ch 5 hlh 310

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

One egg contains __ % of the daily recommendation for cholesterol intake.

67

To maintain a healthy body weight, Shaundra needs to eat 1850 calories per day. To be within the DRIs recommendations for total fat intake, which of the following amounts of total fat should be her upper limit?

72 grams

Each gram of fat from the diet contains ___ calories

9

________ splits fatty acids into two-carbon units that form acetyl-CoA and releases high-energy electrons

Beta Oxidation

Which of the following is not a component of lipoprotein?

Bile

Populations consuming diets that are high in fruits and vegetables tend to have a higher risk of cancer than populations with lower intakes.

False

The amount and location of adipose tissue has no affect on our body size and shape.

False

The bile in the micelles is also absorbed and returned to the gallbladder to be reused

False

Which of the following are absorbed without digestion?

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Lipoprotein lipase breaks down the triglycerides in chylomicrons into

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

Which of the following is not a function of fat in foods?

Grittiness

High levels of ______ in the blood are associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease.

HDL

Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of protein?

HDL

Which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from other lipoproteins and body cells and returns it to the liver?

HDL

Which of the following statements is false about omega-3 fatty acids?

High Amounts in diet increase inflammation

The typical American diet has a ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids that is

Higher in the amounts of omega-6 verses omega-3 fatty acids for optimal health

Which of the following is true regarding current research and cholesterol

In most people liver productions of cholesterol slows when dietary intake increases

Lipids that are consumed in the diet are absorbed into the intestinal mucosal cells. From here, all of the following molecules, with the exception of ____, are not soluble in water, and are thus packaged for transport.

Small Fatty Acids

The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the

Small Intestine

Fates of triglycerides include all of the following except

Source of immediate energy

Adipose tissue is best described as

Stored triglycerides

Which of the following is a characteristic of essential fatty acids?

The body cannot make these at all or in sufficient quantities to meet the body's need

Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for dinner from the vegetable group?

Tomatoes with olive oil and balsamic vinegar

Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid?

Trans Fatty Acids

The remains of chylomicrons

Travel to the liver to be disassembled.

The lipid that makes up most of the lipids in our body is

Triglyceride

After long-chain fatty acids have been absorbed into the mucosal cells, they are re-assembled into:

Triglycerides

All cis and trans fatty acids are unsaturated.

True

All omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are unsaturated.

True

Antioxidants decrease the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, and therefore, the development of plaque in the artery walls.

True

Children need more fat to allow for growth and development, so their acceptable ranges of fat intake are higher.

True

Chylomicrons are too large to enter the capillaries in the small intestine.

True

Diets high in saturated fatty acids have been shown to increase the risk of heart disease.

True

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fish.

True

Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with a higher incidence of heart disease.

True

Essential fatty acid deficiencies are rare in the United States

True

Even though the sources of fat in the U.S. diet have changed since 1970, the types of fat and the number of grams of fat Americans consume daily have changed little

True

Excess calories that are consumed as carbohydrate or protein can be used to synthesize fatty acids.

True

Foods at the base of each MyPlate food group are more likely to be good sources of healthy liquid oils than those foods at the tip of the pyramid

True

If you eat more saturated fat, there will be more saturated fat in your adipose tissue.

True

In our bodies, lipids form structural and regulatory molecules.

True

Ketones can be used as an energy source by many tissues in the body.

True

Limiting oils, butter, margarine, fatty sauces, and salad dressings can reduce your total fat and calorie intake.

True

Lipoproteins are particles that transport lipids in the blood.

True

Men are affected a decade earlier than women are by heart disease

True

Rancidity is the spoilage of fats and oils.

True

Small amounts of trans fatty acids occur naturally in foods.

True

The ability of the body to store excess triglycerides is theoretically limitless

True

The amount of the fat-soluble vitamins absorbed can be reduced if dietary fat is really low.

True

The development of atherosclerosis has been linked to diets that are high in cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat.

True

The fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the same process as other lipids.

True

The number and location of the double bonds determine the health effects they have on the body.

True

To be labeled "low cholesterol" a food must contain less than or equal to 20 mg cholesterol per serving and less than or equal to 2 g saturated fat per serving.

True

To deliver cholesterol, LDL particles bind to a protein on the cell membrane called an LDL receptor.

True

Trans fatty acids not only raise LDL cholesterol levels but are also believed to increase the risk of breast cancer

True

VLDLs are made in the liver and transport lipids away from the liver.

True

When comparing today's fat consumption with that of 1971 the increase in women's fat consumption is proportionally more substantial than men's.

True

HDLs

return cholesterol from other lipoproteins and body cells to the liver.

Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include:

Corn Oil

The AMDR for fat children ages 1 to 3 is

30-40% of calories

Which of the following is not a function of lipids in the body?

Absorption of water-soluble vitamins

The phospholipid lecithin is used to synthesize

Acetylcholine

Bile is

All of the Above

Excess body fat is associated with an increased risk of

All of the Above

Sources of hidden fat in our diet include

All of the Above

In the development of atherosclerosis, which of the following represent the correct sequence of events?

Artery is damaged―> LDLs are oxidized ―> foam cells burst depositing cholesterol--> plaque enlarges and artery narrows

All of the following foods contain cholesterol except

Avocado

Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for lunch from the fruit group?

Avocado slices, olive oil, balsamic vinegar

Which of the following types of oil is the best source of healthy, unsaturated fats?

Canola Oil

In the past 40 years, the percentage of calories from fat has

Changed very little

The majority of _______ is located in cell membranes, but is also a part of myelin, the insulating coating on nerve cells

Cholesterol

__________ is needed in the body to make vitamin D, bile acids, and cortisol.

Cholesterol

Gary had the following blood levels (mg/100 mL): cholesterol 245, HDL 35, LDL 99. Which of these blood lipid levels put him at risk for heart disease?

Cholesterol and HDL

Which lipoprotein has the highest proportion of triglyceride?

Chylomicron

Which two lipoproteins deliver triglycerides to body cells?

Chylomicrons & VLDL

Elise is trying to manage her blood cholesterol, so she wants to purchase some crackers that do not have saturated fat in them. Which oil, if it appears in the ingredient list should she avoid?

Coconut oil

Which of the following would not lessen the amount of fat consumed?

Eating fruit instead of vegetables

Which of the following foods is lowest in saturated fat?

Eggs

Which of the following is false regarding the nutrient content of eggs?

Eggs are a good source of omega-3 fats

The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids impacts the production of which hormone-like molecule that helps regulate blood clotting?

Eicosanoids

The fat content of the U.S. diet is not thought to be the only reason for the incidence of increasing obesity in the United States. Which of the following best explains the increase in obesity?

Energy intake exceeds energy expended

African Americans have a lower risk of heart disease than the general population.

False

Arachidonic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid synthesized from linoleic acid.

False

Chylomicrons and high density lipoproteins transport triglycerides and deliver them to body cells.

False

Eating patterns in the United States have changed little over the past 40 years.

False

Excess calories that are consumed as carbohydrate or protein is stored immediately as fat.

False

Fatty acids can be used to make glucose.

False

Glycerol provides most of the energy stored in a triglyceride molecule.

False

Hydrogenation makes a saturated fatty acid more unsaturated.

False

Individuals need a greater number of grams daily of linoleic acid than alpha- linolenic acid for optimal health.

False

Obesity and high blood pressure increase heart disease risk, but diabetes does not.

False

Only foods with visible fat, and not hidden fat, contribute to total caloric intake.

False

If there is not enough carbohydrate available in cells to allow the acetyl-CoA to enter the citric acid cycle, it will be used to make

Ketones

Which lipoprotein contains the highest proportion of cholesterol?

LDL

The best-known phospholipid used by the food industry to prevent oil from separating from other ingredients is

Lecithen

An enzyme that digests lipids is

Lipase

Research indicates that the initiation of atherosclerosis may be related to all of the following except

Low Blood Pressure

Since chylomicrons are too large to enter the capillaries in the small intestine, they pass into the

Lymph

Intake of fish, nuts, and whole grains ________ heart disease risk.

May Decrease

Particles formed in the small intestine when the products of fat digestion are surrounded by bile are

Micelles

A high-fat meal contains ________ calories in the same volume as compared to a low-fat meal.

More

Which of the following fats is lowest in saturated fat?

Olive Oil

The Nutrition Facts panel shows the amounts of all of the following except

Omega-3 Fats

The current U.S. diet contains a higher ratio of which fatty acid than is optimal for health?

Omega-6

Which of the following foods is the lowest in cholesterol?

Peanut Butter

_________ is an important component of cell membranes, forming a lipid bilayer by orienting the water-soluble portion towards the water environment.

Phospholipid

________, when consumed in the diet, can help reduce blood cholesterol levels.

Plant Sterols

Which of the following is not a tropical oil?

Safflower Oil

Based on the type of fat found in the following foods, which would be the healthiest choice for breakfast from the grains group?

Whole grain toast with honey

Kyle had a brother who exhibited heart disease at age 62 and a sister who exhibited heart disease at age 64. Based on the age at which his brother and his sister exhibited heart disease, is Kyle considered to have a family history of heart disease?

Yes, based on the age of his sister only


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