Ch. 6: Bone
Which of the following happens closest to the diaphysis of a bone that is growing in length?
Calcified cartilage is replaced
All bone growth completely stops by the end of adolescence.
False
Hematopoiesis occurs in both the red and yellow marrow of bones.
False
The epiphyseal plate is a layer of compact bone from which longitudinal growth occurs.
False
Which of the following events does NOT happen during endochondral ossification?
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Bone is the most important storehouse in the body for minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts.
True
The predominant ingredient of the inorganic matrix is calcium salts, with the majority existing as large molecules of hydroxyapatite crystals.
True
The process of ossification begins at a primary ossification center in both intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
True
The ribs and sternum are classified as flat bones because they are thin and broad.
True
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a congenital bone disease caused by a collagen deficiency. Which of the following would be a symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta? Osteogenesis imperfecta is a congenital bone disease caused by a collagen deficiency. Which of the following would be a symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta?
brittle bones
Bone deposition involves __________.
calcification
Bone is the most important storehouse in the body for:
calcium
What accounts for the majority of bone (osseous) tissue matrix?
calcium salts
What canals connect lacunae together?
canaliculi
The layers of bone tissue immediately deep to the periosteum are:
circumferential lamellae
The major organic component of bone extracellular matrix is __________.
collagen
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
communication
Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as:
hematopoiesis
What is the function of red bone marrow?
hematopoiesis
What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?
hyaline cartilage
Whose bone marrow is mostly red?
infants
Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.
intramembranous ossification
How would the removal of hydroxyapatite crystals from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?
more flexible
What is the last process to occur in the epiphyseal plate?
ossification
What prompts the closure of the epiphyseal plate around age 18-21?
ossification of the zone of proliferation
A radiograph reveals epiphyseal lines in the long bones of a 12-year-old's hand. Which of the following statements is correct?
ossified and further growth in length is not possible
The small, fluid-filled cavity occupied by an osteocyte is called a(n):
lacuna
Small cavities that are located between lamellae and contain osteocytes are called __________.
lacunae
What cells contribute to the process of calcification during intramembranous ossification?
osteoblasts
Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?
osteoblasts
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
osteoclast
The large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption are called __________.
osteoclasts
Osteoblasts are to bone deposition as
osteoclasts are to bone resorption
Relatively inactive bone cells that help to maintain the ECM are
osteocytes
Cells that develop into osteoblasts are:
osteogenic cells
Branching "ribs" of bone present in spongy bone are known as:
trabeculae
Which of the following are NOT components of an osteon?
trabeculae
The function of yellow bone marrow is:
triglyceride storage
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the skeletal system?
vitamin storage and fluid homeostasis
Correctly order the following key steps in the process of endochondral ossification. 1. Chondrocytes die. 2. Osteoblasts build the bone collar on the external surface of the bone. 3. Perichondrium is invaded by blood vessels. 4. In the primary ossification center, osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with early spongy bone. 5. Perichondrial cells differentiate into osteogenic cells then into osteoblasts.
3, 5, 2, 1, 4
Appositional growth produces:
Appositional growth produces: growth in width
Why are collagen fibers a critical component of bone?
Collagen fibers help bone resist torsion
The type of fracture depicted in the figure is __________.
a comminuted fracture
Why is articular cartilage necessary for long bones?
allows bones to rub together
As a result of the increase of testosterone at puberty for males:
appositional bone growth increases
What type of bone growth do you think a 40-year-old male experiences?
appositional growth
Which of the following persists for life?
articular cartilage
Which statement best describes primary bone?
contains abundant osteocytes
Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the:
diaphysis
The long, tubular shaft of a long bone is called __________.
diaphysis
Secondary ossification centers are characteristic of:
endochondral ossification
Thin, broad bones should be classified as:
flat bones
Appositional growth allows bones to __________.
grow in width
The structural units of mature compact bone are called:
osteons
Which of the following hormones does NOT cause bone growth?
parathyroid hormone
The type of bone that has irregularly arranged collagen bundles, abundant osteocytes, and little inorganic matrix, is classified as __________.
primary bone
What is NOT an effect of growth hormone?
promotes the closure of the epiphyseal plate
The type of bone that has fully formed lamellae with regularly arranged collagen bundles and a higher percentage of inorganic matrix is classified as __________.
secondary bone
Bones located within tendons, such as the patella, are called __________.
sesamoid bones
How are carpals and tarsals classified by shape?
short bones
Predict the effect of growth hormone deficiency during childhood.
short stature
Intramembranous ossification occurs in:
skull bones
Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?
zone of proliferation
