Ch 6

2.) How long did Rome last, in the west?

1,000 Years. (First 500 were republic, 2nd 500 were empire).

3.) What is your text's estimate of the number of Christians, in the Roman Empire by A.D. 50? By A.D. 350?

1,400 in AD 50. 33,882,008 in AD 350.

What were the years of Augustus' rule?

27 BC-AD 14

5.) When did the ancestors of the Romans migrate into the Italian Peninsula?

800 BC

3.) How does your text describe the shape of the Italian Peninsula?

A boot jutting out into the Mediterranian Sea.

Year?

AD 378

5.) What city remained a great center of learning from the Hellenistic era to Roman times?

Alexandria, Egypt

4.) What did Augustus create to execute policy and enforce Roman law?

An efficient, well trained civil service.

6.) Identify and describe the Aeneid.

An epic poem that tried to show that Rome's past was heroic as that of Greece

1.) After conquering the Italian Peninsula, where did Rome begin to build an empire?

Around the Mediterranean Sea.

Roman religious tolerance was conditional upon what specific requirements?

As long as citizens showed loyalty by honouring Roman gods such as Jupiter and Mars, and by accepting the divinity of the emperor, they were allowed to worship as they pleased.

What was its status within the empire, at this time?

At first, Christianity was one of many religions practiced in the empire.

1.) What titles did the Senate "give" Octavian following his defeat of Antony and Cleopatra and his assumption of sole control of all Roman legions?

Augustus

And yet what was his true level of power?

Augustus exercised absolute power and named his successor, just as a king would do.

5.) Identify and describe the Battle of Adrianople?

Battle where a Roman army tried to turn back the Visigoths at Adrianople, and suffered a stunning defeat.

Why is it said the conflict between Rome and this Mediterranean power was inevitable?

Because Rome would also spread into the Mediterranean.

4.) What were some of the geographic advantages of the Italian Peninsula, which benefited the Romans?

Because of its geography, Italy proved much easier to unify than Greece. Unlike Greece, Italy is not broken into small, isolated valleys. In addition, the Apennine Mountains, which run down the length of the Italian Peninsula, are less rugged than the mountains of Greece. Finally, Italy has broad, fertile plains in the north and west. These plains supported the growing population.

When did these wars occur?

Between 264 and 146 B.C.

3.) What type of culture emerges as Roman civilization spreads (remember cultural diffusion can go both ways)?

Blend of Roman, Greek, and Hellenistic Culture

4.) Identify and describe aqueducts.

Bridge like stone structures that carried water from the hills into Roman cities.

How was this bureaucracy different?

Bureaucracy was through royal officials.

How did aristocratic Roman women gain respect?

By supporting the arts or paying for public festivals.

2.) After Rome establishes its dominance on the Italian Peninsula, it begins to expand into the Mediterranean Sea, with what older power will this expansion put Rome in conflict?

Carthage

4.) Review the text chart. Compare the growth of Christianity, by A.D. 325 to A.D. 476.

Christianity grew to almost the whole Roman empire by AD 476.

2.) How did Christianity affect the Roman Empire?

Christianity reshaped Roman beliefs.

What is the derivation of this term? Explain!

Comes from the Latin word, "Punicus," meaning "Phoenician." Phoenician war.

4.) How did the general condition of Roman women change, from the days of the early Republic to the later periods of Roman history?

During the early republic, women had few rights. Later, they gained more freedom.

1.) In the time frame of the Roman Empire, when did Christianity begin?

Early in the Pax Romana

What new era began?

Empire

What were the two foundations of Roman life?

Family and Religious practice.

4.) Generally speaking, how did Rome deal with diverse religious traditions?

Generally Rome tolerated these varied religious traditions.

1.) What groups had been attacking the frontiers of the Roman Empire for centuries?

Germanic people

5.) What is the term used to describe the blending of Greek, Hellenistic and Roman cultures?

Greco-Roman

4.) What was the observation of the Roman poet Horace?

Greece has conquered her rude conqueror

How was this process similar to that of ancient Greece?

Greek got Egypt and Fertile Crescent culture where Romans got Greek and Hellenistic culture.

5.) What is the name of the Carthaginian general who will lead their attempt to gain revenge for the First Punic War?

Hannibal

What was the extent of their authority?

He had absolute authority.

3.) What policies and reforms did Augustus implement to help Rome recover from the decades of civil war?

He laid the foundation for a stable government, helping Rome to recover from its endless civil wars.

How did the Romans view Greek achievements in art, math, science, philosophy, mathematics and literature?

Height of culture achievement

3.) What was the status of women within the Roman household?

His wife was subject to his authority and was not allowed to administer her affairs.

What is the status of Christianity, within the Roman Empire by A.D. 395?

It was the official religion of the Roman Empire.

What force held them in check?

Its legions on the frontiers

2.) Who were the first Christians?

Jews

Where did this effort take place at first?

Judea

What title did Octavian avoid?

King

What was the name of this tribal group?

Latins

What did he hope to achieve with this great work?

Linked Home's work about telling Argus escaped from the Trojan. War and formed Rome.

1.) What type of sculptures are visible in the "Altar of Augustan Peace," from the photo inside a museum in Rome today?

Marble

What are the definitions and derivations of the words Messiah and Christ?

Messiah and Christ both mean "anointed one." Messiah-comes from the Hebrew word Messiah, meaning "anointed." Christ-comes from the Greek word "cristos," meaning "anointed."

How did it expand?

Others traveled to the communities of the Jewish diaspara, including Rome.

3.) Who is perhaps most responsible for the growth of Christianity, beyond the confines of the Jewish community?

Paul

According to Paul's own writings, what accounts for the dramatic change, in his attitude towards Christianity?

Paul had a vison in which Jesus spoke to him.

Why is it ironic that this person should have played such a key role in the expansion of Christianity?

Paul had never met Jesus. In fact, he was among those who persecuted Christians.

5.) What is the legacy of Paul?

Paul's missionary work set Christianity on the road to becoming a world religion.

5.) How did Roman expansion affect Roman religious traditions?

People came into contact with different religious traditions, including those in Egypt and the Fertile Crescent.

Besides the obvious, what other purpose was served by the Roman public baths?

People would hear the latest news and gossip.

What were the origins of this older power and what was the extent of its Mediterranean empire?

Phoenician traders and Carthage ruled over a vast trading empire that stretched across North Africa and the Western Mediterranean, including parts of Spain.

2.) What is the name of the famous Roman aqueduct in France, pictured here and in your text?

Pont du Gard

3.) Identify and describe the Praetorian Guard.

Praetorian Guards were skilled and loyal bodyguards who protected generals during the time of the late Republic. Later, they became an elite bodyguard for Roman emperors.

4.) What is the term for the wars fought between Rome and Carthage?

Punic Wars.

Identify and describe mystery religions.

Religions that emphasized secret rituals.

2.) What Roman era ended with the rise of Augustus Caesar (Octavian)?

Republic

4.) Facing growing economic and political problems within the Empire, how did Rome respond to the increased pressure on its frontiers?

Roman legions pulled back from the Borderlands.

What are some examples of Roman engineering excellence?

Roman roads were so solidly built that many remained in use long after Rome fell.

Who invented this principle?

Romans

Why?

Romans had avoided the title "King" since Etruscan times.

According to tradition where did the Apostle Peter go?

Rome

1.) What are the origins of Rome?

Rome rose from a small city-state on the Italian peninsula.

What did Rome gain from its victory in the first Punic War?

Rome won the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia.

Who is getting kicked and to where?

Sicily is being kicked towards Africa.

Why were most people willing to accept these requirements?

Since most people were polytheistic, they were content to worship the Roman gods alongside their own.

What types of business activities did some Roman women manage?

Small shops to majour shipyards.

Why did he leave the Senate intact?

So he could create an efficient, well trained civil service to enforce the laws.

What architectural principle enables such a magnificent structure?

The 3 tiers of arches

What is the name of the mountain range that runs the length of the Italian peninsula, like a spine?

The Apennine Mountains.

Where is Rome on this peninsula?

The Centre of it.

Identify and describe the tribe which migrated out of Central Asia, pushing into Eastern Europe by 370 A.D.

The Huns are nomadic people who migrated from Central Asia toward Eastern Europe, which they reached by 370 AD.

What will emerge from the "rubble" of a Republic crushed by internal division?

The Roman Empire and a new chapter in Rome's long history.

1.) How would you describe the cultural relationship between the Greeks and Romans, in the context of science and technology?

The Romans generally left scientific research to the Greeks, who were citizens of the Roman Empire.

3.) Define engineering.

The application of Science and Mathematics to develop structures and machines.

How were they described, at their peak?

The dominant power in the Mediterranian world.

1.) What was the basic unit of Roman society?

The family.

Describe the ideal for Roman woman.

The ideal Roman women was loving, dutiful, dignified, and strong.

2.) Who was typically the head of a Roman household?

The male.

What is one of the more important lasting effects of Rome?

The spread of important aspects of the civilizations of Greece, Egypt, and the Fertile Crescent into Europe.

What was the consequence of this migration?

These skilled riders fought fierce battles to dislodge the Germanic people in their path.

How did some of these Germanic tribes change over time?

They became allies.

5.) What important economic right had Roman women gained in later Roman times?

They could own property, and, in later Roman times, woman from all classes can run a variety of businesses.

How would you compare their status in later Roman times to that of the women of Greece?

They played a larger role in society than did Greek women.

1.) After the death (and resurrection if you are a Christian) of Jesus what did the Apostles and his other disciples do?

They spread his message.

2.) How did wars, as early as 200 A.D. in Eastern Asia, set in motion a chain of events that would contribute to the fall of Rome?

They'd overwhelm Rome.

What were the consequences of this effort?

This expansion brought great riches but created conflicts that divided Roman society and weakened and finally crushed the Republic.

What method does your text forget to mention?

Trade

Examples.

Under pressure from attacks, Rome had to withdraw its legions, first from Britan, then from France and Spain.

Who was the author?

Virgil

3.) What Germanic tribes will be displaced by the Huns and seek refuge in Roman territory?

Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and other Germanic people.

2.) How was Roman civilization spread?

War and conquest

How was water distributed once it reached a Roman city?

Wealthy homes piped in water. Almost every city had public baths for men and women.

What key role did the Christian Church play following the "Fall of Rome," in the West?

When the Roman Empire fell, the Christian church took over much of its role, becoming the central institution of Western civilization for nearly 1,000 years.

Examples?

While Greek scientists and mathematicians sought to learn more about the world, the Romans put science to practical use. They used Greek principles to construct roads and bridges and to make advances in medical care.