ch. 7 end of chapter quiz

ZAK, BOL, GID, YAF and other nonsense syllables were used in some of the earliest studies of memory, conducted by a. Herman Ebbinghaus b. herman von helmholtz c. arnold swanson c. Martin barre

a. Herman Ebbinghaus

That frustrating feeling of knowing you know something but cannot pull it out of your brain at the moment you want it is known as the TOT phenomenon because ______________ a. TOT stands for "tip-of-the-tongue" b. TOT stands for too old to think c. it primarily happens to very young children for "tots" d. it was identified by the research team of Tattinger, Osprey, and Thomas

a. TOT stands for "tip-of-the-tongue"

More than 300 convicted prisoners to date have been released because DNA evidence showed they were innocent, despite confident testimony from ____________ a. eyewitnesses b. psychologists c. forensic specialists d. prosecutors

a. eyewitnesses

Dee Dee has to remember 4 items that he needs at the corner market, so he visualizes the path he will take to get there. He imagines a bar of soap hanging from a large tree, envisions a roll of paper towels next to a spotlight, "sees" a packet of a gum on the newspaper rack, and imagines the fire hydrant spurting out soda. Which memory strategy is Dee Dee relying on? a. method of loci b. keyword technique c. means-ends analysis d. pegword technique

a. method of loci

Which of the following is one of the three processes of memory? a. retrieval b. schema c. pegword d. literacy

a. retrieval

In Elizabeth Loftus's "lost in the mall" study, approximately what percentage of people distinctly remembered being lost in a shopping mall after being told that this had happened to them, even though it did not really happen? a. 67% b. 25% c. 32% d. 10%

b. 25%

Unintentional plagiarism has been attributed to ____________, which occurs when someone says they forgot having been exposed to the plagiarized material earlier and thought they had created it themselves a. monitoring failure b. cyptomnesia c. misinformation effect d. suggested memory

b. cyptomnesia

________ allows you to remember auditory stimuli for up to 5 or 10 seconds a. eidetic memory b. echoic memory c. recovered memory d. iconic memory

b. echoic memory

There are various techniques available to help people improve their ability to recall material. For example, when you remember something new by connecting it mentally to something you already know, you are using __________. a. levels of processing b. a mnemonic device c. elaborative rehearsal d. distributed study

c. elaborative rehearsal

What is the general progression of memory loss for patients with Alzheimer's disease? a. memory loss is random, haphazard, and unpredictable. b. short-term memory disappears within a month of diagnosis c. memory for recent events fades first, with distant memories usually being the last to go d. older memories are more easily corrupted, whereas recent memories remain intact

c. memory for recent events fades first, with distant memories usually being the last to go

A memory that is actually false but "feels real" and can be triggered by, for example, looking at a list of associated words, is called a(n) ____________ a. representative heuristic b. active reconstruction c. memory illusion d. paradoxical memory

c. memory illusion

Psychologists measure people's memory abilities by assessing three capacities; ________________ a. recall, retrieval, and reconstruction b. relearning, receptivity, and retrieval c. recall, recognition, and relearning d. retrieval, recall, and relearning

c. recall, recognition, and relearning

Which of the following describes the term "schema"? a. a learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall b. the process of getting information into our memory banks c. the process of keeping information in memory d. an organized knowledge structure or mental model that we have stored in memory

d. an organized knowledge structure or mental model that we have stored in memory

Without even noticing that you are doing it, what memory technique do you use to remember larger quantities of information, even though your short-term memory capacity only holds about nine bits of information a. elaborative rehearsal b. the Magic Number technique c. depth of processing d. chunking

d. chunking

The two primary reasons why short-term memories fade are _________ and __________. a. reversal; proaction b. substitution; migration c. intrusion; obstruction d. decay; interference

d. decay; interference

When we have encountered a stimulus before, we are able to identify it more quickly and easily. The term for this subtype of implicit memory is _________. a. conditioning b. habituation c. sensitization d. priming

d. priming

Although using _____________ can sometimes lead to mistakes, they provide us with frame of reference for interpreting new situations a. storage menus b. dismbiguation tables c. interpretive expectations d. schemas

d. schemas

Although it is presented as the most common kind of memory loss in the popular media, with depictions of someone losing all memory of his or her past, ____________ is not actually the most common kind of amnesia a. generalized amnesia b. retrograde amnesia c. infantile amnesia d. anterograde amnesia

a. generalized amnesia

George Sperling's partial report method studies from the 1960s demonstrated that when a display of 12 letters was viewed, participants retained all of the letters in _______ but not all lof them could be transferred to short-term memory. a. sensory memory b. semantic memory c. episodic memory d. explicit memory

a. sensory memory

When we are not sure where a memory really came from ("Did it actually happen? Or was it all a dream?") we can use cues such as how vivid and detailed the memory is to determine the answer. the process is called ____________ a. source monitoring b. considered recollection c. initial recollection d. cyptomnesia

a. source monitoring

Which of the following statements is true? a. it is nearly impossible to implant a false memory in a person, unless the person is high in suggestibility b. it is easier to implant a false memory that is plausible than one that is implausible. c. it is easier to implant a false memory from the recent past than a false memory from the distant past d. recovering repressed memories is like rewinding a videorecording of one's life events

b. it is easier to implant a false memory that is plausible than one that is implausible.

Over time, children develop greater knowledge of their own memory abilities and limitations. The term used to describe this is __________. a. comprehension b. meta-memory c. habituation d. learning

b. meta-memory

Our memory for how to do things is called ________ a. mnemonic memory b. procedural memory c. explicit memory d. semantic memory

b. procedural memory

Zhenya remembers that St. Paul is the capital of Minnesota. Alina remembers that she lived in St. Paul when she was 12 years old. Zhenya is demonstrating ___________ memory, whereas Alina is demonstrating ______________ memory a. semantic; procedural b. semantic; episodic c. episodic; semantic d. procedural; semantic

b. semantic; episodic

The connections among neurons gradually strengthen over time, and do so by means of repetitive stimulation. This process is known as _____________ a. connective synchrony b. long-term potentiation c. lateral processing d. elaborative rehearsal

c. lateral processing