Biology test 1
Why molecules of water will not pass through the semipermeable membrane
Parial charges blockage
Is the process of choosing the research participants from the population. Happens before the assignemnt
Random Sample
creates roughly similar groups by approximately balancing potentially confounding variables between the two groups.
Random assignment
Can determine causal relationship in that sample only. This design is where most experiments would fit.
Random assignment/Not random sampling
Can determine causal relationship in population. This design is relatively rare in the real world.
Random sampling/Random assignment
An online retailer wants to study whether more lenient return policies increase purchasing behaviors. They select a random sample of 200 customers who have made purchases in the past year. Half of the males are randomly assigned to the treatment group, and the other half are assigned to the control group. The same method is used to randomly assign half of the females to the treatment group and the other half to the control group. What type of experiment design is this?
Randomized block
the physisian does not know wheter or not the passient is taking the right pill neither does the passient
double blind
having low solute (low consentration)
hypotonic solution
TONE means
concentration
is the value that occurs most often. If no number in the list is repeated, then there is no ---- for the list.
mode
creates rougly similar groups by approximately balancing potentially confounding variables between the two groups
random assignent
are in all living organisms
Semipermeable membranes
Age, country they live, part of the country they live in, behavior, etc This in an experiment are known as what?
lurking variables
the subject does not know whether or not he is taking the right pill this is an example for?
blind experiment
Trying to establish causality.Understand how two parameters in a population might move together or not. Ex: you have a population of 1 thousand people. You want to know how the average time in the computer relates to peoples blood pressure. You ask the 1 thousand people how much time they spend on the computer and measure the blood pressure. Then you see if those data move together. You can not make a conclusion about causality. ( one variable causes another). Seeing if there if a correlation of two things)
observational study
water flowing through a semipermeable membrane The diffusion of water as a solvent
osmosis
Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until
particles are equally distributed in all areas of the solution.
Osmosis is a type of
passive transport
People in an experiment will often respond to any treatment at all, even a treatment that has no real therapeutic value. This is known as the__________
placebo effect
people in an experiment will often respond to any treatment at all, even treatment that has no therapeutic value.
placebo effect.
Hypertonic what happends to the cell (the actual name)
plasmolysis
is a microscope slide that has a specimen mounted on it
preserved slide
is a specimen in a jar or in plastic, not designed to be used on the microscope
preserved specimen/mounted specimen
In the modern six kingdom system, protozoans are now placed in the kingdom__________________
protista
An experiment should be able to be
repricable
A footwear company wants to test the effectiveness of its new insoles designed to prevent shin splints resulting from running. They hire a group of physical trainers and a statistician, who recruits 100 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 24 to participate in a study. The statistician randomly assigns 50 of the adults to follow a weekly running schedule with the new insoles and the other 50 to the same running schedule with the existing insoles the company already sells. After 10 weeks, the statistician records the number of runners from each group that have developed shin splints. Neither the participants or the researchers collecting the data knew which group had the new insoles and which group had the existing insoles.What is one reason for using this type of double-blind design?
It protects against some possible sources of bias.
Can detect relationships in that sample only, but cannot determine causality. This design is where many unscientific surveys and polls would fit.
No random assignment/Not random sampling
Can detect relationships in population, but cannot determine causality. This design is where many surveys and observational studies would fit.
No random assignment/Random sampling
When you are trying to estimate the value of a parameter for a population. Randomly sampling people from a population. Example: you want to know the average of how much time people spend in the computer, and you have a community of 1 thousand people, instead of asking everyone, what you do is select a group from those people and you ask them and average the results. Estimate a population parameter.
Sample study
is the force that water is fighting against
Gravity
The cell has a low amount of solute extracellularly and it wants to shift inside the cell to get everything back to normal via osmosis. This will cause CELL SWELLING which can cause the cell to burst or lyses.
Hypotonic solution
A footwear company wants to test the effectiveness of its new insoles designed to prevent shin splints resulting from running. They hire a group of physical trainers and a statistician, who recruits 100 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 24 to participate in a study. The statistician randomly assigns 50 of the adults to follow a weekly running schedule with the new insoles and the other 50 to the same running schedule with the existing insoles the company already sells. After 10 weeks, the statistician records the number of runners from each group that have developed shin splints. The researchers considered having one group use the new insoles and the other group use no insoles at all. Why might this design lead to confounding?
A difference between the two groups could be due to the placebo effect.
A certain disease is classified into 4 stages that distinguish how developed the disease is. Researchers studying a new potential treatment recruited over 100 patients with varying stages of the disease for their study. Half of the patients with stage 1 were randomly assigned to receive the new treatment, and other half of stage 1 patients received a placebo. A similar strategy was used for patients in each of the other stages. What type of experiment design is this?
A randomized block design with the stages as the blocks
the concentration of solutes in the paramecium is equal to outside the paramecium
Isotonic
protozoan were at one time classified in the kingdom ______________
Animalia
A footwear company wants to test the effectiveness of its new insoles designed to prevent shin splints resulting from running. They hire a group of physical trainers and a statistician, who recruits 100 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 24 to participate in a study. The statistician randomly assigns 50 of the adults to follow a weekly running schedule with the new insoles and the other 50 to the same running schedule with the existing insoles the company already sells. After 10 weeks, the statistician records the number of runners from each group that have developed shin splints. What is the primary purpose of randomly assigning the runners to use either the new or existing insoles?
It tends to create roughly similar groups.
Karina wants to determine if kale consumption has an effect on blood pressure. She recruits 100 households and randomly assigns each household to either a kale-free diet plan or a kale-based diet. At the end of two months, she plans to record the original and final blood pressures for members of each household What is the response variable(dependent variable)?
Change in blood pressure
each subject is randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups without extra consideration to other variables.
Completely randomized
are variables that the researcher failed to control, or eliminate, damaging the internal validity of an experiment
Confounding variables
equilibrium when the water is even in both sides , it moves across the semi permeable membrane but equaly
Dinamic
Karina wants to determine if kale consumption has an effect on blood pressure. She recruits 100 households and randomly assigns each household to either a kale-free diet plan or a kale-based diet. At the end of two months, she plans to record the original and final blood pressures for members of each household. What is the explanatory variable(independent variable)?
Kale consumption
You first place people into either the control or the treatment group, and then you do another round( switch the people, those who are in the control groop go to treatment, and those in tratment go to control) The first three months you have people in the treatment groop taking the pill, you see what happens to the A1C and then switch. In this way you have less likely to have lurking variables. This is an exaple of
Matched pairs
Karina wants to determine if kale consumption has an effect on blood pressure. She recruits 100 households and randomly assigns each household to either a kale-free diet plan or a kale-based diet. At the end of two months, she plans to record the original and final blood pressures for members of each household Who or what are the experimental units?
The households
Karina wants to determine if kale consumption has an effect on blood pressure. She recruits 100 households and randomly assigns each household to either a kale-free diet plan or a kale-based diet. At the end of two months, she plans to record the original and final blood pressures for members of each household What are the treatments?
The kale-based and kale-free diets
If you have a box with helium atoms, and there is more helium on the left than on the right, what will eventually happend?
There will be a net movement of helium atoms from left to right.
In an experiment in where 100 people have to take a pill in order to see if the pill works or not, if the pill does work it should help with diabetes, and we can see this in the ac1 levels. One group takes a placebo and the others take the real pill. The AC1 leves are the what?
dependent variable
Is the focus of a question in a study or experiment. It is a dependent variable. Is the focus of a question in a study or experiment
dependent variable
A footwear company wants to test the effectiveness of its new insoles designed to prevent shin splints resulting from running. They hire a group of physical trainers and a statistician, who recruits 100 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 24 to participate in a study. The statistician randomly assigns 50 of the adults to follow a weekly running schedule with the new insoles and the other 50 to the same running schedule with the existing insoles the company already sells. After 10 weeks, the statistician records the number of runners from each group that have developed shin splints. What is the primary purpose of having a group of 50 runners use the existing insoles?
They serve as a control group.
An animal cell has a 2% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution with a 0.05% salt concentration. What will happen to the animal cell?
Water will move into the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst.
A plant cell has a 5% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing a 12% salt concentration. What will happen to the plant cell?
Water will move out of the plant cell, causing it to shrivel.
_____________ refers to seven phyla also in the kigndom Protista and one group of organisms in the kingdom Eubacteria. They are often separated from the more animal like protozoans into their own subkigndom containing the plantlike protists.
algae
If you had, for example, 100 people and you have to split them to either control or treatment group, and you have 60 women and 40 men, you do _____________________ you spill the women and women equally in both groups
block design
__________________ between two events exists if the occurrence of the first causes the other. The first event is called the cause and the second event is called the effect.
causal relation
A correlation between two variables does not imply _______________
causation
each subject is randomly assigned to one of the treatment groops withouth extra consideration to other variables
completely randomized
how much you have of a particle per unit space
consentration
in an experiemnt you have a __________ group and a _______________group
control treatment
Hypotonic what happends to the cell(the actual name)
cytolysis
the spreading of the particles from high consentrations to low consentrations
diffusion
The basis of the scientific method. Are all about trying to establish causality. Ex: 100 people, you randomly assign them to two groups. You have a control group and a treatment group. You tell one group that they can only spend 30 min exactly on the computer and to the treatment groups 2hrs, you measure everyone blood pressure before the experiment take the average, you make them spend time in the computer and check their blood pressure.
experiment
the individuals on which the experiment is done
experimental units
Nutritionally, protozoans are____________ with some organisms having ____________ capabilities
heterotrophic photosynthetic
The movement of a solvent to a
higher concentration of solute
solutions go from _______ to ______
hypertonic , hypotonic
The cell has an excessive amount of solute extracellularly and osmosis is causing water to rush out of the cell intracellularly to the extracellular area which will cause the CELL TO SHRINK OR BURST
hypertonic solution
having to much of somethig in this case solute
hypertonic solution
In an experiment in where 100 people have to take a pill in order to see if the pill works or not, if the pill does work it should help with diabetes, and we can see this in the a1c levels. One group takes a placebo and the others take the real pill. whether or not you are taking the pill is the what?
independent variable
Is a type of independent variable. Is one that explains changes in that variable. It can be anything that might affect the response variable.
independent variable
The cell has the same concentration on the inside
isotonic
If you had water with a solute (water beeing the solvent), and more concentration of solute in the righhand side, it will go from
low solute concetration to high solute concentration
A professor wants to study the effectiveness of a new study tool for a course. There are 150 students registered for the course. The professor ranks the students according to cumulative average in the prerequisite course. For every 2 students, in order, from the list, the professor flips a coin to assign one student to use the new study tool and the other to use the previous study tool. what type of experiment design is this?
matched pairs design
The subjects were first put into pairs with another similar subject, and it was randomly determined which member of each pair used the explanatory variable
matched pairs design.
"average" where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers.
mean
is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. To find it, your numbers have to be listed in numerical order from smallest to largest, so you may have to rewrite your list before you can find it
median
each participant has equal chance of being placed into any group
random assignment
Subjects are assigned to blocks, based on gender. Then, within each block, subjects are randomly assigned to treatments With this, the experimenter divides subjects into subgroups called blocks, such that the variability within blocks is less than the variability between blocks. Then, subjects within each block are randomly assigned to treatment conditions. Compared to a completely randomized design, this design reduces variability within treatment conditions and potential confounding, producing a better estimate of treatment effects.
randomized block
A group of researchers wants to study the effect of listening to music at different volumes on driving reaction times. They recruit 100 volunteers. Half of the subjects with fewer than 10 years of driving experience are randomly assigned to take the test with one music volume, and the other half are assigned to take the test at the other music volume. The same method is used to randomly assign half of the drivers with at least 10years of driving experience to each testing condition. What type of experiment design is this?
randomized block design
Subjects were divided into groups based on gender before being randomly assigned. You could also do this with other variables such as age, experience, geographic location, etc.
randomized block design
allows somethings to go through and not other things
semipermeable membrane
the thig there is less of
solute
the combination of the solvent and solute
solution
the thing there is more of
solvent
The membrane has to be preamble to the _______ not the______
solvent solute
If we had equal concentration on both sides and a semipermeable membrane in the middle
the probability that one molecule of water will go to one side is equal to the probability of one particle to go from that side to the other
Which of the following molecules crosses through a semipermeable membrane during the process of osmosis?
water
More solute on the left side, less solute in the right, a semipermeable membrane in the middle, water being the solvent. how will water flow through the membrane?
water will move from rigt to left