Ch 6 anatomy
Cutaneous carcinomas are most commonly caused by exposure to
Ultraviolet light
Skin cells play in important role in the production of
Vitamin D
Which of the following steps occurs first after the formation of a scab
Fibroblasts from wounds edge form new collagenous fibers
The granulations that appeared during the healing of a large, open Wayland are composed mainly of
Fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels
Dermis is composed of
Fibrous connective tissue
A membrane is an organ because
It is composed of two or more kinds of tissues
Which is not correct: 1) Dermis is thicker than epidermis 2) epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium 3) subcutaneous layer is between epidermis and dermis 4) dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue
3) subcutaneous layer is between epidermis and dermis
Which of the following is most likely to develop a cutaneous carcinoma? 1) over 40 2) often works and plays outdoors 3) light complexioned skin 4) all of the above
4) all of the above
Inflammation involves which of the following changes to skin 1) reddened appearance 2) swollen and painful to touch 3) warm temperature 4) all of rgesw
4) all of these
The subcutaneous layer can be described as 1) being composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue 2) the skin 3) functioning as a heat insulator 4) all of these
4) all of these
The way in which the skin promotes loss of excess body heat is 1) dilation of dermal blood vessels 2) activation of eccrine sweat glands 3) loss of heat 4) all of these
4) all of these
When a person exercises on hot, humid days, there is a danger of developing 1) fatigue and dizziness 2) heat exhaustion 3) headache, muscle cramps, and nausea 4) all of these
4) all of these
Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands 1) in terms of what is secreted 2) in their location in the body 3) because sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles whereas sweat glands are not 4) all of these are correct
4) all of these are correct
what is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in cold conditions 1) dermal blood vessels constricting 2) sweat glands become inactive 3) skeletal muscles contract involuntarily 4) all of these are correct
4) all of these are correct
Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation? 1) massaging the skin 2) eating foods rich in protein 3) providing adequate fluid intake 4) maintaining one body position
4) maintaining one body position
As a person ages, the skin typically becomes 1) thicker 2) more opaque 3) more elastic 4) none of these
4) none of these
How many hair follicles does a human have
5 million
If the temperature of the body drops below the normal range, the skin response by constructing epidermal blood cells, activating sweat glands, and in activating muscles
False
Killing of a deep partial thickness burn involves production of new cells from the stratum basale or germinativum
False
Melanomas develop from melanocytes; therefore, the color is always brownish
False
Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which functions to destroy bacteria that may be present on the skin
False
Skin cancer is originating from epithelial cells are called melanomas and those arising from melanocytes are called carcinomas
False
Sunlight, ultraviolet light, and x-rays all cause skin to darken because they cause an increase in blood flow to the dermis
False
The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue
False
The dermis is very flat compared to the epidermis
False
The major blood vessels that supply the skin are located between the dermis and epidermis
False
The outermost layer of the epidermis is Stratum basale and the innermost layer is stratum corneum
False
The tough layer of waterproof material that makes up the outermost portion of the epidermis is called the stratum lucidum
False
When the body temperature drops below normal, dermal blood specials are likely to dilate
False
Define layer of downy hair that covers a baby at birth is called
Lanugo
The subcutaneous layer consists of
Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue
An autographed involves covering an injured area of skin with
Skin from an uninsured region of the patients
The nail plate is produced by
Specialized epithelial cells
A future treatment for baldness may potentially be
Stem cells
Melanomas appear most often in the skin of the trunk, especially in the back, or in the skin of the limbs
True
Synovial membrane's are composed primarily of connective tissuws
True
The function of melanocytes is to synthesize melanin , which protects underlying cells from the affects of ultraviolet light
True
The secretion of the sebaceous glands is called sebum
True
The skin is one of the largest organs in the body
True
Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: amount of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases
True
Typically, a melanoma spreads throughout the skin horizontally but can grow downward into the dermis and can even invade deeper tissues
True
Vasoconstriction, or construction of dermal blood vessels, is greater at 97.5°F van at 98.4°F
True
Carcinomas are rarer then melanomas and occur primarily and people who work indoors but occasionally experience blistering sunburn's during the weekend activity
false
The nerve fibers scattered throughout dermis are associated with
muscles, glands, sensory receptors
Primary means by which body heat is lost
radiation
Eccrine sweat glands
respond primarily to elevated body temperature
Melanocytes can transfer granules of melanin into nearby epithelial cells
True
An _____ is an example of a transplant within the same individual
Autograft
Which region are apportioned sweat glands most numerous
Axilla
When smooth muscle in the walls of the dermis contract
Body heat is conserved
Pressure ulcers are usually associated with skin overlying
Bony projections
Hair color is determined by the amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization
False
Epidermis is distinguished by being _____, whereas dermis is distinguished by being _____.
Composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
The melanocytes in very dark skin
Contains single, large, pigmented granules
The means by which heat is lost from a warm surface to the air molecules circulating over it is
Convection
Shafts of hair are composed of
Dead epidermal cells
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the
Dermis
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of epidermis to the surface they
Divide continually
Sweat functions to cool the body by
Evaporation
A burn that involves the epidermis only is called a deep partial thickness burn
False
Cyanosis is due to the presence of blood with an excessively high oxygen concentration
False
Body heat is lost by radiation by
Heat raise escaping to cooler surroundings
An ______ is an example of a transplant from person to person
Homograft
The condition in which the lanugo does not receive and persists is called
Hypertrichosis
By producing hormones like substances that influence the development of certain white blood cells, the skin plays a role in
Immunity
Injections that are administered into the tissues within the skin are called
Intradermal
Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the production of
Melanin
When do hair follicles form
Month five of jestation
The nerve fibers in the dermis function to stimulate
Muscles and glands in the dermis
Skin cancer is most likely to develop from
Non-pigmented epithelial cells
The functions of skin include
Regulating body temperature
Cutaneous melanomas most commonly to be caused by
Relatively short exposure to high intensity sunlight
Acne is a disorder involving the
Sebaceous glands
Synovial membrane's function to
Secrete synovial fluid that lubricates the ends of bones at joints
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing
Skin cancer
Which layer consists of a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis and includes pigment producing melanocytes
Stratum germinativum
I hair is distinguished from a hair follicle by
Strictly the position, with the hair being the center of the follicle
Burn that involves only the epidermis is called a
Superficial partial thickness burn
And treating a burn patient, the rule of nines is used to estimate
Surface area of the burn
What determines the color of skin
The amount of melanin produced by melanocytes
Carcinoma's appear most often in the skin of the neck, face, and scalp
True
Wire tattoos permanent if the dyes are injected into the dermis
The dermis is not shed
Tattoos are permanent because
The dyes are injected into the dermis
An example of a serous membrane is
The lining of the thorax
Epidermal cells that move up through the strata become very keratinized as they die due to lack of blood supply
True
Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who live outdoors all the time then in people who do not
True
Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperature because
They are sweat glands are replaced by fibrous tissue
A burn that destroys the dermis, epidermis, and accessory organs of the skin is called a full thickness burn, and the skin becomes dry and Leathery
True
And healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin
True
Bed sores are dead epidermal cells resulting from decreased blood supply to the affected region of the skin
True
Serous membranes are characterized by ______, whereas mucous membranes are characterized ______.
Whining body cavities that lack openings to the outside; lining body cavities and tubes opening to the outside
Membranes lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside
serous