Ch 4 Review Cowan Microbiology
Syphilis is caused by a spirochete called
Treponema pallidum (italicized)
The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium (italicized) and Nocardia (italicized) from other bacteria
acid fast
The two functions of bacterial appendages are:
attachment & motility
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?
capsule
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the
cell membrane
If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the _____
cell wall
The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's _____
cell wall
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial
cell walls
Movement of a cell toward OR away from a chemical stimulus is termed:
chemotaxis
Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages EXCEPT a)cilia b)fimbriae c)flagella d)periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) e)pili
cilia
Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?
crystal violet-iodine-alcohol-safranin
The cell ____ can be composed of three layers: the cell membrane, the cell wall and the outer membrane
envelope
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called:
fimbriae
Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are _____ and _____.
fimbriae, capsules
A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has:
flagella
Which of the following does NOT pertain to endotoxins? a)are specific bacterial cell wall lipids b)can cause septic shock in the human body c)can stimulate fever in the human body d)found in acid fast bacterial cell walls e)involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
found in acid fast bacterial cell walls
Halobacterium salinarium (italicized) lives in and requires salt to grow. This is an example of an archaebacterium described as a/an _____
halophile
Which of the following species of bacteria is NOT closely related to the others? (all italicized) a)Escherichia coli b)Staphylococcus auricularis c)Staphylococcus epidermidis d)Peptosteptococcus anaerobius e)Streptococcus pyogenes
Escherichia coli (italicized)
Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of _____
Gram negative bacteria
A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _____
Gram positive
The term that refers to flagella at both poles is
Amphitrichous
Bacterial endospores are produced by _____
Bacillus and Clostridium (both italicized)
Which of the following is NOT true of the outer membrane? a)Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane b)the innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer c)the lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin d)the porin proteins create channels through the outer membrane e)the uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccaride
Gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane
Lysozyme is most effective against _____
Gram positive organisms
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to
Move in response to a chemical
A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is _____
Mycobacterium (italicized)
A client has serious respiratory infection. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab technician said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be _____
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (italicized)
The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is:
Peritrichous
Gram negative organisms _____
have a more complex wall with a greater variation in chemical composition
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease EXCEPT the a)capsule b)fimbriae c)inclusions d)outer membrane of Gram negative cell walls e)slime layer
inclusions
The bacterial chromosome _____
is part of the nucleoid
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a prokaryote? a)it is unicellular b)it does not have membrane-bound organelles c)it has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan or other distinct chemicals d)its DNA is not encased in a membrane e)its DNA is wrapped around histones
its DNA is wrapped around histones
The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is:
lophotrichous
The enzyme _____, that is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
lysozyme
During the Gram stain, Gram _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
negative
Plasmids _____
often carry genes controlling pathogenicity
All bacterial cells have _____
one or more chromosomes
Which of the following is mismatched? a)cytoplasm--dense, gelatinous solution b)inclusions--excess cell nutrients and materials c)nucleoid--hereditary material d)plasmids--contain genes essential for growth and metabolism e)ribosomes--protein synthesis
plasmids--contain genes essential for growth and metabolism
The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium (italicized) and Nocardia (italicized) compared to the typical Gram positive bacterial cell wall structure is _____
predominance of unique, waxy lipids
The function of bacterial endospores is _____
protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be _____
protein synthesis would stop
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _____
rRNA
An irregular cluster of spherical cells is termed _____
staphylococcus
A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a
streptobacillus
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape? a)bacillus b)coccus c)spirochete d)tetrad e)vibrio
tetrad
Endospores are _____ a)living structures b)metabolically inactive c)resistant to destruction by radiation d)resistant to heat and chemical destruction e)all of the choices are correct
all of the choices are correct
Serological analysis for bacterial identification typically involves using _____
specific antibodies to the bacterial cell antigens
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called:
sex pili
