Ch 6 Mastering Bio 160

Cellular respiration accomplishes two major processes: (1) it breaks glucose down into smaller molecules, and (2) it harvests the chemical energy released and stores it in ATP molecules. By the end of _____, the breakdown of glucose is complete; most ATPmolecules are produced during _____.

the Citric Acid cycle ... electron transport

Which part(s) of cellular respiration take(s) place in the mitochondria?

the Citric Acid cycleand the electron transport chain

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Sunlight is essential for the varied life on Earth. Sunlight provides energy to photosynthetic organisms by providing _____.

the energy necessary to power the rearrangement of chemical bonds

Oxidative phosphorylation could not occur without glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, because _____.

these two stages supply the electrons needed for the electron transport chain

NADH and FADH 2 are important in cellular respiration because they deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport system. Electron transport produces _____ ATP molecule(s) per NADH molecule and _____ ATP molecules(s) perFADH 2 molecule.

three ... two

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly generates ATP during a chemical reaction. As a single molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen, how many molecules of ATP are made by substrate-level phosphorylation?

4 ATP

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?

ATP

The energy released from the redox reactions in the electron transport chain is used by the cell to make _____

ATP

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?

aerobic respiration

In yeast cells,

alcohol is produced after glycolysis.

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after completing electron transport but prior to chemiosmosis, you would find the pH of a mitochondrion to be at its lowest

in the intermembrane space.

After glycolysis but before the citric acid cycle,

pyruvate is oxidized.

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

In the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle), ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.

10

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

2

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

FADH2

In cellular respiration, organic molecules become oxidized as _______ picks up electrons and H+ and becomes reduced to NADH.

NAD+

In fermentation, ________ is ________.

NADH . . . oxidized

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in

NADH.

In cellular respiration, glucose becomes _____ to carbon dioxide (CO2) as it loses electrons (in hydrogen atoms).

Oxidized

NADH delivers electrons to an electron transport chain, which passes the electrons through carrier molecules in a series of redox reactions to the final electron acceptor, ______

Oxygen

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.

Oxygen

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons after they are stripped from glucose.

In cellular respiration, oxygen becomes ______ to water (H2O) as it gains electrons (in hydrogen atoms) that came from glucose.

Reduced

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

They produce ATP.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

During cellular respiration, NADH

delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.

The transfer of _______from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction, or redox reaction.

electrons

Pyruvate

forms at the end of glycolysis.

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

glycolysis

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis

The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that

increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes.

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction _____

loses electrons and loses energy

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.

oxidative phosphorylation

In electron transport, high-energy electrons "fall" to oxygen through a series of reactions. The energy released is used to _____.

transport protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, where they become concentrated. They then flow back out into the the inner compartment (matrix) of the mitochodria. On the way back, protons turn ATP synthase turbines and produce ATP.