Ch 4 Review Cowan Microbiology

Syphilis is caused by a spirochete called

Treponema pallidum (italicized)

The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium (italicized) and Nocardia (italicized) from other bacteria

acid fast

The two functions of bacterial appendages are:

attachment & motility

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

capsule

The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the

cell membrane

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the _____

cell wall

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's _____

cell wall

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

cell walls

Movement of a cell toward OR away from a chemical stimulus is termed:

chemotaxis

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages EXCEPT a)cilia b)fimbriae c)flagella d)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) e)pili

cilia

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

crystal violet-iodine-alcohol-safranin

The cell ____ can be composed of three layers: the cell membrane, the cell wall and the outer membrane

envelope

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called:

fimbriae

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are _____ and _____.

fimbriae, capsules

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has:

flagella

Which of the following does NOT pertain to endotoxins? a)are specific bacterial cell wall lipids b)can cause septic shock in the human body c)can stimulate fever in the human body d)found in acid fast bacterial cell walls e)involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases

found in acid fast bacterial cell walls

Halobacterium salinarium (italicized) lives in and requires salt to grow. This is an example of an archaebacterium described as a/an _____

halophile

Which of the following species of bacteria is NOT closely related to the others? (all italicized) a)Escherichia coli b)Staphylococcus auricularis c)Staphylococcus epidermidis d)Peptosteptococcus anaerobius e)Streptococcus pyogenes

Escherichia coli (italicized)

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of _____

Gram negative bacteria

A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _____

Gram positive

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is

Amphitrichous

Bacterial endospores are produced by _____

Bacillus and Clostridium (both italicized)

Which of the following is NOT true of the outer membrane? a)Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane b)the innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer c)the lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin d)the porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane e)the uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccaride

Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane

Lysozyme is most effective against _____

Gram positive organisms

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to

Move in response to a chemical

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is _____

Mycobacterium (italicized)

A client has serious respiratory infection. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab technician said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be _____

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (italicized)

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is:

Peritrichous

Gram negative organisms _____

have a more complex wall with a greater variation in chemical composition

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease EXCEPT the a)capsule b)fimbriae c)inclusions d)outer membrane of Gram negative cell walls e)slime layer

inclusions

The bacterial chromosome _____

is part of the nucleoid

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a prokaryote? a)it is unicellular b)it does not have membrane-bound organelles c)it has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan or other distinct chemicals d)its DNA is not encased in a membrane e)its DNA is wrapped around histones

its DNA is wrapped around histones

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is:

lophotrichous

The enzyme _____, that is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

lysozyme

During the Gram stain, Gram _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

negative

Plasmids _____

often carry genes controlling pathogenicity

All bacterial cells have _____

one or more chromosomes

Which of the following is mismatched? a)cytoplasm--dense, gelatinous solution b)inclusions--excess cell nutrients and materials c)nucleoid--hereditary material d)plasmids--contain genes essential for growth and metabolism e)ribosomes--protein synthesis

plasmids--contain genes essential for growth and metabolism

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium (italicized) and Nocardia (italicized) compared to the typical Gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is _____

predominance of unique, waxy lipids

The function of bacterial endospores is _____

protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be _____

protein synthesis would stop

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _____

rRNA

An irregular cluster of spherical cells is termed _____

staphylococcus

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a

streptobacillus

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape? a)bacillus b)coccus c)spirochete d)tetrad e)vibrio

tetrad

Endospores are _____ a)living structures b)metabolically inactive c)resistant to destruction by radiation d)resistant to heat and chemical destruction e)all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using _____

specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called:

sex pili