CH 43, 45 46

What are some factors that keep a population under its carrying capacity? predation parasitism decreased birth rate A & B only A & C onlY

A & B only

Which of the following is a habitat island? a freshwater pond in a meadow an individual cluster of pines in the middle of a pine forest a deep sea hydrothermal vent A & C only A, B, & C

A & C ONLY

9. Although all Anolis feed on insects and other invertebrates, they have evolved different feeding strategies that are reflected in: behavior. leg morphology. skull morphology. habitat preference. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

According to Niko Tinbergen, which of the following defines―and helps researchers understand―an animal's behavior? adaptive function causation development evolutionary history All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following would be considered a type of communication? cardinals singing the plumage of a bird of paradise a lion marking its territory All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

As a population approaches its carrying capacity, its growth rate: decreases. increases. stays the same. stops.

DECREASES

3. When sea turtle eggs hatch, predators gather and mortality among the hatchlings is extremely high. Once turtles reach adult size, they can live for decades. This is an example of Type _____ survivorship. I II III

III

6. Why is it useful for T cells that do not recognize self MHC molecules to be removed from the maturing T cell population? A. T cells unable to recognize self MHC molecules will be unable to bind to cells that present foreign antigens on MHC class I proteins. B. T cells unable to recognize self will bind and potentially attack, and kill, all the cells of the body. C. T cells unable to recognize self cannot be stimulated by cytokines released in areas of infection. D. T cells unable to recognize self will bind too tightly to MHC class I proteins and potentially attack, and kill, all the cells of the body.

T cells unable to recognize self MHC molecules will be unable to bind to cells that present foreign antigens on MHC class I proteins.

Imagine a frog at a pond where multiple species are mating. Female frogs are able to discern males making their species-specific calls. How is she able to do this? A. The visual cues of a male frog from her species allows her to go directly to that male. B. The olfactory cues from a male frog of her species allows her to go directly to that male. C. The female only hears calls from a male frog of her species, which results in her going to a male frog of her species. D. The female frog hears all of the calls at the pond, but only male calls from her species excite a specific group of neurons which results in her going to a male frog of her species.

The female frog hears all of the calls at the pond, but only male calls from her species excite a specific group of neurons which results in her going to a male frog of her species.

7. What is the primary reason why it is important to get a new influenza (flu) shot every year? A. The immune system is unable to make memory B cells against influenza viruses. B. The immune system is unable to respond quickly to antigenic shift in viruses. C. The immune system is only able to recognize one viral antigen each year. D. The immune system is only able to devote a small number of B cells to influenza so that it can combat other infections in the body in the same year.

The immune system is unable to respond quickly to antigenic shift in viruses.

4. As a person ages, his or her thymus shrinks. How does this change affect the effectiveness of vaccinations? A. Vaccinations will have no effect because the entire immune system shuts down when the thymus shrinks to a certain size. B. Vaccinations will be more effective because at birth your thymus made all the T cells you'll need for your entire life. C. Vaccinations will be less effective because B cells will not produce appropriate amounts of antibodies. D. Vaccinations will be less effective because the rate of T cell maturation will be reduced. E. Vaccinations will be as effective in aging patients as in young patients because T cell development occurs in the bone marrow.

Vaccinations will be less effective because the rate of T cell maturation will be reduced.

12. Male Australian bowerbirds build and decorate elaborate structures, called bowers, out of grasses and other vegetation. If we want to understand how this behavior promotes a male bowerbird's ability to survive and reproduce, we want to understand its: causation. development. adaptive function. evolutionary history. genetic basis.

adaptive function.

7. Associative learning, also called conditioning, occurs when: an animal learns that two events are correlated. an animal learns a behavior without reward or punishment. an animal's behavior is lessened or eliminated through repeated exposure to the stimulus. an animal's response to a stimulus is enhanced when a strong or novel stimulus is presented first.

an animal learns that two events are correlated.

8. Autoimmune disorders result from T cells that: A. produce alternate TCRs while circulating in the bloodstream. B. are activated by self MHC molecules in association with self antigens. C. fail to recognize MHC proteins on cell membranes. D. fail to produce TCRs.

are activated by self MHC molecules in association with self antigens.

2. Displays are patterns of behavior that: are species-specific. are highly repeatable. function as signals. are species-specific and function as signals. are species-specific, are highly stereotyped, and function as signals.

are species-specific, are highly stereotyped, and function as signals.

2. Mature T cells that have been released into the circulatory system have undergone: A. positive selection. B. negative selection. C. both positive and negative selection.

both positive and negative selection.

4. Each morning before work a cat owner opens the utensil drawer in the kitchen, grabs the can opener, and then shuts the drawer making a lot of noise. Each morning her new cat would run into the kitchen to be fed. After a few weeks, the cat owner notices that the cat runs into the kitchen whenever she hears the utensil drawer close. This is an example of: operant conditioning. classical conditioning. habituation. sensitization.

classical conditioning.

8. The figures below represent three hypothetical populations; each circle is an individual. /brainhoney/Resource/3702058,8,0,5/Assets/resources/chapter_46/46_7.jpg Select the pattern above that describes the following scenario: Individuals are distributed randomly within the environment. diagram M diagram H diagram K

diagram K

10. Which of the following factors are communicated by bees performing the waggle dance? distance and direction to the food source length of flight time to food source and direction to the food source distance and quantity of food length of flight time and quantity of food

distance and direction to the food source

5. Innate immunity is different from adaptive immunity in that innate immunity: A. only works after exposure to foreign antigens. B. only stimulates responses through mast cells. C. does not require prior exposure to a pathogen. D. does not stimulate cell-mediated immunity pathways.

does not require prior exposure to a pathogen.

3. Imprinting is MOST likely to occur: during any point in an individual's lifetime. when an organism is most at danger. during a critical point in development. when an organism is surrounded by conspecific individuals.

during a critical point in development.

You are a doctor who examines a swollen and warm puncture wound on the hand of a patient. Because the wound was made by a rusty nail, you are concerned about infection by Clostridium tetani bacteria, which cause tetanus. You are relieved to see that the patient received a tetanus vaccine at her last checkup a year ago. The vaccine: A. exposed the patient to C. tetani so that she contracted a mild version of tetanus. B. exposed the patient to deactivated C. tetani, so that her B cells would produce antibodies to the bacteria with no risk of contracting the disease. C. stimulated the production of mast cells by her bone marrow. D. exposed the patient to other types of bacteria, so that her immune system would be prepared for infection by prokaryotes.

exposed the patient to deactivated C. tetani, so that her B cells would produce antibodies to the bacteria with no risk of contracting the disease.

8. Many squirrel species cache food for consumption later. Even squirrels of a young age are able to dig and bury food, even if they have never watched another member of their species bury food. They are able to retrieve food that is buried very well, and it is thought they use landmarks around the burial site of the food to return to that spot and find their food. Based on this description, the burial of food is a(n) _____ behavior, and the retrieval of food is _____. innate; innate learned; learned innate; learned learned; innate innate; a conditioned response

innate; learned

5. Male peacocks have tail feathers that make up 60% of their body length. During the mating season they fan their tails and shake these feathers in front of females. Females evaluate the tail-shaking behavior as part of selecting their mate. Which of the behaviors below is most likely to have been the original behavior that, through natural selection, resulted in this mate choice behavior of tail shaking? flight sound production with the larynx grooming feathers with the beak involuntary muscle contraction like shivering head movement to make eye contact

involuntary muscle contraction like shivering

Skin is an important part of the immune response because: A. it is relatively porous. B. the presence of white blood cells on the surface provides protection to the host. C. it acts as a barrier to keep out pathogens. ED bacteria on the surface kill viruses that touch the skin.

it acts as a barrier to keep out pathogens.

1. Which of the following processes are considered components of the complement system? A. MHC molecules on the surface of cells B. membrane attack complexes (MACs) C. histamine produced by mast cells

membrane attack complexes (MACs)

10. The theory of island biogeography describes the number of species on an island as being determined by an equilibrium between the processes of immigration and extinction. Consider a small, far-offshore island and a large, near-shore island. Which island is expected to have a HIGHER equilibrium number of species? far-offshore, small island near-shore, large island The equilibrium number of species is expected to be the same. It is not possible to make a definite prediction based on the information given.

near-shore, large island

7. In the experiments with moss patches described in your text, what were the two factors that affected insect extinction rates within patches? patch size and patch connectivity (usable habitat corridors between patches) patch size and distance from the source population patch connectivity (usable habitat corridors between patches) and mobility of predators distance from the source population and mobility of predators.

patch size and patch connectivity (usable habitat corridors between patches)

3. After clonal selection, B cells become either _____ cells that secrete _____, or _____ cells with membrane-bound antibodies. A. memory; antibodies; plasma B. plasma; antibodies; memory C. memory; antigens; plasma D. plasma; antigens; memory

plasma; antibodies; memory

5. Habitat fragmentation occurs frequently with current logging practices. The figure below shows a fragmented set of patches in a logged area. /brainhoney/Resource/3702058,8,0,5/Assets/resources/chapter_46/46_128.jpg At equilibrium, which forest fragment is likely to hold the LARGEST number of species? population J population K population L population M

population J

1. Habitat fragmentation occurs frequently with current logging practices. The figure below shows a fragmented set of patches in a logged area. /brainhoney/Resource/3702058,8,0,5/Assets/resources/chapter_46/46_127.jpg Which of the subpopulations is MOST likely to go extinct? population J population K population L population M

population K

2. Prairie dogs are rodents that live in colonies. Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies typically have around 12 adult animals per hectare. What aspect of the population ecology of the black-tailed prairie dog does this statement describe? population density population size population growth life history

population density

6. An r-strategist will typically: produce many offspring. produce small offspring. provide abundant parental care. produce many small offspring. produce many small offspring and provide abundant parental care

produce many small offspring.

Cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum evade being filtered from the bloodstream by the spleen by: A. being too large to enter vessels of the spleen. B. inhibiting extravasation by infected cells so they do not enter the spleen. C. producing adhesion proteins that cause them to stick to the sides of blood vessels. D. destroying MHC proteins on the surface of red blood cells.

producing adhesion proteins that cause them to stick to the sides of blood vessels.

6. Male salamanders do a species-specific dance that lures females to follow males. As females follow males, they will walk over a spermatophore left by the male that holds sperm to fertilize the females' eggs. The mating dance by the males of a specific species is likely the result of: imprinting. ritualization. sensitization. conditioning.

ritualization

9. The enhancement of a response to a stimulus following a novel pre-stimulus is called: sensitization. habituation. imitation. imprinting.

sensitization.

4. You are surveying biodiversity on a new island chain. You have counted the number of bat species on one island already. The next island is smaller and farther from the mainland than the one you have just surveyed. According to the theory of island biogeography, the total number of its bat species should be _____ than on the current island because the rate of immigration to the new island should be _____ and the rate of extinction should be _____. Refer to Figure 46.17. /brainhoney/Resource/3702058,8,0,5/Assets/resources/chapter_46/46_131.jpg smaller; higher; lower smaller; lower; higher greater; higher; lower greater; lower; higher

smaller; lower; higher

1. What characteristic associated with male Anolis lizards caused a change in behavior in female Anolis lizards? testosterone only testosterone that causes courting behavior in males testosterone that causes males to fight with each other the presence of males, regardless of their behavior

testosterone that causes courting behavior in males

11. Meerkats are small desert mammals that live in groups of 20-50 individuals. You observe one meerkat standing upright on a stump, looking around, while other meerkats forage for food. You hypothesize that this is an example of kin selection. What additional information would you need to know to evaluate your hypothesis? A. the body size of this meerkat relative to other members of the group B. the gender of this meerkat as well as that of all other members of the group C. the degree of genetic relatedness of this meerkat to all members of the group D. all other activities of this meerkat as well as those of all other members of the group E. the foraging success of this meerkat as well as that of all other members of the group

the degree of genetic relatedness of this meerkat to all members of the group