ch 5 hlh 310
One egg contains __ % of the daily recommendation for cholesterol intake.
67
To maintain a healthy body weight, Shaundra needs to eat 1850 calories per day. To be within the DRIs recommendations for total fat intake, which of the following amounts of total fat should be her upper limit?
72 grams
Each gram of fat from the diet contains ___ calories
9
________ splits fatty acids into two-carbon units that form acetyl-CoA and releases high-energy electrons
Beta Oxidation
Which of the following is not a component of lipoprotein?
Bile
Populations consuming diets that are high in fruits and vegetables tend to have a higher risk of cancer than populations with lower intakes.
False
The amount and location of adipose tissue has no affect on our body size and shape.
False
The bile in the micelles is also absorbed and returned to the gallbladder to be reused
False
Which of the following are absorbed without digestion?
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Lipoprotein lipase breaks down the triglycerides in chylomicrons into
Fatty Acids and Glycerol
Which of the following is not a function of fat in foods?
Grittiness
High levels of ______ in the blood are associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease.
HDL
Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of protein?
HDL
Which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from other lipoproteins and body cells and returns it to the liver?
HDL
Which of the following statements is false about omega-3 fatty acids?
High Amounts in diet increase inflammation
The typical American diet has a ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids that is
Higher in the amounts of omega-6 verses omega-3 fatty acids for optimal health
Which of the following is true regarding current research and cholesterol
In most people liver productions of cholesterol slows when dietary intake increases
Lipids that are consumed in the diet are absorbed into the intestinal mucosal cells. From here, all of the following molecules, with the exception of ____, are not soluble in water, and are thus packaged for transport.
Small Fatty Acids
The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the
Small Intestine
Fates of triglycerides include all of the following except
Source of immediate energy
Adipose tissue is best described as
Stored triglycerides
Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?
The body cannot make these at all or in sufficient quantities to meet the body's need
Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for dinner from the vegetable group?
Tomatoes with olive oil and balsamic vinegar
Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid?
Trans Fatty Acids
The remains of chylomicrons
Travel to the liver to be disassembled.
The lipid that makes up most of the lipids in our body is
Triglyceride
After long-chain fatty acids have been absorbed into the mucosal cells, they are re-assembled into:
Triglycerides
All cis and trans fatty acids are unsaturated.
True
All omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are unsaturated.
True
Antioxidants decrease the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, and therefore, the development of plaque in the artery walls.
True
Children need more fat to allow for growth and development, so their acceptable ranges of fat intake are higher.
True
Chylomicrons are too large to enter the capillaries in the small intestine.
True
Diets high in saturated fatty acids have been shown to increase the risk of heart disease.
True
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish.
True
Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with a higher incidence of heart disease.
True
Essential fatty acid deficiencies are rare in the United States
True
Even though the sources of fat in the U.S. diet have changed since 1970, the types of fat and the number of grams of fat Americans consume daily have changed little
True
Excess calories that are consumed as carbohydrate or protein can be used to synthesize fatty acids.
True
Foods at the base of each MyPlate food group are more likely to be good sources of healthy liquid oils than those foods at the tip of the pyramid
True
If you eat more saturated fat, there will be more saturated fat in your adipose tissue.
True
In our bodies, lipids form structural and regulatory molecules.
True
Ketones can be used as an energy source by many tissues in the body.
True
Limiting oils, butter, margarine, fatty sauces, and salad dressings can reduce your total fat and calorie intake.
True
Lipoproteins are particles that transport lipids in the blood.
True
Men are affected a decade earlier than women are by heart disease
True
Rancidity is the spoilage of fats and oils.
True
Small amounts of trans fatty acids occur naturally in foods.
True
The ability of the body to store excess triglycerides is theoretically limitless
True
The amount of the fat-soluble vitamins absorbed can be reduced if dietary fat is really low.
True
The development of atherosclerosis has been linked to diets that are high in cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat.
True
The fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the same process as other lipids.
True
The number and location of the double bonds determine the health effects they have on the body.
True
To be labeled "low cholesterol" a food must contain less than or equal to 20 mg cholesterol per serving and less than or equal to 2 g saturated fat per serving.
True
To deliver cholesterol, LDL particles bind to a protein on the cell membrane called an LDL receptor.
True
Trans fatty acids not only raise LDL cholesterol levels but are also believed to increase the risk of breast cancer
True
VLDLs are made in the liver and transport lipids away from the liver.
True
When comparing today's fat consumption with that of 1971 the increase in women's fat consumption is proportionally more substantial than men's.
True
HDLs
return cholesterol from other lipoproteins and body cells to the liver.
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include:
Corn Oil
The AMDR for fat children ages 1 to 3 is
30-40% of calories
Which of the following is not a function of lipids in the body?
Absorption of water-soluble vitamins
The phospholipid lecithin is used to synthesize
Acetylcholine
Bile is
All of the Above
Excess body fat is associated with an increased risk of
All of the Above
Sources of hidden fat in our diet include
All of the Above
In the development of atherosclerosis, which of the following represent the correct sequence of events?
Artery is damaged―> LDLs are oxidized ―> foam cells burst depositing cholesterol--> plaque enlarges and artery narrows
All of the following foods contain cholesterol except
Avocado
Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for lunch from the fruit group?
Avocado slices, olive oil, balsamic vinegar
Which of the following types of oil is the best source of healthy, unsaturated fats?
Canola Oil
In the past 40 years, the percentage of calories from fat has
Changed very little
The majority of _______ is located in cell membranes, but is also a part of myelin, the insulating coating on nerve cells
Cholesterol
__________ is needed in the body to make vitamin D, bile acids, and cortisol.
Cholesterol
Gary had the following blood levels (mg/100 mL): cholesterol 245, HDL 35, LDL 99. Which of these blood lipid levels put him at risk for heart disease?
Cholesterol and HDL
Which lipoprotein has the highest proportion of triglyceride?
Chylomicron
Which two lipoproteins deliver triglycerides to body cells?
Chylomicrons & VLDL
Elise is trying to manage her blood cholesterol, so she wants to purchase some crackers that do not have saturated fat in them. Which oil, if it appears in the ingredient list should she avoid?
Coconut oil
Which of the following would not lessen the amount of fat consumed?
Eating fruit instead of vegetables
Which of the following foods is lowest in saturated fat?
Eggs
Which of the following is false regarding the nutrient content of eggs?
Eggs are a good source of omega-3 fats
The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids impacts the production of which hormone-like molecule that helps regulate blood clotting?
Eicosanoids
The fat content of the U.S. diet is not thought to be the only reason for the incidence of increasing obesity in the United States. Which of the following best explains the increase in obesity?
Energy intake exceeds energy expended
African Americans have a lower risk of heart disease than the general population.
False
Arachidonic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid synthesized from linoleic acid.
False
Chylomicrons and high density lipoproteins transport triglycerides and deliver them to body cells.
False
Eating patterns in the United States have changed little over the past 40 years.
False
Excess calories that are consumed as carbohydrate or protein is stored immediately as fat.
False
Fatty acids can be used to make glucose.
False
Glycerol provides most of the energy stored in a triglyceride molecule.
False
Hydrogenation makes a saturated fatty acid more unsaturated.
False
Individuals need a greater number of grams daily of linoleic acid than alpha- linolenic acid for optimal health.
False
Obesity and high blood pressure increase heart disease risk, but diabetes does not.
False
Only foods with visible fat, and not hidden fat, contribute to total caloric intake.
False
If there is not enough carbohydrate available in cells to allow the acetyl-CoA to enter the citric acid cycle, it will be used to make
Ketones
Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of cholesterol?
LDL
The best-known phospholipid used by the food industry to prevent oil from separating from other ingredients is
Lecithen
An enzyme that digests lipids is
Lipase
Research indicates that the initiation of atherosclerosis may be related to all of the following except
Low Blood Pressure
Since chylomicrons are too large to enter the capillaries in the small intestine, they pass into the
Lymph
Intake of fish, nuts, and whole grains ________ heart disease risk.
May Decrease
Particles formed in the small intestine when the products of fat digestion are surrounded by bile are
Micelles
A high-fat meal contains ________ calories in the same volume as compared to a low-fat meal.
More
Which of the following fats is lowest in saturated fat?
Olive Oil
The Nutrition Facts panel shows the amounts of all of the following except
Omega-3 Fats
The current U.S. diet contains a higher ratio of which fatty acid than is optimal for health?
Omega-6
Which of the following foods is the lowest in cholesterol?
Peanut Butter
_________ is an important component of cell membranes, forming a lipid bilayer by orienting the water-soluble portion towards the water environment.
Phospholipid
________, when consumed in the diet, can help reduce blood cholesterol levels.
Plant Sterols
Which of the following is not a tropical oil?
Safflower Oil
Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for breakfast from the grains group?
Whole grain toast with honey
Kyle had a brother who exhibited heart disease at age 62 and a sister who exhibited heart disease at age 64. Based on the age at which his brother and his sister exhibited heart disease, is Kyle considered to have a family history of heart disease?
Yes, based on the age of his sister only