Ch. 4 Quiz

Which explanation describes input as it relates to the nursing process as a system?

Data entering the system (Input is data entering the system. Input for the nursing process is the data or information that comes from a patient's assessment (i.e., how the patient interacts with the environment and the patient's physiological function). The end product is output, not input. Data related to system functioning is feedback, not input. The product and information obtained from the system is content, not input.)

Which type of nursing theory answers the questions, "What is nursing?"

Grand theories Grand theories are broad theories that aim to answer the question, "What is nursing?" Practice theories are situation-specific and guide nursing care, but they do not answer the broad question of what nursing is. Descriptive theories describe phenomena. Prescriptive theories do not answer the question, "What is nursing?" but instead guide practice change and address nursing interventions.

According to Orem's theory, which goal is appropriate for the patient?

Self - care Self care is the goal

Which explanation defines middle-range theory?

It addresses specific phenomena and reflects practice. Middle-range theory addresses specific phenomena and reflects practice. A middle-range theory focuses on a specific field or phenomenon rather than the broad scope of nursing.

Which statement is true about prescriptive theory?

It is linked to outcomes (consequences of specific nursing interventions)

Which nursing theorist used anthropology to form a theory of universality ?

Madeleine Leininger

Which theory describes the life processes of an older adult facing chronic illness?

Developmental Developmental theories describe and predict behavior and development at various phases of the life continuum, as in the phase of older adulthood. Systems theory focuses on input, output, feedback, and content; it does not focus on older adults. Human needs theory focuses on the five levels of priority, not life processes of an older adult. Educational theory focuses on the teaching-learning process by examining behavioral, cognitive, and adult learning principles; it does not focus on life processes of an older adult.

As a system, which component will the nursing process include? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Input, Output, Feedback The components include input, output, and feedback. The nursing process as a system consists of input, output, feedback, and content. Input is the information that is obtained from patient assessment. Output is the result of the nursing care, such as whether the patient's condition has improved, is stable, or has worsened. Feedback is the response of the patient to nursing interventions and response of family members and health care providers to the patient's health condition. Content is the information and production obtained from the system, such as the nursing process. Delivery and rejection are not parts of the nursing process when viewed as a system. Although the nursing process helps deliver care, delivery is not a component of a system and neither is rejection.

Which phrase accurately describes descriptive theory?

Is the first level in theory development and describes a phenomenon

According to systems theory, which information is considered input from the patient with a urinary tract infection?

Reports difficulty with urination Reporting difficulty with urination is input data. Input is the data that are obtained after examining the patient. Output (not input) is the result, and hence, voiding normally after treatment is considered output data.

Which research topic is probable for a group of researchers conducing a study on a patients with diabetes used on Orem's theory?

Self- Administration of insulin Self-administration of insulin is the probable topic. Orem's theory focuses on the patient's self-care needs. Evidence gained by the research based on insulin self-administration would help facilitate self-care in patients with diabetes.)

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need is the priority for an elderly woman with a fever who lives in a high-crime area?

Basic physiological The priority is basic physiological needs because of the fever. Lower basic needs must be met before higher needs. The patient is admitted to the hospital now and not in her home environment where safety is a priority, so the priority need now is physiological because of the fever. At home, the patient's priority is likely safety followed by self-esteem and then self-actualization.

Which option is another term for shared theory?

Interdisciplinary Theory (Borrowed theory)

Which nursing theory is useful in promoting self-management for a patient with diabetes taking insulin?

Orem's Orem's theory of self-care provides a solid theoretical background for self-management for a variety of diseases. This theory shows the nurse how to direct the patient toward self-management to meet physical, psychological, sociological, and developmental needs.

Which phrase is closely aligned with Leininger's theory?

Caring for patients from unique cultures

Which purpose does a theory fulfill?

Explains a phenomenon (Theories are designed to explain a phenomenon such as self-care or caring. A theory is a way of seeing through a set of concepts and propositions that describe or link the concepts to the phenomenon.)

Which concept is a link of the meta paradigm of nursing? Select all that apply.

-Person -Nursing -Environment/ Situation

Which component of nursing theory can be either abstract or concrete and is used to communicate meaning?

Concepts A concept, "a thought or idea of reality that is put into words or phrases to help describe or explain a specific phenomenon," can be abstract or concrete and is used to communicate meaning. Definitions may be conceptual or operational. Assumptions are "truths" and are based on values and beliefs. Phenomenon is not described as abstract or concrete.

Which explanation is true about prescriptive theories? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

-Are action oriented -Test the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention -Guide nursing research to develop specific nursing interventions Prescriptive theories are action-oriented, test the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention, and guide nursing research to develop specific nursing interventions. A prescriptive nursing theory is action-oriented, and the purpose of the theory is to test whether a nursing intervention is valid and predictable. Thus these theories can help develop specific nursing interventions. Grand (not prescriptive) theories explain person, nursing, health, and environment. A middle-range, not prescriptive, theory addresses a specific phenomenon or concept; it is more broad than prescriptive because prescriptive theories focus on interventions.

Which nursing theory would a group of nurse researchers use to improve nursing interventions for patients with paralysis to regain their strength and independence as soon as possible?

Henderson's Henderson's theory promotes assisting patients with 14 activities until patients can meet these needs for themselves (independence and strength). The researchers would apply this theory to improve nursing interventions that help the paralytic patients recover from their decreased mobility. Nightingale's theory deals with manipulating the environment so that nature can help restore a patient to health; the researchers were not focusing on the environment. Benner's theory deals with nurses and the various levels of skill acquisition from novice to expert, not helping to develop nursing interventions. Peplau's theory deals with developing interactions between the nurse and the patient, not developing interventions for patients with paralysis to gain independence and strength.

In Neuman System Model of nursing, how many components, including the physical, interact with each other to represent the patient as a system? Record your answer using a whole number.____

5 This theory has five components that represent the patient as a system: the physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual. Neuman's theory is based on stress and the patient's reaction to it.

Which type of theory would be helpful to the nurse when gaining knowledge about the underlying pathology of a disease?

Biomedical Biomedical theory would be helpful when gaining knowledge about disease pathology. Biomedical theory explains causes of disease and principles related to physiology. Grand theories are extremely comprehensive and provide a structural framework for broad and abstract ideas of nursing; it does not focus on disease pathology. Educational theories focus on the teaching-learning process, not disease pathology. Prescriptive theories address the nursing interventions for a phenomenon to anticipate outcomes; it does not focus on disease pathology.

As a science, which component does nursing rely on?

Current research As a science, the field of nursing relies on knowledge gained through current research. Nursing is both a science and an art. The experience of the nurse, the unique caring relationships, and clinical knowledge are components of the art of nursing, not the science of nursing.

Which statement about theory-based nursing practice is correct?

It defines the uniqueness of nursing practice from other disciplines Theory-based nursing practice defines the uniqueness of nursing practice from other disciplines. Theory-based nursing practice contributes to the advancement of the nursing profession, not the medical profession. The nursing process provides a systematic process for delivering nursing care; it is not a theory. Theory-based nursing practice is linked to nursing outcomes. For example, prescriptive theories address specific nursing interventions and predict the patient response.

In compliance with Leininger's theory, which action would the nurse take when told by some villagers that they are willing to take vaccines only in the presence of the pastor of their church, who has gone to another village and will return in a day?

Listen to the villagers and give them the vaccines the next day in the presence of the pastor (In this scenario, the nurse would respect the villagers' faith and listen to them. The nurse can give them the vaccine the next day in the presence of the pastor. The major concept of Leininger's theory is cultural diversity, and the goal of nursing care is to provide the patient with culturally specific nursing care. The nurse would not try to explain or convince them to take the vaccinations in the absence of the pastor because it is against their wishes)

Which theory would help the nurse in developing strategies to help a young adult with congenital heart disease deal with chronic uncertainty?

Mishel's The nurse would use Mishel's theory. Mishel's theory on uncertainty focuses on dealing with uncertainty in disease processes such as congenital heart disease.

Which theory explains a patient newly diagnosed with diabetes who becomes stressed and eats more carbohydrates?

Neuman's The theory is Neuman's. This patient is newly diagnosed with diabetes and is under stress. The patient responds to stress by eating too many carbohydrates. This process is explained by Neuman's theory, which focuses on stress and the reaction of patients to that stress.

Which term is referred to as the pattern of beliefs that describe the domain of a discipline?

Paradigm Paradigm is the term used to describe the pattern of beliefs that explain the domain of a particular discipline such as nursing. A paradigm links the concepts, theories, beliefs, values, and assumptions accepted and applied by the discipline

Which theory is useful for developing interpersonal relationships?

Peplau's Peplau's theory focuses on developing interpersonal relationships among the nurse, the patient, and the patient's family. Following this theory, the nurse acts as a counselor, a resource person, and a surrogate. Thus the nurse helps the patient reduce the anxiety related to health care problems. Leininger's theory focuses on cultural diversity and providing culturally specific health care, not on developing interpersonal relationships. Roy's theory deals with helping the patient adapt to changes, and Nightingale's theory focuses on environmental factors influencing the patient's health status; Roy and Nightingale do not focus on developing interpersonal relationships.

Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which patient need is an immediate priority?

Physiological

Which type of theory would the nurse consider to find the effectiveness of breathing exercises for patients with asthma?

Prescriptive Prescriptive theories detail nursing interventions for a specific phenomenon and the expected outcome of the interventions. Thus the nurse would refer to prescriptive theories to find the efficacy of an intervention. Grand theories do not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions; they provide a broad abstract framework for general ideas about nursing. Middle-range theory tends to focus on a specific field of nursing rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations. Descriptive theories explain why a phenomenon occurs; they do not guide nursing interventions.

Which feature is true about grand theory?

Provides a structural framework for broad concepts about nursing (A grand theory provides a structural framework for broad concepts about nursing. A middle-range theory focuses on a specific field or phenomenon rather than the broad scope of a grand theory.)

Which type of shared theory focuses on explanations or predictions of human responses within the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual domains?

Psychosocial Theoretical models that explain or predict patient responses related to any physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual domain come under psychosocial theories. Systems theory explains the components of a theory that are interrelated to form a whole, such as the nursing process, not for explanation or predictions of human responses within the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual domains. A biomedical theory explains causes of disease, not human responses within the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual domains. Developmental theories explain the processes that start with conception and continue until death and the common pattern of growth and development, not human responses within the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual domains.

Which theory states that the patient to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, and interdependent domains during health and illness?

Roy's (Roy's theory explains the adaptation model and considers the patient to be an adaptive system. According to Roy's theory, the patient adapts to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, and interdependent domains during health and illness.)

Which phrase accurately describes content?

The product and information obtained from the system. Content is the product and information obtained from the system. Data entering the system is input, not content. The end product is output, not content. Data related to system functioning is feedback, not content.

Which situation is an example of feedback?

The wife of a husband suffering asthma thanked the nurse for her husbands recovery. The wife's thanking the nurse for her husband's improving condition is considered feedback. Feedback is the response of the family members and other health care providers to the patient's health condition. The knowledge that scheduled positioning changes help in reducing the risk of pressure injuries is an example of nursing content, not feedback. The stable condition of the patient who had an ischemic heart attack is an example of nursing output, not feedback. Noticing the inability to walk is an example of nursing input, not feedback.