortisol would suppress inflammation, which could slow the wound healing process.

As an individual ages, a constellation of symptoms begins the decline to the point where an individual's functioning is compromised. Identify and discuss two factors that have a role in factors leading to the compromised situation.

The genetic makeup and the lifestyle of each individual are factors which determine the degree of decline in cells, tissues, and organs as an individual ages.

necrosis

accidental death of cells and tissues

clotting

also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

Histamine

chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability

primary union

condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary, allowing quicker and more thorough healing

Why is it important to watch for increased redness, swelling and pain after a cut or abrasion has been cleaned and bandaged?

hese symptoms would indicate that infection is present.

atrophy

loss of mass and function

wound contraction

process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together

Apoptosis

programmed cell death

inflammation

response of tissue to injury

vasodilation

widening of blood vessels

secondary union

wound healing facilitated by wound contraction