Ch 4-7 A First Look at Communication

Another term for glazing over is

Daydreaming

What are the three corners of the semantic triangle?

Referent, Symbol, Reference

When looking at sex differences with behavior it is important to remember

They are just averages

A vague, mild expression that substitutes for something that is harsher or more blunt is known as a(n)

euphemism

Slang is closely related to _________, and that it substitutes formal terminology with informal or unconventional language.

euphemism

Pretending to pay attention while not really listening is called

pseudolistening

A typical friendship is

voluntary

Which of the following are true about the difference between opinions and factual claims?

- A factual claim makes an assertion that we can verify with evidence and show to be true or false. - An opinion expresses a personal judgment or preference that we could agree or disagree with. - An opinion is not true or false in an absolute sense.

Which of the following are examples of nonverbal communication present in a conversation between two people at dinner?

- A movement of the arm to emphasize a point - A nodding of the head in agreement - A facial expression showing interest

Social relationships with clients

- Are discouraged in some professions. - Can result in a conflict of interest.

Which of the following is true about how culture affects communication?

- Culture influences how individuals greet each other - Many basic facial expressions are interpreted similarly across cultures - Culture influences how individuals use space

Which of the following is true about how culture affects communication?

- Culture influences how individuals use space - Many basic facial expressions are interpreted similarly across cultures - Culture influences how individuals greet each other.

The basic rules that govern language apply to which of the following?

- How words are placed in a sentence or phrase - how words are pronounced - What words mean

Which of the following examples are I-statements?

- I don't think this task is getting done properly - my feelings are hurt - i'm feeling ignored - I'm having trouble understanding you

Which of the following are ways that humor can improve our communication with others?

- It can make social interactions more pleasant and enjoyable - It can bring us closer to people - It can diffuse stress

Which of the following are functions of language?

- It connects us to others - it motivates action - It expresses who we are

Language is which of the following?

- It is used to communicate mean. - it uses symbols called words. - It is a system of symbols.

According to research, which of the following statements tend to be true in comparing men's and women's same-sex friendships?

- Men's same-sex friendships tend to revolve around shared activities - Women's same-sex friendships tend to be more conversational - Women's same sex friendships emphasize emotional expressiveness

Which statements about remembering are correct?

- Mnemonic devices can significantly enhance our memory - The average person is not that great at remembering - Remembering can help you avoid awkward situations with others

Which of the following are ways to improve your language?

- Own your own thoughts and feelings - Separate opinions from factual claims - Speak at an appropriate level

Which of the following are nonverbal channels?

- Touch - vocal characteristics - Gestures

The basic rules that govern language apply to which of the following?

- how words are pronounced - What words mean - How words are placed in a sentence or phrase

Which of the following people need to rely primarily on nonverbal communication?

- infants, who haven't yet learn to speak. - Friends during the performance of a very loud rock concert - People who have had a stroke that affects their ability to speak

In what ways does spoken language enable us to connect to others?

- it allows us to share social information. - it allows us to provide comfort. - It allows us to provide support

Which of the following are true of effective listening?

- it can be improved through practice - it is an acquired skill

Which of the following are functions of language?

- it connects us to others - it expresses who we are - It motivates action

Which of the following statements are true of nonverbal communication?

- it influences others - it helps maintain relationships - It expresses emotion

Which of the following is true about hate speech?

- it is meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize people. - it can be based on race, disability status, religion, or sexual orientation - It involves calling people derogatory names and advocating violence against them

Which of the following describe how language expresses who we are?

- it names us. - it identifies us - It enhances our credibility

Which of the following statements are true about nonverbal communication?

- nonverbal communication expresses emotion - nonverbal communication is present in most communication contexts - nonverbal communication serves multiple functions

Which of the following are the primary social functions of language?

- providing comfort and support - Sharing social information - Expressing affection

Which of the following statements are true about nonverbal communication?

- various parts of our bodies serve as channels of communication - It is communication that doesn't use words

Which of the following examples are you-statements?

- you hurt my feelings - you don't know what you're doing - you're making me mad - You're not listening to me

Which of the following are true about how to improve your language use?

- you should avoid using language that is too complex for your audience. - you should avoid using language that is too simple for your audience. - You should try to speak at an appropriate level of complexity for your audience.

Which of the following statements are true about language?

-Language is symbolic -Words represent objects

As human beings, we are fundamentally inclined to do which of the following regarding strong social relationships?

-to maintain them -to protect them

In the context of the HURIER model, we define hearing as __________ process of perceiving sound.

A physical

In the context of the HURIER model, we define hearing as ____________ process of perceiving sound.

A physical

Which of the following definitions explains what a slogan is?

A short memorable phrase that motivates people

Which of the following are key components of critical listening?

Applying probability principles, being skeptical of speaker claims, assessing speaker motivations

That a word like "duck" has no characteristics of a duck—the word "duck" cannot fly, does not have a bill or webbed feet, and does not quack—represents the concept that languages is usually

Arbitrary

One important characteristic of friendships is that they are usually between people who

Are peers

The objects and visual features within an environment that reflects who we are and what we like are called

Artifacts

Which of the following are key components of critical listening?

Being skeptical of speaker claims, applying probability principles, and assessing speaker motivations

According to Baumeister's theory, one reason we form relationships with others is the need to

Belong

I'm the HUEIER model, remembering is a skill that

Can be improved through practice

In the HUEIER model, remembering is a skill that

Can be improved through practice

What is the process of engaging an honest, authentic, and respectful conversation with others called?

Civil dialogue

Which of the following describes a word or phrase that was novel at one time but has lost its effects because of overuse?

Cliché

Interjecting one's own thoughts to take control of a conversation is known as

Competitive interrupting

Which of the following are some of the functions served by nonverbal communication?

Concealing information, maintaining relationships, influencing others, managing conversations

A word that refers to a specific object in the world could be referred to as

Concrete

The tendency to pay attention to evidence that supports preexisting beliefs while discounting proof that undermines them is the _________ bias.

Confirmation

Nonverbal communication

Conveys meaning without the use of words

Nonverbal communication

Conveys meaning without the use of words.

Which of the following are reasons why people engage in friendships with coworkers?

Coworkers are peers; coworkers have shared experiences; coworkers spend a good deal of time together

Which of the following is NOT a reason why people engage in friendships with coworkers?

Coworkers live nearby

The major types of listening include which of the following?

Critical listening, informational listening, and empathic listening

A person's ability to understand the speaker's language may be affected by that person's

Culture

A persons ability to understand the speaker's language may be affected by the person's

Culture

Which of the following is NOT one of the rules of friendship?

Demanding help

The _____________ dimension of social penetration theory measures how personal or intimate our disclosures are

Depth

The confirmation bias occurs when we

Discount information we disagree with, pay attention only to information that supports our values and beliefs, ignore information we disagree with

Which of the following will an empathic listener do when a friend is upset?

Don't interrupt and listen nonjudgmentally

Attraction theory helps explain why we are _______ others.

Drawn to

The HURIER model identifies six stages of

Effective listening

Which of the following are cartoon depictions of faces and other objects that are used as a type of nonverbal communication in texts and instant messages?

Emoji

Which of the following are cartoon depictions of faces and other objects that are used as a type of nonverbal communication and text and instant messages?

Emojis

Which of the following are the three major types of interactive listening?

Empathetic listening, critical listening, and informational listening

The listening process in which you are trying to identify with the speaker's thoughts or feelings is ____________ listening

Empathic

Which of the following are ways in which culture affects listening behaviors?

Expectations for directness, understanding of language, nonverbal listening responses

An important skill for communicating effectively is being able to ____________ nonverbal messages.

Express

Which of the following are ways to improve your nonverbal communication?

Express nonverbal messages clearly, and accurately interpret the nonverbal behavior of others

If you perceive that your boss is bored at a business lunch, you are most likely observing which type of nonverbal communication?

Facial expressions

Emoji are the textual representations of

Facial expressions and objects

True or false: culture has a little influence on nonverbal communication.

False

True or false: in the majority of situations we communicate more information through verbal communication then we do through nonverbal behavior

False

True or false: information overload did not exist before the Internet became widely available

False

True or false: relational maintenance behaviors theory explains why we choose to maintain relationships.

False; Social exchange theory and equity theory explain why we choose to maintain relationships

True or false: We get less accurate information about a person's emotional state from the vocal cues than from facial cues.

False; We get more accurate information through the vocal channel.

True or false: we get less accurate information about a person's emotional state from the vocal cues than from facial cues.

False; We get more accurate information to the vocal channel

True or false: language functions to connect us with others but not to separate us from others.

False; connecting us with others and separating us from others are both functions of language.

True or false: profanity is language that harms a person's reputation.

False; profanity is language that is vulgar, rude, or obscene. Language that is used to harm a person's reputation is defamation

True or false: profanity is language that harms a person's reputation.

False; profanity is language that is vulgar, rude, or obscene. Language that is used to harm a person's reputation is defamation.

The sounds of "umm" and "er" that English speaker making conversation are examples of

Filler words

Which of the following statements are true about social relationships in the workplace?

Friendship roles and work roles may conflict; friendships at work can make the workday more pleasant; they can be more challenging to control than regular friendships

Which of the following are functions of eye contact?

Gaining credibility, signaling attraction, persuasion

Because the mind thinks faster than most people speak, listeners think about other matters, a behavior known as ___________ over.

Glazing

Because the mind thinks faster than most people speak, listeners think about other matters, a behavior known as _____________ over.

Glazing

Using the HURIER model, people can significantly improve their memory of what they

Hear

The six stages of the HURIER model are

Hearing Understanding Remembering Interpreting Evaluating Responding

Which of the following are stages of the HURIER model?

Hearing, understanding, and evaluating

Which of the following are skills that civil communicators practice?

Honesty, openness to change, care with language, and civil listening

One function of nonverbal communication is _________ others, which is when we attempt to cause others to think or act in a certain way.

Influencing

The modern phenomenon of people encountering and attempting to absorb huge quantities of data everyday is referred to as

Information overload

Self-disclosure is the act of

Intentionally giving others information about oneself

Many businesses recognize that the feeling of loyalty and favor we have for friends can ________ the professional relationship.

Interfere with

Many businesses recognized at the feeling of loyalty and favor we have for friends can _____________ the professional relationship.

Interfere with

Physical appearance

Is a channel of nonverbal communication

Which of the following statements are true of nonverbal communication?

It expresses emotion, it helps maintain relationships, and it influences others

Which of the following are true about smell?

It influences your reactions to other people, smell affects sexual attraction, memory is effected by smell

The ability to communicate without words is critical for people

Lacking in language ability

Which of the following is defined as a structured system of symbols used for communicating mean?

Language

Which of the following is not a nonverbal channel of communication?

Language

Which of the following is a way to improve your nonverbal communication skills?

Learn to accurately interpret nonverbal communication

Which of the following refers to defammatory statements made in print or some other fixed medium, such as a photograph?

Libel

Which of the following will an empathic listener do when a friend is upset?

Listen nonjudgmentally and don't interrupt

College students spend more time _________ than any other communicative behavior

Listening

Which of the following communication behaviors occupies the highest amount of a typical college student's time?

Listening

Which of the following are examples of informational listening?

Listening to a friend giving you directions, listening to a self-help audiobook, and listening to a professor's lecture

A mnemonic device is designed to enhance short and long-term

Memory

A device designed to enhance short and long-term memory is known as a ___________ device.

Mnemonic

Nonverbal communication is present in ___________ communication context.

Most

Based on research findings, what are some of the important rules of friendship?

Mutual trust; offering help; keeping your friend's secrets; respecting privacy

In the context of listening, ___________ is defined as anything that distracts of the singer from paying attention.

Noise

Eye behavior is a channel of __________ communication.

Nonverbal

Eye behavior is a channel of ____________ communication.

Nonverbal

Movement and gestures are channels of __________ communication.

Nonverbal

What is the most efficient means of expressing emotion?

Nonverbal communication

Emojis are the textual representations of

Objects and facial expressions

Which of the following are part of the interpreting stage of the HUEIER process?

Observing the body language of the speaker, and noting the speaker's tone of voice

Which of the following are part of the interpreting stage of the HURIER process?

Observing the body language of the speaker, and noting the speaker's tone of voice

A one-sided friendship with someone who isn't aware of your existence is called a(n) ____________ relationship.

Parasocial

Someone who is similar to us in power or status is a ___________.

Peer

Which of the following is a channel of nonverbal communication?

Physical appearance

A relationship that is non-romantic a non-sexual is a _____________ relationship

Platonic

A relationship that is nonromantic and nonsexual is a __________ relationship.

Platonic

Pseudolistening is defined as

Pretending to pay attention but not really listening.

Which of the following are key benefits of self-disclosure?

Reciprocity, emotional release, assistance to others, enhancement of relationships and trust

In the semantic triangle, the denotative meaning of a word is called the ____________ and the connotative meaning is called the ___________.

Referent, reference

Which of the following is true about social relationships?

Relationships carry costs as well as benefits

According to the HUEIER model of effective listening, for the hearing stage of the model, severely hearing-impaired people may

Rely on sign language

Which of the following are actions that correspond to the first stage of the HUEIER model?

Responding, replying and giving feedback

Enhancement of relationships and trust, reciprocity, and emotional release are all benefits of

Self-disclosure

Rejection, obligations in others, hurt to others, and violation of other people's privacy are all risks of

Self-disclosure

Which of the following describes the act of intentionally giving others information about ourselves that we believe to be true but which we think they don't already have?

Self-disclosure

The two components of the interpreting stage of the HURIER model are perceiving the speaker's verbal and nonverbal behaviors and __________ your interpretation of the message to the speaker.

Signaling

A very chatty coworker has invited you out for drinks. You'd like to have more friends in the office, but you fear that becoming friends with this coworker might entail long conversations that could negatively affect your attitude at work. By weighing the pros and cons you are applying _____________ theory to decide on the future of the relationship.

Social exchange

In the context of listening, which of the following are examples of physical noise or psychological noise?

Strong smells, incoming text messages, and loud music

In the context of listening, which of the following are examples of physical noise or psychological noise?

Strong smells, incoming text messages, loud music

When a supervisor and an employee become friends or romantic partners, the power difference between them introduces a ____________ dimension that can complicate their communication.

Task

When a supervisor and an employee become friends or romantic partners, the power difference between them introduces a _______________ dimension that can complicate their communication.

Task

Listening is

The active process of making meaning out of a spoken message.

Which of the following communicates more information than any other channel of nonverbal communication?

The body

Which of the following are true about language?

The values of a society are reflected in its use of language Use of language varies by culture language is bound by culture

Which of the following statements describes a unique challenge for friendships between superiors and subordinates?

There is an unequal distribution of power that can lead to conflict.

Which of the following statements describes the unique challenge for friendships between superiors and subordinates?

There is an unequal distribution of power that can lead to conflict.

Which of the following are characteristics of friendships?

They are typically between peers; they are voluntary; they are governed by rules

Which of the following does not explain why social relationships matter so much to us?

They help us learn detachment techniques

Which of the following does not explain why social relationships matters so much to us?

They help us learn detachment techniques

Which of the following are reasons that social relationships matter so much to us?

They improve our quality of life; they meet our need to belong; they provide rewards

Which of the following are reasons that social relationships matter so much to us?

They meet our need to belong, they improve our quality of life, they provide rewards

Which of the following describe ways people communicate nonverbally?

Through touch, through physical appearance, through eye contact

Which of the following are costs that social relationships can bring?

Time, money, and physical

Which of the following channels for nonverbal communication is the first to develop in an infant?

Touch

Which of the following are nonverbal channels?

Touch, vocal characteristics, gestures

True or false: Facial displays are a channel of nonverbal communication.

True

True or false: effective listening is a learned skill, not an intuitive one.

True

According to Berger and Calabrese's theory, we sometimes form relationships with people we don't know well in an effort to reduce

Uncertainty

In the HURIER model, comprehension of the words and phrases heard is part of

Understanding

Which of the following are channels of nonverbal communication?

Use of facial displays, Vocal behaviors, use of space

Which of the following are forms of nonverbal communication?

Use of time, use of artifacts, movement and gestures

A defining characteristic of friendship is that it is

Voluntary

Which of the following is an example of movement as a channel for nonverbal communication?

Walking

Which of the following is true about our nonverbal communication, as compared to verbal communication?

We communicate more information nonverbally

Which of the following are examples of empathic listening?

Working as a marriage counselor, listening to a friend who lost her job

Which of the following are principles that can help you distinguish between opinions and factual claims?

You can agree or disagree with an opinion. You can verify a factual claim.

Which of the following definitions applies to the term cliché?

a word or phrase that was once novel but has lost its effect due to overuse

A word that refers to a broad category or organizing concept of objects is described as

abstract

In general, vocal cues provide us with more ______ information than facial cues do.

accurate

Listening is a(n) ___________ process

active

According to some research, men are more likely than women to express emotions of

anger

That a word like "duck" has no characteristics of a duck--the word"duck" cannot fly, does not have a bill or webbed feet, and does not quack-- represents the concept that language is usually ________

arbitrary

The objects and visual features within an environment that reflect who we are and what we like are called _________.

artifacts

Which theory explains why individuals are drawn to others?

attraction theory

According to social penetration theory, the range of topics one discloses with people is known as

breadth

Social relationships with clients

can result in a conflict of interest and are discouraged in some professions

Touch is a ______ for nonverbal communication.

channel

What is the process of engaging and honest, authentic, and respectful conversation with others called?

civil dialogue

Someone who typically refuses to consider the merits of a speaker's point because it conflicts with the person's own views would be exhibiting

closed-mindedness

The tendency not to listen to anything with which one disagrees is known as

closed-mindedness

Language is bound by which of the following?

context and culture

One essential component of the rebuttal tendency is

crafting a reply before the speaker has finished talking.

Language expresses who we are by naming and identifying us and by enhancing our

credibility

When a speaker uses language that is inappropriately simple for the audience, the speaker is talking

down to people

Most of us can become better listeners through

education and practice

Nonverbal communication is the primary means of expressing

emotion

Comfort, empathy, happiness, and support are all examples of the ___________ of friendships.

emotional rewards

Men and women differ in how ___________ expressive they are.

emotionally

When topics are difficult to talk about directly, speakers may use vague or mild language, also known as __________, as a substitute for harsher terms.

euphemism

If you question the testimony of oil executives about the limited potential of alternative energy sources to meet current U.S. energy needs, you are most likely

exercising critical listening skills

Sounds that people often use during pauses in their speech are called

filler words

What type of people typically provide a valuable service to us, meeting our needs for love and support?

friends

The responding stage involves

giving feedback

Which of the following describes profanity meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize persons based on their sex, national origin, sexual orientation, religion, race, disability status, or political or moral views?

hate speech

The concept of relational maintenance behaviors explains

how certain behaviors function to reinforce social bonds

By bringing us closer to other people, as well as making social interaction more pleasant and enjoyable, ______ can enhance our communication with others.

humor

One of the functions of nonverbal communication is forming

impressions

As the number of nonverbal cues decreases, their importance ________

increases

The process of listening to a speaker in order to learn is called ____________ listening.

informational

Uncertainty reduction theory explains why we

initially interact with others

When people talk in order to dominate the conversation, this is competitive

interrupting

Which of the following statements is true about language?

it is governed by rules

Which of the following is defined as a structured system of symbols used for communicating meaning?

language

Listening is a(n) _________ skill

learned

Which of the following refers to defamatory statements made in print or some other fixed medium, such as photograph?

libel

Which of the following is a use of language that separates us from others?

negative campaign advertisements

Forms of language, such as euphemism, slang, and profanity are

neither entirely bad nor entirely good

In the context of listening, __________ is defined as anything that distracts the listener from paying attention.

noise

Communicating without the use of words is called ___________ communication

nonverbal

Communicating without the use of words is called ___________ communication.

nonverbal

An estimated 65% to 70% of meaning in communication comes from

nonverbal communication

Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is not correct?

nonverbal communication is secondary to verbal communication in expressing emotion

Which of the following are useful strategies in listening nonjudgmentally?

not interrupting not offering unsolicited advice

It is important for a speaker to separate ___________ from factual claims.

opinions

Our use of time sends messages about which of the following?

power, values

Which of the following describes language that is considered vulgar, rude, or obscene in the context in which it is used?

profanity

Which of the following ways of using language can be abusive or beneficial, depending on how they are used?

profanity criticism

Your friend asks for a car ride. You immediately begin to think up a good excuse to avoid giving him a ride before he is able to fully explain why he needs the ride. In this scenario, you are acting on the ____________ tendency.

rebuttal

Which of the following are potential risk of self-disclosure?

rejection, obligating others, hurt others, violation of other people's privacy

Mnemonics can help people to improve the _________ stage of the HURIER model.

remembering

Negative campaign advertisements are an example of the use of language to

separate people from each other ideologically.

Which of the following describes a defamatory statement that is made aloud, within earshot of others?

slander

Which of the following describes the use of informal and often unconventional words that are understood only by others in a particular group?

slang

Which of the following describes a short and memorable phrase that will motivate people to become customers?

slogan

Olfactics, or your sense of ____________, operates subtly but powerfully to influence your reactions to other people.

smell

Friendship roles and work roles

sometimes conflict

Which of the following describes how a word represents an object or idea but does not constitute the object or idea?

symbolism

Which of the following conversations may make understanding difficult for participants?

technical conversations and conversations in foreign languages

According to social exchange theory, people prefer to maintain relationships in which

the benefits of the relationship outweigh the costs

Which of the following is an established theory that suggests why we form relationships?

uncertainty reduction theory

Which is a channel of nonverbal communication?

use of space

Because words are only symbols of objects and ideas and can mean whatever we choose them to mean, language is

usually arbitrary

The way we use time communicates messages about what we

value