ch 4 bio study guide
Why is the photosynthesis equation often written with several arrows? a. Because many enzymes are added to the reactants to make the products. b. Because many chemical reactions occur with the help of many enzymes. c Because many reactants can enter into the photosynthesis reaction. d. Because many products can be made from the photosynthesis reaction.
b
Choose two ways in which cellular respiration seems to be the opposite of photosynthesis: a. The reactions occur at either end of the chloroplast. b. The overall chemical equations are the reverse of each other. c. Cellular respiration breaks down sugars to make ATP, and photosynthesis uses ATP to make sugars. d. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, and photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide.
b and c
Which 2 statements show the role of CARBOHYDRATES in atp production? a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person's body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates
b and e
Is it lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, or both? Recycles NAD+ to glycolysis
both
Is it lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, or both? Uses pyruvate and NADH
both
Name one use of alcoholic fermentation.
bread
During the Krebs cycle, chemical reactions __________ ___________ carbon-based molecules.
break down
Which 2 statements show the role of LIPIDS in atp production? a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person's body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates
c and d
put the steps of alcoholic fermentation in order: a. NADH is used to convert pyruvate into alcohol and carbon dioxide. b. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis. c. Pyruvate and glycolysis enter fermentation. d. NADH is changed into NAD+
c, a, d, b
The term fermentation is based on a word that means "to bubble." This meaning is related to the fermentation process, because bubbles of carbon dioxide/oxygen are produced during alcoholic fermentation.
carbon dioxide
The reactants of photosynthesis are
carbon dioxide and water
products of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Name one use of lactic acid fermentation
cheese
Some organisms are called producers because they produce the source of chemical energy/light energy for themselves and for other organisms.
chemical energy
Chemosynthesis is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy/light energy instead of chemical energy/light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules.
chemical energy; light energy
The prefix chemo- means "chemical," and synthesis comes from a Greek word that means "to put together." Therefore, chemosynthesis means "to put together with chemicals." In chemosynthesis, ______________ energy is used to produce carbon-based ____________ that store energy.
chemical; molecules
Why is the cellular respiration equation written with several arrows? a. Because a series of products result from the reaction. b. Because a series of reactants enter into the reaction. c. Because a series of chemicals is added to the process. d. Because a series of chemical reactions occurs.
d
put the steps of photosynthesis in order: a. Energy carried along the thylakoid membrane is transferred to molecules that carry energy to the light-independent reactions. b. Carbon dioxide is added to a cycle of chemical reactions to build larger molecules. c. A six-carbon simple sugar (usually glucose; C6H12O6) is formed. d. Energy from sunlight is absorbed and transferred along the thylakoid membrane. Water molecules are broken down and oxygen is released.
d, a, b, c
put the steps of cellular respiration in order: a. Energized electrons are passed along the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. b. Energy is transferred to the second stage of cellular respiration (the electron transport chain). c. A large number of ATP are formed. Oxygen picks up electrons, and water is released as a waste product. d. Three-carbon molecules enter the Krebs cycle and are broken down. ATP and other energy-carrying molecules are formed. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product.
d, b, a, c
put the steps of lactic acid fermentation in order: a. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis. b. NADH is used to convert pyruvate into lactic acid. c. NADH is changed into NAD+ d. Pyruvate and glycolysis enter fermentation.
d, b, c, a
The light-INDEPENDENT reactions require light/do not require light, and they build sugars/energy.
do not require light; sugars
Fermentation removes ____________ from NADH and recycles NAD+ to glycolysis.
electrons
Cellular respiration is a process that releases glucose/energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen/carbon dioxide is present.
energy; oxygen
The prefix photo- means "light," and synthesis means "to put together." During photosynthesis, __________ from light is used to put together _________.
energy; sugars
reactants of cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen
the products of photosynthesis are
glucose and oxygen
During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose/protein is split into two three-carbon molecules and two ADP/ATP are formed.
glucose; ATP
Thylakoids are coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments inside the _________.
grana
The prefix chloro- means "green," and the suffix -phyll means "leaf." Therefore, chlorophyll is the light-absorbing molecule that makes leaves look _________.
green
Fermentation takes place in your muscle cells during ________ ______________, when not enough oxygen is available.
hard exercise
ATP is a high-energy/low-energy molecule that is converted into higher-energy/lower-energy ADP when a phosphate group is removed and energy is released.
high energy; lower energy
The prefix in- means "not." Therefore, the reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light are called light-_________.
independent
Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs oxygen/carbon dioxide to take place.
oxygen
Fermentation is an anaerobic process, because it occurs without _______________.
oxygen
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, because it takes place without __________________.
oxygen
ADP is converted back into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group/food molecule.
phosphate group
Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles where _________ takes place in plants.
photosynthesis
The light-DEPENDENT reactions require light/do not require light, and they absorb and transfer sugars/energy.
require light; energy
Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of a chloroplast: the _________ and the _________.
stroma; grana
The prefix glyco- comes from a Greek word that means "sweet." The suffix -lysis comes from a Greek word that means "to loosen." Therefore, during glycolysis, a _________ is broken down (or "loosened").
sugar
The prefix tri- means "three," and the prefix di- means "two." Therefore, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has ___________ phosphate groups, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has __________________ phosphate groups.
three; two
Fermentation is involved in the production of ATP by allowing glycolysis to take place. Glycolysis yields _______________ net ATP.
two
Chlorophyll is a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light/ultraviolet light.
visible light
Lactic acid is the three-carbon reactant/waste product of lactic acid fermentation. It causes a burning feeling in your muscles/blood vessels during exercise
waste product; muscles
Fermentation is important, because it allows glycolysis to continue making _________ when oxygen is unavailable for cellular respiration.
ATP
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + atp
Choose the two parts of a mitochondria where cellular respiration takes place. a. matrix b stroma c. inner mitochondrial membrane d. outer mitochondrial membrane
a and c
Which 2 statements show the role of PROTEINS in atp production? a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person's body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates
a and f
Put in order to show relationship between ATP and ADP: a. High-energy adenosine triphosphate (ATP) b. Lower-energy adenosine diphosphate (ADP) c. Energy added from breakdown of carbon-based molecules, phosphate added d. Phosphate removed, energy released
a, d, b, c
Is it lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, or both? Produces alcohol and carbon dioxide
alcoholic fermentation
Is it lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, or both? Produces lactic acid
lactic acid fermentation
Photosynthesis captures chemical energy/light energy to make sugars that store chemical energy/light energy.
light energy; chemical energy
Cellular respiration takes place in the chloroplasts/mitochondria.
mitochondria
All cells use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy. ATP is a molecule/organelle that transfers energy from the breakdown of ADP/food molecules to cell processes.
molecule; food molecules