ch 4 bio study guide

Why is the photosynthesis equation often written with several arrows? a. Because many enzymes are added to the reactants to make the products. b. Because many chemical reactions occur with the help of many enzymes. c Because many reactants can enter into the photosynthesis reaction. d. Because many products can be made from the photosynthesis reaction.

b

Choose two ways in which cellular respiration seems to be the opposite of photosynthesis: a. The reactions occur at either end of the chloroplast. b. The overall chemical equations are the reverse of each other. c. Cellular respiration breaks down sugars to make ATP, and photosynthesis uses ATP to make sugars. d. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, and photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide.

b and c

Which 2 statements show the role of CARBOHYDRATES in atp production? a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person's body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates

b and e

Is it lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, or both? Recycles NAD+ to glycolysis

both

Is it lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, or both? Uses pyruvate and NADH

both

Name one use of alcoholic fermentation.

bread

During the Krebs cycle, chemical reactions __________ ___________ carbon-based molecules.

break down

Which 2 statements show the role of LIPIDS in atp production? a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person's body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates

c and d

put the steps of alcoholic fermentation in order: a. NADH is used to convert pyruvate into alcohol and carbon dioxide. b. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis. c. Pyruvate and glycolysis enter fermentation. d. NADH is changed into NAD+

c, a, d, b

The term fermentation is based on a word that means "to bubble." This meaning is related to the fermentation process, because bubbles of carbon dioxide/oxygen are produced during alcoholic fermentation.

carbon dioxide

The reactants of photosynthesis are

carbon dioxide and water

products of cellular respiration

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Name one use of lactic acid fermentation

cheese

Some organisms are called producers because they produce the source of chemical energy/light energy for themselves and for other organisms.

chemical energy

Chemosynthesis is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy/light energy instead of chemical energy/light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules.

chemical energy; light energy

The prefix chemo- means "chemical," and synthesis comes from a Greek word that means "to put together." Therefore, chemosynthesis means "to put together with chemicals." In chemosynthesis, ______________ energy is used to produce carbon-based ____________ that store energy.

chemical; molecules

Why is the cellular respiration equation written with several arrows? a. Because a series of products result from the reaction. b. Because a series of reactants enter into the reaction. c. Because a series of chemicals is added to the process. d. Because a series of chemical reactions occurs.

d

put the steps of photosynthesis in order: a. Energy carried along the thylakoid membrane is transferred to molecules that carry energy to the light-independent reactions. b. Carbon dioxide is added to a cycle of chemical reactions to build larger molecules. c. A six-carbon simple sugar (usually glucose; C6H12O6) is formed. d. Energy from sunlight is absorbed and transferred along the thylakoid membrane. Water molecules are broken down and oxygen is released.

d, a, b, c

put the steps of cellular respiration in order: a. Energized electrons are passed along the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. b. Energy is transferred to the second stage of cellular respiration (the electron transport chain). c. A large number of ATP are formed. Oxygen picks up electrons, and water is released as a waste product. d. Three-carbon molecules enter the Krebs cycle and are broken down. ATP and other energy-carrying molecules are formed. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product.

d, b, a, c

put the steps of lactic acid fermentation in order: a. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis. b. NADH is used to convert pyruvate into lactic acid. c. NADH is changed into NAD+ d. Pyruvate and glycolysis enter fermentation.

d, b, c, a

The light-INDEPENDENT reactions require light/do not require light, and they build sugars/energy.

do not require light; sugars

Fermentation removes ____________ from NADH and recycles NAD+ to glycolysis.

electrons

Cellular respiration is a process that releases glucose/energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen/carbon dioxide is present.

energy; oxygen

The prefix photo- means "light," and synthesis means "to put together." During photosynthesis, __________ from light is used to put together _________.

energy; sugars

reactants of cellular respiration

glucose and oxygen

the products of photosynthesis are

glucose and oxygen

During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose/protein is split into two three-carbon molecules and two ADP/ATP are formed.

glucose; ATP

Thylakoids are coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments inside the _________.

grana

The prefix chloro- means "green," and the suffix -phyll means "leaf." Therefore, chlorophyll is the light-absorbing molecule that makes leaves look _________.

green

Fermentation takes place in your muscle cells during ________ ______________, when not enough oxygen is available.

hard exercise

ATP is a high-energy/low-energy molecule that is converted into higher-energy/lower-energy ADP when a phosphate group is removed and energy is released.

high energy; lower energy

The prefix in- means "not." Therefore, the reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light are called light-_________.

independent

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs oxygen/carbon dioxide to take place.

oxygen

Fermentation is an anaerobic process, because it occurs without _______________.

oxygen

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, because it takes place without __________________.

oxygen

ADP is converted back into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group/food molecule.

phosphate group

Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles where _________ takes place in plants.

photosynthesis

The light-DEPENDENT reactions require light/do not require light, and they absorb and transfer sugars/energy.

require light; energy

Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of a chloroplast: the _________ and the _________.

stroma; grana

The prefix glyco- comes from a Greek word that means "sweet." The suffix -lysis comes from a Greek word that means "to loosen." Therefore, during glycolysis, a _________ is broken down (or "loosened").

sugar

The prefix tri- means "three," and the prefix di- means "two." Therefore, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has ___________ phosphate groups, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) has __________________ phosphate groups.

three; two

Fermentation is involved in the production of ATP by allowing glycolysis to take place. Glycolysis yields _______________ net ATP.

two

Chlorophyll is a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light/ultraviolet light.

visible light

Lactic acid is the three-carbon reactant/waste product of lactic acid fermentation. It causes a burning feeling in your muscles/blood vessels during exercise

waste product; muscles

Fermentation is important, because it allows glycolysis to continue making _________ when oxygen is unavailable for cellular respiration.

ATP

Equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + atp

Choose the two parts of a mitochondria where cellular respiration takes place. a. matrix b stroma c. inner mitochondrial membrane d. outer mitochondrial membrane

a and c

Which 2 statements show the role of PROTEINS in atp production? a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person's body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates

a and f

Put in order to show relationship between ATP and ADP: a. High-energy adenosine triphosphate (ATP) b. Lower-energy adenosine diphosphate (ADP) c. Energy added from breakdown of carbon-based molecules, phosphate added d. Phosphate removed, energy released

a, d, b, c

Is it lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, or both? Produces alcohol and carbon dioxide

alcoholic fermentation

Is it lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, or both? Produces lactic acid

lactic acid fermentation

Photosynthesis captures chemical energy/light energy to make sugars that store chemical energy/light energy.

light energy; chemical energy

Cellular respiration takes place in the chloroplasts/mitochondria.

mitochondria

All cells use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy. ATP is a molecule/organelle that transfers energy from the breakdown of ADP/food molecules to cell processes.

molecule; food molecules