Biology test 1

Why molecules of water will not pass through the semipermeable membrane

Parial charges blockage

Is the process of choosing the research participants from the population. Happens before the assignemnt

Random Sample

creates roughly similar groups by approximately balancing potentially confounding variables between the two groups.

Random assignment

Can determine causal relationship in that sample only. This design is where most experiments would fit.

Random assignment/Not random sampling

Can determine causal relationship in population. This design is relatively rare in the real world.

Random sampling/Random assignment

An online retailer wants to study whether more lenient return policies increase purchasing behaviors. They select a random sample of 200 customers who have made purchases in the past year. Half of the males are randomly assigned to the treatment group, and the other half are assigned to the control group. The same method is used to randomly assign half of the females to the treatment group and the other half to the control group. What type of experiment design is this?

Randomized block

the physisian does not know wheter or not the passient is taking the right pill neither does the passient

double blind

having low solute (low consentration)

hypotonic solution

TONE means

concentration

is the value that occurs most often. If no number in the list is repeated, then there is no ---- for the list.

mode

creates rougly similar groups by approximately balancing potentially confounding variables between the two groups

random assignent

are in all living organisms

Semipermeable membranes

Age, country they live, part of the country they live in, behavior, etc This in an experiment are known as what?

lurking variables

the subject does not know whether or not he is taking the right pill this is an example for?

blind experiment

Trying to establish causality.Understand how two parameters in a population might move together or not. Ex: you have a population of 1 thousand people. You want to know how the average time in the computer relates to peoples blood pressure. You ask the 1 thousand people how much time they spend on the computer and measure the blood pressure. Then you see if those data move together. You can not make a conclusion about causality. ( one variable causes another). Seeing if there if a correlation of two things)

observational study

water flowing through a semipermeable membrane The diffusion of water as a solvent

osmosis

Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until

particles are equally distributed in all areas of the solution.

Osmosis is a type of

passive transport

People in an experiment will often respond to any treatment at all, even a treatment that has no real therapeutic value. This is known as the__________

placebo effect

people in an experiment will often respond to any treatment at all, even treatment that has no therapeutic value.

placebo effect.

Hypertonic what happends to the cell (the actual name)

plasmolysis

is a microscope slide that has a specimen mounted on it

preserved slide

is a specimen in a jar or in plastic, not designed to be used on the microscope

preserved specimen/mounted specimen

In the modern six kingdom system, protozoans are now placed in the kingdom__________________

protista

An experiment should be able to be

repricable

A footwear company wants to test the effectiveness of its new insoles designed to prevent shin splints resulting from running. They hire a group of physical trainers and a statistician, who recruits 100 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 24 to participate in a study. The statistician randomly assigns 50 of the adults to follow a weekly running schedule with the new insoles and the other 50 to the same running schedule with the existing insoles the company already sells. After 10 weeks, the statistician records the number of runners from each group that have developed shin splints. Neither the participants or the researchers collecting the data knew which group had the new insoles and which group had the existing insoles.What is one reason for using this type of double-blind design?

It protects against some possible sources of bias.

Can detect relationships in that sample only, but cannot determine causality. This design is where many unscientific surveys and polls would fit.

No random assignment/Not random sampling

Can detect relationships in population, but cannot determine causality. This design is where many surveys and observational studies would fit.

No random assignment/Random sampling

When you are trying to estimate the value of a parameter for a population. Randomly sampling people from a population. Example: you want to know the average of how much time people spend in the computer, and you have a community of 1 thousand people, instead of asking everyone, what you do is select a group from those people and you ask them and average the results. Estimate a population parameter.

Sample study

is the force that water is fighting against

Gravity

The cell has a low amount of solute extracellularly and it wants to shift inside the cell to get everything back to normal via osmosis. This will cause CELL SWELLING which can cause the cell to burst or lyses.

Hypotonic solution

A footwear company wants to test the effectiveness of its new insoles designed to prevent shin splints resulting from running. They hire a group of physical trainers and a statistician, who recruits 100 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 24 to participate in a study. The statistician randomly assigns 50 of the adults to follow a weekly running schedule with the new insoles and the other 50 to the same running schedule with the existing insoles the company already sells. After 10 weeks, the statistician records the number of runners from each group that have developed shin splints. The researchers considered having one group use the new insoles and the other group use no insoles at all. Why might this design lead to confounding?

A difference between the two groups could be due to the placebo effect.

A certain disease is classified into 4 stages that distinguish how developed the disease is. Researchers studying a new potential treatment recruited over 100 patients with varying stages of the disease for their study. Half of the patients with stage 1 were randomly assigned to receive the new treatment, and other half of stage 1 patients received a placebo. A similar strategy was used for patients in each of the other stages. What type of experiment design is this?

A randomized block design with the stages as the blocks

the concentration of solutes in the paramecium is equal to outside the paramecium

Isotonic

protozoan were at one time classified in the kingdom ______________

Animalia

A footwear company wants to test the effectiveness of its new insoles designed to prevent shin splints resulting from running. They hire a group of physical trainers and a statistician, who recruits 100 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 24 to participate in a study. The statistician randomly assigns 50 of the adults to follow a weekly running schedule with the new insoles and the other 50 to the same running schedule with the existing insoles the company already sells. After 10 weeks, the statistician records the number of runners from each group that have developed shin splints. What is the primary purpose of randomly assigning the runners to use either the new or existing insoles?

It tends to create roughly similar groups.

Karina wants to determine if kale consumption has an effect on blood pressure. She recruits 100 households and randomly assigns each household to either a kale-free diet plan or a kale-based diet. At the end of two months, she plans to record the original and final blood pressures for members of each household What is the response variable(dependent variable)?

Change in blood pressure

each subject is randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups without extra consideration to other variables.

Completely randomized

are variables that the researcher failed to control, or eliminate, damaging the internal validity of an experiment

Confounding variables

equilibrium when the water is even in both sides , it moves across the semi permeable membrane but equaly

Dinamic

Karina wants to determine if kale consumption has an effect on blood pressure. She recruits 100 households and randomly assigns each household to either a kale-free diet plan or a kale-based diet. At the end of two months, she plans to record the original and final blood pressures for members of each household. What is the explanatory variable(independent variable)?

Kale consumption

You first place people into either the control or the treatment group, and then you do another round( switch the people, those who are in the control groop go to treatment, and those in tratment go to control) The first three months you have people in the treatment groop taking the pill, you see what happens to the A1C and then switch. In this way you have less likely to have lurking variables. This is an exaple of

Matched pairs

Karina wants to determine if kale consumption has an effect on blood pressure. She recruits 100 households and randomly assigns each household to either a kale-free diet plan or a kale-based diet. At the end of two months, she plans to record the original and final blood pressures for members of each household Who or what are the experimental units?

The households

Karina wants to determine if kale consumption has an effect on blood pressure. She recruits 100 households and randomly assigns each household to either a kale-free diet plan or a kale-based diet. At the end of two months, she plans to record the original and final blood pressures for members of each household What are the treatments?

The kale-based and kale-free diets

If you have a box with helium atoms, and there is more helium on the left than on the right, what will eventually happend?

There will be a net movement of helium atoms from left to right.

In an experiment in where 100 people have to take a pill in order to see if the pill works or not, if the pill does work it should help with diabetes, and we can see this in the ac1 levels. One group takes a placebo and the others take the real pill. The AC1 leves are the what?

dependent variable

Is the focus of a question in a study or experiment. It is a dependent variable. Is the focus of a question in a study or experiment

dependent variable

A footwear company wants to test the effectiveness of its new insoles designed to prevent shin splints resulting from running. They hire a group of physical trainers and a statistician, who recruits 100 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 24 to participate in a study. The statistician randomly assigns 50 of the adults to follow a weekly running schedule with the new insoles and the other 50 to the same running schedule with the existing insoles the company already sells. After 10 weeks, the statistician records the number of runners from each group that have developed shin splints. What is the primary purpose of having a group of 50 runners use the existing insoles?

They serve as a control group.

An animal cell has a 2% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution with a 0.05% salt concentration. What will happen to the animal cell?

Water will move into the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst.

A plant cell has a 5% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing a 12% salt concentration. What will happen to the plant cell?

Water will move out of the plant cell, causing it to shrivel.

_____________ refers to seven phyla also in the kigndom Protista and one group of organisms in the kingdom Eubacteria. They are often separated from the more animal like protozoans into their own subkigndom containing the plantlike protists.

algae

If you had, for example, 100 people and you have to split them to either control or treatment group, and you have 60 women and 40 men, you do _____________________ you spill the women and women equally in both groups

block design

__________________ between two events exists if the occurrence of the first causes the other. The first event is called the cause and the second event is called the effect.

causal relation

A correlation between two variables does not imply _______________

causation

each subject is randomly assigned to one of the treatment groops withouth extra consideration to other variables

completely randomized

how much you have of a particle per unit space

consentration

in an experiemnt you have a __________ group and a _______________group

control treatment

Hypotonic what happends to the cell(the actual name)

cytolysis

the spreading of the particles from high consentrations to low consentrations

diffusion

The basis of the scientific method. Are all about trying to establish causality. Ex: 100 people, you randomly assign them to two groups. You have a control group and a treatment group. You tell one group that they can only spend 30 min exactly on the computer and to the treatment groups 2hrs, you measure everyone blood pressure before the experiment take the average, you make them spend time in the computer and check their blood pressure.

experiment

the individuals on which the experiment is done

experimental units

Nutritionally, protozoans are____________ with some organisms having ____________ capabilities

heterotrophic photosynthetic

The movement of a solvent to a

higher concentration of solute

solutions go from _______ to ______

hypertonic , hypotonic

The cell has an excessive amount of solute extracellularly and osmosis is causing water to rush out of the cell intracellularly to the extracellular area which will cause the CELL TO SHRINK OR BURST

hypertonic solution

having to much of somethig in this case solute

hypertonic solution

In an experiment in where 100 people have to take a pill in order to see if the pill works or not, if the pill does work it should help with diabetes, and we can see this in the a1c levels. One group takes a placebo and the others take the real pill. whether or not you are taking the pill is the what?

independent variable

Is a type of independent variable. Is one that explains changes in that variable. It can be anything that might affect the response variable.

independent variable

The cell has the same concentration on the inside

isotonic

If you had water with a solute (water beeing the solvent), and more concentration of solute in the righhand side, it will go from

low solute concetration to high solute concentration

A professor wants to study the effectiveness of a new study tool for a course. There are 150 students registered for the course. The professor ranks the students according to cumulative average in the prerequisite course. For every 2 students, in order, from the list, the professor flips a coin to assign one student to use the new study tool and the other to use the previous study tool. what type of experiment design is this?

matched pairs design

The subjects were first put into pairs with another similar subject, and it was randomly determined which member of each pair used the explanatory variable

matched pairs design.

"average" where you add up all the numbers and then divide by the number of numbers.

mean

is the "middle" value in the list of numbers. To find it, your numbers have to be listed in numerical order from smallest to largest, so you may have to rewrite your list before you can find it

median

each participant has equal chance of being placed into any group

random assignment

Subjects are assigned to blocks, based on gender. Then, within each block, subjects are randomly assigned to treatments With this, the experimenter divides subjects into subgroups called blocks, such that the variability within blocks is less than the variability between blocks. Then, subjects within each block are randomly assigned to treatment conditions. Compared to a completely randomized design, this design reduces variability within treatment conditions and potential confounding, producing a better estimate of treatment effects.

randomized block

A group of researchers wants to study the effect of listening to music at different volumes on driving reaction times. They recruit 100 volunteers. Half of the subjects with fewer than 10 years of driving experience are randomly assigned to take the test with one music volume, and the other half are assigned to take the test at the other music volume. The same method is used to randomly assign half of the drivers with at least 10years of driving experience to each testing condition. What type of experiment design is this?

randomized block design

Subjects were divided into groups based on gender before being randomly assigned. You could also do this with other variables such as age, experience, geographic location, etc.

randomized block design

allows somethings to go through and not other things

semipermeable membrane

the thig there is less of

solute

the combination of the solvent and solute

solution

the thing there is more of

solvent

The membrane has to be preamble to the _______ not the______

solvent solute

If we had equal concentration on both sides and a semipermeable membrane in the middle

the probability that one molecule of water will go to one side is equal to the probability of one particle to go from that side to the other

Which of the following molecules crosses through a semipermeable membrane during the process of osmosis?

water

More solute on the left side, less solute in the right, a semipermeable membrane in the middle, water being the solvent. how will water flow through the membrane?

water will move from rigt to left