Ch 6 anatomy

Cutaneous carcinomas are most commonly caused by exposure to

Ultraviolet light

Skin cells play in important role in the production of

Vitamin D

Which of the following steps occurs first after the formation of a scab

Fibroblasts from wounds edge form new collagenous fibers

The granulations that appeared during the healing of a large, open Wayland are composed mainly of

Fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels

Dermis is composed of

Fibrous connective tissue

A membrane is an organ because

It is composed of two or more kinds of tissues

Which is not correct: 1) Dermis is thicker than epidermis 2) epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium 3) subcutaneous layer is between epidermis and dermis 4) dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue

3) subcutaneous layer is between epidermis and dermis

Which of the following is most likely to develop a cutaneous carcinoma? 1) over 40 2) often works and plays outdoors 3) light complexioned skin 4) all of the above

4) all of the above

Inflammation involves which of the following changes to skin 1) reddened appearance 2) swollen and painful to touch 3) warm temperature 4) all of rgesw

4) all of these

The subcutaneous layer can be described as 1) being composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue 2) the skin 3) functioning as a heat insulator 4) all of these

4) all of these

The way in which the skin promotes loss of excess body heat is 1) dilation of dermal blood vessels 2) activation of eccrine sweat glands 3) loss of heat 4) all of these

4) all of these

When a person exercises on hot, humid days, there is a danger of developing 1) fatigue and dizziness 2) heat exhaustion 3) headache, muscle cramps, and nausea 4) all of these

4) all of these

Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands 1) in terms of what is secreted 2) in their location in the body 3) because sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles whereas sweat glands are not 4) all of these are correct

4) all of these are correct

what is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in cold conditions 1) dermal blood vessels constricting 2) sweat glands become inactive 3) skeletal muscles contract involuntarily 4) all of these are correct

4) all of these are correct

Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation? 1) massaging the skin 2) eating foods rich in protein 3) providing adequate fluid intake 4) maintaining one body position

4) maintaining one body position

As a person ages, the skin typically becomes 1) thicker 2) more opaque 3) more elastic 4) none of these

4) none of these

How many hair follicles does a human have

5 million

If the temperature of the body drops below the normal range, the skin response by constructing epidermal blood cells, activating sweat glands, and in activating muscles

False

Killing of a deep partial thickness burn involves production of new cells from the stratum basale or germinativum

False

Melanomas develop from melanocytes; therefore, the color is always brownish

False

Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which functions to destroy bacteria that may be present on the skin

False

Skin cancer is originating from epithelial cells are called melanomas and those arising from melanocytes are called carcinomas

False

Sunlight, ultraviolet light, and x-rays all cause skin to darken because they cause an increase in blood flow to the dermis

False

The arrector pili muscle is composed of striated muscle tissue

False

The dermis is very flat compared to the epidermis

False

The major blood vessels that supply the skin are located between the dermis and epidermis

False

The outermost layer of the epidermis is Stratum basale and the innermost layer is stratum corneum

False

The tough layer of waterproof material that makes up the outermost portion of the epidermis is called the stratum lucidum

False

When the body temperature drops below normal, dermal blood specials are likely to dilate

False

Define layer of downy hair that covers a baby at birth is called

Lanugo

The subcutaneous layer consists of

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

An autographed involves covering an injured area of skin with

Skin from an uninsured region of the patients

The nail plate is produced by

Specialized epithelial cells

A future treatment for baldness may potentially be

Stem cells

Melanomas appear most often in the skin of the trunk, especially in the back, or in the skin of the limbs

True

Synovial membrane's are composed primarily of connective tissuws

True

The function of melanocytes is to synthesize melanin , which protects underlying cells from the affects of ultraviolet light

True

The secretion of the sebaceous glands is called sebum

True

The skin is one of the largest organs in the body

True

Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: amount of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases

True

Typically, a melanoma spreads throughout the skin horizontally but can grow downward into the dermis and can even invade deeper tissues

True

Vasoconstriction, or construction of dermal blood vessels, is greater at 97.5°F van at 98.4°F

True

Carcinomas are rarer then melanomas and occur primarily and people who work indoors but occasionally experience blistering sunburn's during the weekend activity

false

The nerve fibers scattered throughout dermis are associated with

muscles, glands, sensory receptors

Primary means by which body heat is lost

radiation

Eccrine sweat glands

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

Melanocytes can transfer granules of melanin into nearby epithelial cells

True

An _____ is an example of a transplant within the same individual

Autograft

Which region are apportioned sweat glands most numerous

Axilla

When smooth muscle in the walls of the dermis contract

Body heat is conserved

Pressure ulcers are usually associated with skin overlying

Bony projections

Hair color is determined by the amount of keratin protein produced during keratinization

False

Epidermis is distinguished by being _____, whereas dermis is distinguished by being _____.

Composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue

The melanocytes in very dark skin

Contains single, large, pigmented granules

The means by which heat is lost from a warm surface to the air molecules circulating over it is

Convection

Shafts of hair are composed of

Dead epidermal cells

Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the

Dermis

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of epidermis to the surface they

Divide continually

Sweat functions to cool the body by

Evaporation

A burn that involves the epidermis only is called a deep partial thickness burn

False

Cyanosis is due to the presence of blood with an excessively high oxygen concentration

False

Body heat is lost by radiation by

Heat raise escaping to cooler surroundings

An ______ is an example of a transplant from person to person

Homograft

The condition in which the lanugo does not receive and persists is called

Hypertrichosis

By producing hormones like substances that influence the development of certain white blood cells, the skin plays a role in

Immunity

Injections that are administered into the tissues within the skin are called

Intradermal

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the production of

Melanin

When do hair follicles form

Month five of jestation

The nerve fibers in the dermis function to stimulate

Muscles and glands in the dermis

Skin cancer is most likely to develop from

Non-pigmented epithelial cells

The functions of skin include

Regulating body temperature

Cutaneous melanomas most commonly to be caused by

Relatively short exposure to high intensity sunlight

Acne is a disorder involving the

Sebaceous glands

Synovial membrane's function to

Secrete synovial fluid that lubricates the ends of bones at joints

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation greatly increases the risk of developing

Skin cancer

Which layer consists of a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis and includes pigment producing melanocytes

Stratum germinativum

I hair is distinguished from a hair follicle by

Strictly the position, with the hair being the center of the follicle

Burn that involves only the epidermis is called a

Superficial partial thickness burn

And treating a burn patient, the rule of nines is used to estimate

Surface area of the burn

What determines the color of skin

The amount of melanin produced by melanocytes

Carcinoma's appear most often in the skin of the neck, face, and scalp

True

Wire tattoos permanent if the dyes are injected into the dermis

The dermis is not shed

Tattoos are permanent because

The dyes are injected into the dermis

An example of a serous membrane is

The lining of the thorax

Epidermal cells that move up through the strata become very keratinized as they die due to lack of blood supply

True

Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who live outdoors all the time then in people who do not

True

Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperature because

They are sweat glands are replaced by fibrous tissue

A burn that destroys the dermis, epidermis, and accessory organs of the skin is called a full thickness burn, and the skin becomes dry and Leathery

True

And healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin

True

Bed sores are dead epidermal cells resulting from decreased blood supply to the affected region of the skin

True

Serous membranes are characterized by ______, whereas mucous membranes are characterized ______.

Whining body cavities that lack openings to the outside; lining body cavities and tubes opening to the outside

Membranes lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside

serous