Ch. 6: Bone

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Which of the following happens closest to the diaphysis of a bone that is growing in length?

Calcified cartilage is replaced

All bone growth completely stops by the end of adolescence.

False

Hematopoiesis occurs in both the red and yellow marrow of bones.

False

The epiphyseal plate is a layer of compact bone from which longitudinal growth occurs.

False

Which of the following events does NOT happen during endochondral ossification?

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts

Bone is the most important storehouse in the body for minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts.

True

The predominant ingredient of the inorganic matrix is calcium salts, with the majority existing as large molecules of hydroxyapatite crystals.

True

The process of ossification begins at a primary ossification center in both intramembranous and endochondral ossification.

True

The ribs and sternum are classified as flat bones because they are thin and broad.

True

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a congenital bone disease caused by a collagen deficiency. Which of the following would be a symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta? Osteogenesis imperfecta is a congenital bone disease caused by a collagen deficiency. Which of the following would be a symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta?

brittle bones

Bone deposition involves __________.

calcification

Bone is the most important storehouse in the body for:

calcium

What accounts for the majority of bone (osseous) tissue matrix?

calcium salts

What canals connect lacunae together?

canaliculi

The layers of bone tissue immediately deep to the periosteum are:

circumferential lamellae

The major organic component of bone extracellular matrix is __________.

collagen

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

communication

Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as:

hematopoiesis

What is the function of red bone marrow?

hematopoiesis

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

hyaline cartilage

Whose bone marrow is mostly red?

infants

Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.

intramembranous ossification

How would the removal of hydroxyapatite crystals from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

more flexible

What is the last process to occur in the epiphyseal plate?

ossification

What prompts the closure of the epiphyseal plate around age 18-21?

ossification of the zone of proliferation

A radiograph reveals epiphyseal lines in the long bones of a 12-year-old's hand. Which of the following statements is correct?

ossified and further growth in length is not possible

The small, fluid-filled cavity occupied by an osteocyte is called a(n):

lacuna

Small cavities that are located between lamellae and contain osteocytes are called __________.

lacunae

What cells contribute to the process of calcification during intramembranous ossification?

osteoblasts

Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?

osteoblasts

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

osteoclast

The large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption are called __________.

osteoclasts

Osteoblasts are to bone deposition as

osteoclasts are to bone resorption

Relatively inactive bone cells that help to maintain the ECM are

osteocytes

Cells that develop into osteoblasts are:

osteogenic cells

Branching "ribs" of bone present in spongy bone are known as:

trabeculae

Which of the following are NOT components of an osteon?

trabeculae

The function of yellow bone marrow is:

triglyceride storage

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the skeletal system?

vitamin storage and fluid homeostasis

Correctly order the following key steps in the process of endochondral ossification. 1. Chondrocytes die. 2. Osteoblasts build the bone collar on the external surface of the bone. 3. Perichondrium is invaded by blood vessels. 4. In the primary ossification center, osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with early spongy bone. 5. Perichondrial cells differentiate into osteogenic cells then into osteoblasts.

3, 5, 2, 1, 4

Appositional growth produces:

Appositional growth produces: growth in width

Why are collagen fibers a critical component of bone?

Collagen fibers help bone resist torsion

The type of fracture depicted in the figure is __________.

a comminuted fracture

Why is articular cartilage necessary for long bones?

allows bones to rub together

As a result of the increase of testosterone at puberty for males:

appositional bone growth increases

What type of bone growth do you think a 40-year-old male experiences?

appositional growth

Which of the following persists for life?

articular cartilage

Which statement best describes primary bone?

contains abundant osteocytes

Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the:

diaphysis

The long, tubular shaft of a long bone is called __________.

diaphysis

Secondary ossification centers are characteristic of:

endochondral ossification

Thin, broad bones should be classified as:

flat bones

Appositional growth allows bones to __________.

grow in width

The structural units of mature compact bone are called:

osteons

Which of the following hormones does NOT cause bone growth?

parathyroid hormone

The type of bone that has irregularly arranged collagen bundles, abundant osteocytes, and little inorganic matrix, is classified as __________.

primary bone

What is NOT an effect of growth hormone?

promotes the closure of the epiphyseal plate

The type of bone that has fully formed lamellae with regularly arranged collagen bundles and a higher percentage of inorganic matrix is classified as __________.

secondary bone

Bones located within tendons, such as the patella, are called __________.

sesamoid bones

How are carpals and tarsals classified by shape?

short bones

Predict the effect of growth hormone deficiency during childhood.

short stature

Intramembranous ossification occurs in:

skull bones

Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?

zone of proliferation


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