Ch. 8-Ch.10

The balance between the soft and hard dimensions in the environment depends on the ______. Multiple choice question. A. weather B. availability of materials C. age of the child D. skills of the teacher

C. age of the child

Ch.10

Ch.10

Ch.8

Ch.8

The groups in school-age child care environments grow drastically when ______. Multiple choice question. A. providers service a mixed-age group B. family child care homes care for them C. school starts, and children go off to classes D. school is out, and rest of the children arrive

D. school is out, and rest of the children arrive

group time

a period during which children come together to participate in some specially planned activities, such as singing, storytelling, movement activities, or discussions. The content, duration, and frequency of group time (sometimes called "circle time") vary according to the children's age and developmental needs

early childhood culture

the culture (largely unrecognized) that results from early childhood training. It is related to the dominant culture of the society but not exactly like it

home culture

the family life of a child, which encompasses cultural beliefs, goals, and values- including how they play out in child-rearing practices

full inclusion

A concept that goes beyond simply including children with special needs into whatever setting is the natural environment of their typically developing peers. Full inclusion means that such children, regardless of their disability or challenge, are always integrated into a natural environment and that services are as culturally normative as possible.

natural environment

A setting (such as a home or early care and education program) where children with disabilities will find their typically developing peers. A natural environment can be defined by the fact that it will continue to exist whether or not children with disabilities are there.

True or false: Caregiving can promote learning and development in each of the following domains: aesthetic, cognitive, emotional, language, physical, and social. True false question. True False

True

Which of the following are creative solutions for helping children with special feeing needs? Multiple select question. A. Gently rub the child's back while he is attempting to swallow. B. Puree the child's food if she can't chew well. C. Use a gum massager to "wake up" the mouth of the child. D. Dim the lights so the child starts to associate feeding with sleeping.

B. Puree the child's food if she can't chew well C. Use a gum massager to "wake up" the mouth of the child

What is a major reason that children are confined indoors? Multiple choice question. A. Weather B. Safety C. Special needs D. Global warming

B. Safety

gross-motor spaces

indoor and outdoor areas specifically designed for gross-motor skill building and/or vigorous play involving large-muscle activities, such as running, stretching, climbing, jumping, rolling, swinging, ball throwing, and (in the case of older children) game playing.

What does the category of gross-motor learning include? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Nature activities B. Vigorous exercise C. Ball throwing D. Skill building

B. Vigorous exercise C. Ball throwing D. Skill building

Environment planning should be guided by the concept of ______. Multiple choice question. A. surround care B. the "whole child" C. the play space D. outside voice

B. the "whole child"

What can adults do best to help children when the children get bored? Multiple choice question. A. Convey the message to the children that nothing stays the same for long. B. Increase the amount of stimulus provided to the children. C. Allow the children to go deeper into their explorations and activities. D. Move the children on from one thing to another quickly.

C. Allow the children to go deeper into their explorations and activities

Which of the following are factors in the open/closed dimension? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Children's level of reading ability B. Amount of outdoor play space C. Arrangement of storage shelves D. Whether a toy has only one right solution

C. Arrangement of storage shelves D. Whether a toy has only one right solution

transitions

the passages between one place and another or one activity to another. Examples of transitions include arrivals and departures, cleanup time, and going outside. Transitions occur as often as children change activities either as a group or as individuals.

Why is attachment between a child and a caregiver important in early childhood education? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Young people feel secure when they are attached and therefore are freer to learn. B. When adults and children have an attachment, adults can be more effective teachers. C. When adults and children have an attachment, asynchronous interactions take place. D. When adults and children have an attachment, they understand each other better.

A. Young people feel secure when they are attached and therefore are freer to learn. B. When adults and children have an attachment, adults can be more effective teachers. D. When adults and children have an attachment, they understand each other better.

Which of the following requirements should be met when adapting an early childhood environment for children with moderate to severe visual impairment? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. The use of nonslip floor coverings should be avoided. B. The furniture and room arrangements should be changed frequently. C. The noise level should be controlled so that children can read sound clues. D. The environment should be made clutter free.

C. The noise level should be controlled so that children can read sound clues. D. The environment should be made clutter free.

Which of the following describes physical-care centers? Multiple choice question. A. Play stations with scaled-down structures to enable access and use for children of all ages B. Sanitized spaces set up especially for children with special needs or severe physical disabilities C. Primary teaching-learning sites that include floor space, equipment, and other materials D. Areas of the early childhood environment designated and equipped for children's learning and physical care

D. Areas of the early childhood environment designated and equipped for children's learning and physical care

A parent who emphasizes interdependence would tend to put a low value on ______. Multiple choice question. A. acceptance of help B. obligation to others C. shared possessions D. personal fulfillment

D. personal fulfillment

True or false: Children should be allowed vigorous movement only during outside time to prevent injury to themselves and to others. True false question. True False

False

True or false: Crawling babies need to be restricted to smaller spaces to keep them from reaching tiny objects they might choke on. True false question. True False

False

True or false: If children are to be cared for in groups, they don't need focused individualized attention and therefore, caregiving routines are not as important as learning times. True false question. True False

False

True or false: Physical-care centers are limited to areas of the early childhood environment that are designated and equipped for meeting children's diapering and toileting needs. True false question. True False

False

physical-care centers

areas of the early childhood environment that are designated and equipped for cooking, eating, cleaning up, hand washing, diapering and toileting, and napping.

surround care

child care that extends beyond the regular daily program. It may be offered in a child care center for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers during the early morning and evening, when there are fewer children present. Surround care is also offered in some programs for school-aged children who attend before and after school.

Which of the following are valid guidelines that would help a group time be successful? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Adapt the group time to the current age group. B. Don't start the group time until all the children are present and settled down. C. Plan the group time with age-appropriate activities. D. Conduct the group time in a big area so that the children are comfortably seated apart and can see the teacher.

A. Adapt the group time to the current age group C. Plan the group time with age-appropriate activities D. Conduct the group time in a big area so that the children are comfortably seated apart and can see the teacher.

Which of the following describes physical-care centers? Multiple choice question. A. Areas of the early childhood environment designated and equipped for children's learning and physical care B. Primary teaching-learning sites that include floor space, equipment, and other materials C. Sanitized spaces set up especially for children with special needs or severe physical disabilities D. Play stations with scaled-down structures to enable access and use for children of all ages

A. Areas of the early childhood environment designated and equipped for children's learning and physical care

How do teachers gain the respect of children? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Model it. B. Demand it. C. Pay for it. D. Earn it.

A. Model it D. Earn it

Among those who would typically be least in need of grooming attention are children ______. Multiple choice question. A. who come from families that stress independence B. who come from families that stress interdependence C. with special needs D. who stay all day and take naps

A. who come from families that stress independence

What should an environment set up for exploration emphasize? Multiple choice question. A. Interesting things B. Human interaction C. Adult direction D. Vast spaces

A.Interesting things

What aspect influences interdependence in early childhood programs? Multiple choice question. A. Cooperative play B. Adult-child ratios C. Special needs D. Antibias focus

B. Adult-child ratios

In which of the following situations is the staff member taking into consideration the element of need fulfillment? Multiple choice question. A. Bethany frames activities so that children reach out and talk with each other. B. Samuel goes by the schedule, but makes frequent changes to suit specific requirements for the children and the group. C. Daphne greets each child in the morning when they come in and says goodbye when they leave for the day. D. Shah ensures that various activities are available for the children to do during their routine.

B. Samuel goes by the schedule, but makes frequent changes to suit specific requirements for the children and the group

How can a caregiver match a child's rhythm while providing diapering or toileting care? Multiple choice question. A. Have an assembly-line process set up instead of a routine. B. Tell the child a story to divert his attention from what you're doing. C. Do things slow and share the present moment with the child. D. Keep the child entertained while finishing the procedure quickly.

C. Do things slow and share the present moment with the child

Which of the following is the biggest cause of obesity in growing children? Multiple choice question. A. Genetics B. Consuming too much fruit C. Exercising too little D. Watching television

C. Exercising too little

Lack of experiences in nature makes children ______. Multiple choice question. A. invent ways to keep busy that aren't always positive B. glad for the safety of asphalt playgrounds C. disinterested in environmental concerns D. cling to adults when outdoors

C. disinterested in environmental concerns

The incorporation of children with special needs into programs with their typically developing peers and giving them the support they need so they really belong is called _____. Multiple choice question. A. normalization B. mainstreaming C. integration D. empowerment

C. integration

Exposing children to complex combinations of materials and toys ______. Multiple choice question. A. reduces attention spans B. requires private spaces C. stimulates more ideas D. disrupts individual activities

C. stimulates more ideas

The trend in setting up early childhood physical environments seems to lean more toward _____. Multiple choice question. A. a homelike environment B. the Waldorf education model C. the school model D. the Montessori method

C. the school model

Which of the following is a recommended guideline for diapering? Multiple choice question. A. Put the lowest-status person on the staff in charge of diapering. B. Set up an assembly-line process for the diaper changing activity. C. Keep the child entertained with a toy while changing the diaper quickly. D. Approach diapering with a natural and accepting attitude.

D. Approach diapering with a natural and accepting attitude

Identify an independence-promoting characteristic. Multiple choice question. A. Name tags that promote individuality B. Cleaning duties reserved for adults C. Older children caring for the younger ones D. Materials displayed on low, open shelves

D. Materials displayed on low, open shelves

True or false: Contrary to the common practice of having babies sleep alone in a crib, some always sleep in a person's arm or a bed. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Early childhood education program providers lack options besides focusing on either the individual child or the community. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Family child care homes need to be continually rearranged during the day and after hours. True false question. True False

True

True or false: The early childhood culture is not static and is susceptible to change just like other cultures. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Toys for infants and toddlers should be wiped with a bleach solution or run through a dishwasher. True false question. True False

True

synchronous interaction

a coordinated interaction in which one person responds to the other in a timely way so that one response influences the next in a kind of rhythmic chain reaction that creates connections.

Ch.9

Ch.9

What are the considerations for adapting an environment for special needs children? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Position of materials B. Needs of program C. Amount of space D. Average reading level

A. Position of materials C. Amount of space

Which of the following is an important consideration for immobile infants lying on their backs? Multiple choice question. A. Positioning of skylights or overhead lighting B. Setting up a homelike environment C. Scaling down climbing structures D. Matching furniture size to the children

A. Positioning of skylights and overhead lighting

Americans with Disabilities Act

A 1992 law (Public law 101-336), also called ADA, that defines disability, prohibits discrimination, and requires employers, transportation, and other public agencies to provide access to the disabled in places of employment, public facilities, and transportation services.

How should the environment be set up for handwashing? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Always use a liquid soap instead of a bar. B. Provide for easy hand washing at any time. C. Ensure children use communal buckets. D. Teachers but not children should use bar soaps.

A. Always use a liquid soap instead of a bar B. Provide for easy hand washing at any time

In the context of adapting physical-care routines for children with special needs, which of the following are points caregivers should keep in mind in order to effectively recognize and respond to infants' need for rest? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Caregivers should find out from the families the safest sleeping position for each infant. B. Some children are medically fragile and require sufficient rest to keep their immune systems in the best possible shape. C. Children respond to stimulation in similar patterns and often settle down to rest quickly in a lively noisy classroom. D. All infants should sleep on their backs as a precaution against sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

A. Caregivers should find out from the families the safest sleeping position for each infant. B. Some children are medically fragile and require sufficient rest to keep their immune systems in the best possible shape.

How should providers ensure balance in an early childhood environment? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Classify the children's cognitive development. B. Focus on stimulating only intellectual development. C. Identify the individual child as an isolated entity. D. Separate gross-motor and fine-motor activities.

A. Classify the children's cognitive development D. Separate gross-motor and fine-motor activities

What do visually impaired children specifically need in an early childhood environment? Multiple choice question. A. Consistent space B. Homelike setup C. Soft dimensions D. Overhead lighting

A. Consistent space

Which of the following practices should be followed by child care providers to ensure that toddlers benefit from a short-term group experience? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Ensuring that the group is very small B. Allowing toddlers to come and go as they please during group-time activities C. Encouraging toddlers to actively participate in activities for a minimum of 15 minutes D. Planning group-time activities well ahead of time

A. Ensuring that the group is very small B. Allowing toddlers to come and go as they please during group-time activities

What is the major purpose of a caregiving routine being done in a warm, sensitive, and responsive manner? Multiple choice question. A. Establish basic trust in the child. B. Ensure that the child develops psychomotor skills. C. Ensure that the caregiver develops cognitive skills. D. Make the child autonomous.

A. Establish basic trust in the child

Which of the following is a major task of toddlers? Multiple choice question. A. Fostering independence B. Fostering submissiveness C. Fostering interdependence D. Increasing appetite

A. Fostering independence

Which of the following will help the children ease themselves into the group activity? Multiple choice question. A. Have the children join a group that is already engaged in some interesting activity. B. Wait until the entire group is ready and start the activity together as a group. C. Have the children sit in rows to help them bond with other children. D. Organize the group time with a mixed age group for the best interactions.

A. Have the children join a group that is already engaged in some interesting activity

What would be the points of assistance that preschoolers and school-age children might require in toilet training from caregivers? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Help in tucking, zipping, and buttoning their clothes B. Guidance in using the bathroom as per schedule C. Guidance in attuning their body rhythms to the group rhythm D. Freedom to use the bathroom when they want

A. Help in tucking, zipping, and buttoning their clothes D. Freedom to use the bathroom when they want

Which of the following are points that early childhood program providers should keep in mind when setting up play areas for infants? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Infants should be allowed to be on their backs unhindered so they are free to move. B. Infants should be put upright and strapped into infant holders. C. The space where infants lie should be large enough to hold just one infant at a time. D. The play space should expand as the infants' capabilities expand.

A. Infants should be allowed to be on their back unhindered so they are free to move D. The play space should expand as the infants' capabilities expand

Which of the following are true of an authentic early childhood environment? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. It exposes children to real objects and experiences. B. It involves reflecting children's and adults' interests in the environment. C. It incorporates made-up activities designed primarily to promote skill building. D. It involves learning through man-made replicas of real things.

A. It exposes children to real objects and experiences B. It involves reflecting children's and adults' interests in the environment

Which of the following are true of the advantages of continuity of care in early childhood education programs? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. It helps provide better opportunities for growth and development of adults and children. B. It enables children to implement impression management in their interactions with educators and with peers. C. It fosters staff and family cooperation and loyalty. D. It helps both teachers and children master the use of double-bind messages. E. It enables children to experience a stable, long-term relationship with their teacher and with other children in their peer group.

A. It helps provide better opportunities for growth and development of adults and children. C. It fosters staff and family cooperation and loyalty. E. It enables children to experience a stable, long-term relationship with their teacher and with other children in their peer group.

In the context of the dynamic nature of culture, identify the reasons why infant caregivers should be especially sensitive to diversity issues. (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. It is easy to overlook subtle differences in caregiver styles that may have a great impact on babies. B. Early exposure to diverse cultures leads younger children to take excessive pride in their own culture and reject the mainstream culture. C. Exposure to diverse practices in the early childhood environment enables younger children to remain firmly rooted in their culture. D. Some children who do not receive strong cultural messages may grow up culturally inept.

A. It is easy to overlook subtle differences in caregiver styles that may have a great impact on babies. D. Some children who do not receive strong cultural messages may grow up culturally inept.

.In the context of the different cultures that operate at the same time in an early childhood program, which of the following are true of the early childhood culture? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. It is the culture that results from early childhood training. B. It refers to the family life of children, which encompasses cultural beliefs, goals, and values. C. It mainly reflects the diverse cultures of the early childhood professionals and the families they serve. D. It is related to the dominant culture of the society but not exactly like it.

A. It is the culture that results from early childhood training. D. It is related to the dominant culture of the society but not exactly like it.

In the context of the different cultures that operate at the same time in an early childhood program, which of the following are true of the early childhood culture? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. It is the culture that results from early childhood training. B. It refers to the family life of children, which encompasses cultural beliefs, goals, and values. C. It mainly reflects the diverse cultures of the early childhood professionals and the families they serve. D. It is related to the dominant culture of the society but not exactly like it.

A. It is the culture that results from early childhood training. D. It is related to the dominant culture of the society but not exactly like it.

Which of the following are true of the significance of attachment in an early childhood education program? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. It is vital to the mental and social development of young children. B. It helps adults in the educator role to project their needs onto children. C. It is vital for adults to focus on individuals while paying attention to the whole group. D. It helps out adults in the role of caregivers.

A. It is vital to the mental and social development of young children. D. It helps out adults in the role of caregivers.

What is the recommended layout for infants and toddlers? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Leave center space open for traffic. B. Place activity areas along the walls. C. Arrange paths to draw children to activities. D. Move couches away from the walls.

A. Leave center space open for traffic. B. Place activity areas along the walls.

Which of the following are true of acculturation? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. New cultural aspects are adopted. B. Some old values remain intact. C. It is a one-way process. D. Some practices are modified.

A. New cultural aspects are adopted. B. Some old values remain intact. C. Some practices are modified.

Which of the following positions or placements is inadvisable for an infant while sleeping? Multiple choice question. A. On their stomach B. In a quiet room C. On their back D. In a darkened room

A. On their stomach

Which of the following environments are ideal for infants? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Play areas that are protected from mobile infants and toddlers B. Small, isolated areas that keep them from being disturbed by other babies C. Stimulating interest centers with clamorous equipment to encourage exploration D. Quiet places where they can sleep and wake securely without undue stimulation

A. Play areas that are protected from mobile infants and toddlers D. Quiet places where they can sleep and wake securely without undue stimulation

How can providers ensure smooth transitions between activities in older children? Multiple choice question. A. Provide adequate warnings to the children about the current activity's end. B. Have a fixed schedule for all activities so that the children can watch the clock for clues about transitions. C. Wait until each child is attentive and ready before starting the next activity. D. Ensure that cubicles are grouped in the same part of the room.

A. Provide adequate warning to the children about the current activity's end

What are some effective steps for the caregiver to take care of children during toddlerhood? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Providing some limited choices to toddlers to avert power struggles B. Being demanding toward toddlers to help them grow fast C. Allowing toddlers to do things for themselves D. Realizing that the toddlers' appetites often reduce to a great extent in this stage

A. Providing some limited choices to toddlers to avert power struggles C. Allowing toddlers to do things for themselves D. Realizing that the toddlers' appetites often reduce to a great extent in this stage

How can children be encouraged to cooperate? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Share glue bottles on an art project. B. Take their art home to parents. C. Play on a slide. D. Play catch.

A. Share glue bottles on an art project D. Play catch

In the context of the dynamic nature of culture, identify the reasons why infant caregivers should be especially sensitive to diversity issues. (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Some children who do not receive strong cultural messages may grow up culturally inept. B. Early exposure to diverse cultures leads younger children to take excessive pride in their own culture and reject the mainstream culture. C. It is easy to overlook subtle differences in caregiver styles that may have a great impact on babies. D. Exposure to diverse practices in the early childhood environment enables younger children to remain firmly rooted in their culture.

A. Some children who do not receive strong cultural messages may grow up culturally inept C. It is easy to overlook subtle differences in caregiver styles that may have a great impact on babies

What points, if kept in mind, would help a caregiver while arrivals and departures of children happen? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Some departure rituals can get emotional and it is normal. B. Transition objects comfort children during arrivals and departures. C. Transition rituals can help children during arrivals and departures. D. Parents of the children are not affected by separation anxiety.

A. Some departure rituals can get emotional and it is normal. B. Transition objects comfort children during arrivals and departures. C. Transition rituals can help children during arrivals and departures.

Which of the following is true of space requirements in early childhood programs? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. The child-adult ratio must be distinguished from the group size. B. The space should be in proportion to the size of the group. C. The groups should be able to easily intermix with other groups. D. The goal must be to provide the children maximum available space.

A. The child-adult ratio must be distinguished from the group size. B. The space should be in proportion to the size of the group.

Which of the following are true of the dynamic nature of culture with reference to the evolution of a child's culture? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. The issues of cultural differences prevail throughout early childhood education and beyond. B. Cultures constantly evolve and never remain static especially when they bump against other cultures. C. Parental child-rearing practices are designed to prepare the child for adulthood in the family's culture. D. The goal of early childhood caregivers is to convert the child to the dominant culture.

A. The issues of cultural differences prevail throughout early childhood education and beyond. B. Cultures constantly evolve and never remain static especially when they bump against other cultures. C. Parental child-rearing practices are designed to prepare the child for adulthood in the family's culture.

Which of the following are points that early childhood program providers should keep in mind when setting up play areas for infants? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. The play space should expand as the infants' capabilities expand. B. Infants should be allowed to be on their backs unhindered so they are free to move. C. Infants should be put upright and strapped into infant holders. D. The space where infants lie should be large enough to hold just one infant at a time.

A. The play space should expand as the infants' capabilities expand. B. Infants should be allowed to be on their backs unhindered so they are free to move.

What are the characteristics of a half-day Head Start preschool? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. The program is divided into age-specific classes. B. Both breakfast and lunch are served. C. Children arrive after breakfast and leave before lunch. D. Teachers have few transitions and a loose time schedule.

A. The program is divided into age-specific classes. B. Both breakfast and lunch are served.

Which of the following are true of parents who make a conscious decision to guide their children to become more independent or interdependent? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Their deliberate goal is to counteract the effects of oppression. B. Their decision is a response to history and current social conditions. C. Their motive is based primarily on deeply embedded cultural values. D. Their choice seldom depends on their collective experience.

A. Their deliberate goal is to counteract the effects of oppression. B. Their decision is a response to history and current social conditions.

Why should infant space be large enough to hold more than one infant? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. They can become aware of their peers around them. B. They can explore each others' ears and eyes. C. They can observe and learn from older children. D. They can interact with adults down on the floor.

A. They can become aware of their peers around them D. They can interact with adults down on the floor

Which of the following are true of the toileting needs of preschool-age and school-age children? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. They may need reminders to flush and wash their hands after using the bathroom. B. They should be diapered as most children of this age are not toilet trained. C. They usually require adult supervision and assistance when using the bathroom. D. They should have changes of clothes available in case of accidents.

A. They may need reminders to flush and wash their hands after using the bathroom. D. They should have changes of clothes available in case of accidents.

In the context of the differing opinions of educators on whether early childhood programs should focus on community or individualism, why do some educators advocate against programs that focus on the community? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. They worry that children may fail to unfold in their own ways. B. They are concerned about the effect of the reality of the "group" on children. C. They contend that children cannot be both individuals and group members. D. They fear that children will feel pressured to conform.

A. They worry that children may fail to unfold in their own ways D. They fear that children will feel pressured to conform

Which of the following points should be kept in mind to create a beneficial group-time routine for toddlers? Multiple choice question. A. Toddlers should not be expected to sit still and listen for more than about 10 minutes. B. Toddlers should be kept present and attentive primarily through the use of powerful techniques. C. Teachers should have a meticulous plan for the activities incorporated in the group-time routine. D. Teachers should ensure that the routine resembles a preschool circle-time routine.

A. Toddlers should not be expected to sit still and listen for more than about 10 minutes

How should immobile infants be protected? Multiple choice question. A. Use furniture as barriers. B. Isolate them in sleeping cribs. C. Carry them at all times. D. Keep them in strollers.

A. Use furniture as barriers

What qualities in a teacher do children in early childhood programs need? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Warmth B. Detachment C. Nurturance D. Strictness

A. Warmth C. Nurturance

When providing safe, private, and tucked-away spaces for infants, it is important to ensure that _____. Multiple choice question. A. all parts of a play area are visible to adults B. adults cannot access certain parts of the play area C. the infants are isolated from each other in cribs D. the infants are left unsupervised and alone

A. all parts of a play area are visible to adults

The goal of a primary caregiving system is to promote _____. Multiple choice question. A. closeness and attachment B. accountability and self-reliance C. competency D. exclusivity

A. closeness and attachment

In the context of setting up an early childhood environment that reflects the goals and values of a specific program, a widely promoted quality that transcends most cultural boundaries is _____. Multiple choice question. A. cooperation B. individuality C. authenticity D. interdependence

A. cooperation

One of the ways to promote individuality in a child in an early childhood environment is by _____. Multiple choice question. A. displaying the child's name and picture in a prominent location B. encouraging the child to refuse to share his or her toys C. allowing the child to serve his or her own food D. storing supplies and materials away from the child's reach

A. displaying the child's name and picture in a prominent location

A parent who encourages independence tends to set a high value on ______. Multiple choice question. A. self-esteem B. respect for others C. relationships D. sharing

A. self-esteem

What points reinforce that cleanup is a special type of transition? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. The policing approach works best as a transition period to cleanup. B. As much as the approach toward cleanup, the physical setup of the environment also facilitates the cleanup process. C. Whether cleanup is a transition or a chore depends on the adults' attitude toward it. D. Cleanup is an integral part of every activity undertaken by the children.

B. As much as the approach toward cleanup, the physical setup of the environment also facilitates the cleanup process. C. Whether cleanup is a transition or a chore depends on the adults' attitude toward it. D. Cleanup is an integral part of every activity undertaken by the children.

Which of the following is a good rule for circulation patterns in a child care setting? Multiple choice question. A. Design circulation patterns to pass through interest centers. B. Avoid running circulation patterns through activity areas. C. For preschoolers, leave center space open for traffic. D. For toddlers, establish circulation patterns around the perimeter of the room.

B. Avoid running circulation pattern through activity areas

How can teachers help create a positive social-emotional environment for young children? Multiple choice question. A. By involving the whole body and using all the senses to pick up subtle cues from children B. By optimizing children's opportunities for learning by responding to their different backgrounds C. By using impression management to keep children from living in their own reality D. By facilitating conversations among children that mainly involve double-bind messages

B. By optimizing children's opportunities for learning by responding to their different backgrounds

What happens when adults decorate the environment with objects that they think reflect children's tastes? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Adults teach children to appreciate beauty. B. Children miss an opportunity to appreciate aesthetics. C. Children become disinterested in nature. D. Adults may end up making the room overstimulating.

B. Children miss an opportunity to appreciate aesthetics D. Adults may end up making the room overstimulating

Why is considering the child's age and development stage alone not enough when planning to set up the physical environment? Multiple choice question. A. Children are more apt to be in groups of 10 to 12 for most of the day. B. Children of differing abilities need different kinds of adaptations. C. Children prefer to have personal access to adult attention. D. Children decide when to initiate an activity and how long to stick with it.

B. Children of differing abilities need different kinds of adaptations

What personal possessions should children be taught not to share? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Books B. Combs C. Clothes D. Bottles

B. Combs C. Clothes D. Bottles

Which of the following are emphasized by parents who think interdependence will help their children counteract the effects of racism? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Self-reliance B. Connectedness C. Group membership D. Independence

B. Connectedness C. Group membership

How should the child care environment be set up? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. It should be dimly lit. B. It should be appropriate for specific ages. C. It should be easy to clean and maintain. D. It should be divided into specific areas.

B. It should be appropriate for specific ages D. It should be divided into specific areas

Which of the following is true of integration as a concept of helping move children with disabilities in the direction of belonging? Multiple choice question. A. Its main idea is normalization, which means services provided to all children are as culturally normative as possible. B. Its goal is for all children to participate in early care and education programs to the greatest degree possible. C. Its main idea is to put all children with disabilities into the mainstream of life with the hope that they will adapt. D. Its aim is to integrate all children, regardless of their disability or challenge, to a natural environment.

B. Its goal is for all children to participate in early care and education programs to the greatest degree possible

What is the first step in planning a physical environment for an early childhood program? Multiple choice question. A. Deciding on a school-based or home-based environment B. Knowing the licensing standard for one's state C. Considering the developmental age and stage of each child D. Focusing on creating a well-balanced environment

B. Knowing the licensing standard for one's state

In the context of the history of helping move children with disabilities in the direction of belonging, which of the following concepts offers minimal support to children with special needs? Multiple choice question. A. Empowerment B. Mainstreaming C. Normalization D. Integration

B. Mainstreaming

In the context of the intrusion/seclusion dimension of an early childhood environment, identify the ideal way in which an early childhood program provider should create a secluded environment for children. Multiple choice question. A. Removing all furniture from the environment B. Making private spaces that caregivers can see into C. Preventing outsiders from coming into children's environments D. Installing low windows that children can use to look outside

B. Making private spaces that caregivers can see into

Which of the following environments are ideal for infants? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Small, isolated areas that keep them from being disturbed by other babies B. Play areas that are protected from mobile infants and toddlers C. Stimulating interest centers with clamorous equipment to encourage exploration D. Quiet places where they can sleep and wake securely without undue stimulation

B. Play areas that are protected from mobile infants and toddlers D. Quiet places where they can sleep and wake securely without undue stimulation

Which of the following should early childhood programs do to create an aesthetically pleasing environment? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Leaving toys on the floor in disarray B. Presenting materials in an uncluttered manner C. Arranging supplies in an attractive and inviting way D. Storing supplies in containers that are plain and unobtrusive

B. Presenting materials in an uncluttered and inviting way C. Arranging supplies in an attractive and inviting way

In the context of the significance of attachment between caregivers and children, which of the following situations show wrong inferences by a caregiver due to a lack of strong communication with a child? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Reena provides playthings to one of her children because she senses the need of that child to play with varied objects. B. Samantha sends one of her children for a nap prematurely because she is groggy and feels that the child experiences the same. C. Sarah makes a child wear a sweater because Sarah feels cold from just standing around. D. Latha feeds one of her children unnecessarily simply because Latha happens to be hungry and feels that the child must also experience hunger.

B. Samantha sends one of her children for a nap prematurely because she is groggy and feels that the child experiences the same. C. Sarah makes a child wear a sweater because Sarah feels cold from just standing around. D. Latha feeds one of her children unnecessarily simply because Latha happens to be hungry and feels that the child must also experience hunger.

Which of the following is an example of a synchronous interaction between a caregiver and a child? Multiple choice question. A. Cory maintains a steady patter of talk directed at a child even though she is not responding. B. Talbot repeats what an angry child says to check what she will say next. C. Cathy anticipates every move of a toddler and fulfills them before he even expresses the needs. D. Thameem makes a toddler express himself in words rather than responding to gestures and emotions.

B. Talbot repeats what an angry child says to check what she will say next

What can best be done to help a child who needs toilet learning but is not getting it? Multiple choice question. A. Give the child time-outs whenever his diaper needs changing. B. Talk to the family and specialists and find out what's expected of you. C. Firmly tell the child that she needs to start exercising control of her bladder and bowel muscles. D. Separate the child from his toilet-trained peers until he has completed toilet training.

B. Talk to the family and specialists and find out what's expected of you

What could be typical reasons for a child resisting going home? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. The child wants to be left alone to be the last one to leave. B. The child wants to see how the adults will relate to each other when he or she resists going home. C. The child may be totally involved in an activity and would not want to leave it yet. D. The child allows all the pent-up stress to come out upon seeing his or her parents.

B. The child wants to see how the adults will relate to each other when he or she resists going home. C. The child may be totally involved in an activity and would not want to leave it yet. D. The child allows all the pent-up stress to come out upon seeing his or her parents.

In the context of the dynamic nature of culture, which of the following statements emphasize the need for cultural sensitivity and responsiveness in early childhood education programs? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Unspoken messages of the dominant culture greatly impact infants and lead them to accept all aspects of themselves and their families. B. The ways in which babies are cared for are a major factor in their ongoing socialization and the development of their future adult personalities. C. Younger children in a culturally diverse program are susceptible to the influence of the dominant culture and are likely to lose their own culture. D. Exposure to diverse cultures force older children who are well rooted in their home culture to look at their home culture as inferior.

B. The ways in which babies are cared for are a major factor in their ongoing socialization and the development of their future adult personalities. C. Younger children in a culturally diverse program are susceptible to the influence of the dominant culture and are likely to lose their own culture.

Which of the following describe why infants should not be put to bed with a bottle? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Infants tend to lose their feeding bottle and end up being underfed. B. There is a risk of choking. C. There are too many distractions for an infant in a bed. D. It can lead to tooth decay.

B. There is a risk of choking. D. It can lead to tooth decay.

How do caregiving routines help early childhood educators? Multiple choice question. A. These routines help the professionals save precious time, which can be used to develop curriculum for the children. B. These routines provide opportunities for interactions, which help them develop relationships and build attachment. C. These routines help the professionals structure a good deal of program time. D. These routines help the professionals learn how children feed themselves.

B. These routines prove opportunities for interactions, which help them develop relationships and build attachment

According to the Pacific Oaks research, identify a true statement about children in homelike child care programs. Multiple choice question. A. They were less likely to be physically and socially engaged than children in school-like centers were. B. They had five times greater one-on-one or shared contact with an adult than children in school-like programs had. C. They spent more time responding to adult expectations than children in school-like programs did. D. They spent 25 percent of the child care day waiting as opposed to the 3 percent waiting time for children in a school-like setting.

B. They had five times greater one-on-one or shared contact with an adult than children in school-like programs had

In early childhood programs, the primary teaching-learning sites including the floor space, equipment, and materials for play, interaction, and exploration are called _____. Multiple choice question. A. hard dimensions B. balanced environments C. activity spaces D. interest centers

D. interest centers

According to the Pacific Oaks research, identify the advantages children have in homelike child care centers. (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. They interact with adults in a one-way fashion. B. They have more personal access to adult attention than children in school-like programs do. C. They spend more time waiting for their turn in activities than children in school-like programs do. D. They follow their own interests at their own pace.

B. They have more personal access to adult attention that children in school-like programs do D. They follow their own interests at their own pace

What happens if children learn to look at their home culture as inferior? Multiple choice question. A. They will automatically become bicultural. B. They may take a negative view of themselves. C. They will reject the dominant, mainstream culture. D. They may fail at impression management.

B. They may take a negative view of themselves

In the context of adapting physical-care routines for children with special needs, which of the following are true of the approach early childhood professionals should take when a child is not toilet trained? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. They should reject the child if teachers lack experience in toileting children. B. They should take care of diaper changing or toileting in a warm and matter-of-fact way. C. They should talk to the child's family and the specialists working with the child and find out the plan for the child's toilet training. D. They should separate the child from his or her toilet-trained peers until he or she has completed toilet training.

B. They should take care of diaper changing or toileting in a warm and matter-of-fact way. C. They should talk to the child's family and the specialists working with the child and find out the plan for the child's toilet training.

In the context of the differing opinions of educators on whether early childhood programs should focus on community or individualism, why do some educators advocate against programs that focus on the community? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. They are concerned about the effect of the reality of the "group" on children. B. They worry that children may fail to unfold in their own ways. C. They contend that children cannot be both individuals and group members. D. They fear that children will feel pressured to conform.

B. They worry that children may fail to unfold in their own ways D. They fear that children will feel pressured to conform

Identify an object suitable to create a soft dimension in the environment. (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A.Wooden toy B. Thick rug C. Cozy furniture D. Reading material

B. Thick rug C. Cozy furniture

Which of the following is true about the social-emotional environment of early childhood programs? Multiple choice question. A. It is easier to see and change than the physical environment. B. Families are not a factor in the social-emotional environment. C. As much consideration and planning should go into it as into the physical environment. D. It has effects on teachers and caregivers but not on children.

C. As much consideration and planning should go into it as into the physical environment

Which of the following defines surround care in full-day child care centers? Multiple choice question. A. Constant supervision provided to children with special needs B. Interest centers specifically set up to engage children all day long C. Child care that extends beyond the regular daily program D. Program that embraces NAEYC standards for early childhood care

C. Child care that extends beyond the regular daily program

Which of the following is a feature of a half-day parent co-op? Multiple choice question. A. The environment needs constant rearranging. B. Teachers work with parents of the children. C. Children arrive after breakfast and leave before lunch. D. The classroom is self-contained.

C. Children arrive after breakfast and leave before lunch

Which of the following adult behaviors show disrespect to a child? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Talking with a child about her feelings B. Treating a child like an adult C. Distracting an unhappy child D. Dressing up a child like a doll

C. Distracting an unhappy child D. Dressing up a child like a doll

What points, if kept in mind, would help a caregiver while grooming and dressing children? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. The time consumed in dressing children is a necessary waste. B. Right before a nap is a good time to assess children's need for grooming. C. Dressing and undressing is a chance to build relationships. D. It is an opportunity for children to get the much required one-on-one attention.

C. Dressing and undressing is a chance to build relationships. D. It is an opportunity for children to get the much required one-on-one attention.

Which of the following explains why caregiving is an integral part of early childhood curriculum? Multiple choice question. A. During caregiving, family child care providers have a chance to chat with each other about the day's events. B. Caregiving can provide an opportunity for providers to test the children on what they have learned during the day. C. During caregiving, the language used forms a vital part of the rich, individual interaction between caregivers and the children. D. If children are to be cared for in groups, they do not need focused individualized attention and the caregiver's burden is thereby eased.

C. During caregiving, the language used forms a vital part of the rich, individual interaction between caregivers and the children

How can mobile infants be best taken care of while feeding? Multiple choice question. A. Hold them by their hands or backs to ensure they concentrate and finish feeding in time. B. Allow them to go to bed while feeding so they can sleep after being fed. C. Have them seated at a low table chair to allow them to get in and out themselves. D. Tie them safely using straps or belts to stop them from wandering off.

C. Have them seated at a low table chair to allow them to get in and out themselves

What can an adult believing in a napping schedule do for toddlers who cannot sleep during the entire time scheduled for napping? Multiple choice question. A. Make amends to the program's philosophy to allow exceptions. B. Allow the kids to play so they can grow mentally. C. Help them learn to lie still and rest until the group is ready to wake up. D. Make individual napping schedules for each child based on their body rhythms.

C. Help them learn to lie still and rest until the group is ready to wake up

Which of the following factors work against continuity of care in early childhood education programs? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Home-care model of grouping children together B. High wages of skilled educators C. High staff turnover D. Frequent advancement of children from one classroom to another

C. High staff turnover D. Frequent advancement of children from one classroom to another

What happens when interesting stimulants are removed from the environment? Multiple choice question. A. Visual appeal or aesthetics is enhanced. B. Free exploration is encouraged. C. Human interaction is emphasized. D. Authentic experience is ensured.

C. Human interaction is emphasized

Which of the following are true of interest centers in early childhood programs? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Interest centers are specifically designed for vigorous play involving large-muscle activities. B. Interest centers are designated areas for eating and napping. C. Interest centers can include classroom pets. D. Interest center activities should fit the ages and developmental stage(s) of the children who are in the group.

C. Interest centers can include classroom pets D. Interest center activities should fit the ages and developmental stage(s) of the children who are in the group

parent who emphasizes interdependence would tend to put a low value on ______. Multiple choice question. A. shared possessions B. obligation to others C. acceptance of help D. personal fulfillment

D. personal fulfillment

Which of the following is true of integration as a concept of helping move children with disabilities in the direction of belonging? Multiple choice question. A. Its aim is to integrate all children, regardless of their disability or challenge, to a natural environment. B. Its main idea is normalization, which means services provided to all children are as culturally normative as possible. C. Its goal is for all children to participate in early care and education programs to the greatest degree possible. D. Its main idea is to put all children with disabilities into the mainstream of life with the hope that they will adapt.

C. Its goal is for all children to participate in early care and education programs to the greatest degree possible

Which of the following is more likely to have sinks and areas for messy play? Multiple choice question. A. Programs for grades 1 to 3 B. Half-day parent co-ops C. Kindergarten D. Moderate climate playgrounds

C. Kindergarten

In the context of the intrusion/seclusion dimension of an early childhood environment, which of the following is a form of intrusion? Multiple choice question. A. Moved couches B. Platforms C. Low windows D. Hidy-holes

C. Low windows

How should a teacher help a child who has severe physical challenges and is unable to move by himself? Multiple choice question. A. Distract him from things he cannot reach. B. Arrange cushions to position him carefully. C. Make provisions that help him get around. D. Secure him to a wheelchair to keep him safe.

C. Make provisions that help him get around

Which of the following types of interactions do children need on a daily basis? Multiple choice question. A. One-to-many B. Many-to-one C. One-on-one D. Asynchronous

C. One-on-one

Which of the following are caregiving routines that form an integral part of the early childhood program's plan for learning? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Exercising B. Reading C. Resting D. Grooming and dressing E. Feeding F. Toileting

C. Resting D. Grooming and dressing E. Feeding F. Toileting

Which of the following activities can help send the message to each child that he or she is a unique individual? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Allow children to escape into their own private spaces when needed. B. Teach children not to share their favorite toys and materials. C. Store personal possessions in individual cubbies. D. Have parents sew name tags in their children's clothes.

C. Store personal possessions in individual cubbies. D. Have parents sew name tags in their children's clothes.

In the context of an early childhood education program, identify the true statements about transitions. (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. A. Transitions occur when teachers focus on a child while still being aware of the whole group. B. Transitions often include the communication of double-bind messages. C. Transitions include arrivals and departures to and from a program day or session, as well as cleanup time. D. Transitions occur as often as children change activities, either as a group or as individuals.

C. Transitions include arrivals and departures to and from a program day or session, as well as cleanup time D. Transitions occur as often as children change activities, either as a group or as individuals

In the context of early childhood programs, which of the following activities has the goal of using group time, or circle time, to engage children in value clarification? Multiple choice question. A. Using movement activities or games to wind down at the end of the day B. Engaging children in choir singing C. Using "persona dolls" to discuss real or pretend incidents and asking children to solve problems D. Engaging children in arts and crafts activities

C. Using "persona dolls" to discuss real or pretend incidents and asking children to solve problems

According to caregivers, children's attention span increases when they ______. Multiple choice question. A. have a private space to escape to B. make use of simple materials C. are engaged in complex activities D. play with a toy with one right solution

C. are engaged in complex activities

A program might require special safety considerations when ______. Multiple choice question. A. the ratio of adults to children is above 1:1 B. it is too costly to meet NAEYC safety and health standards C. children with physical challenges are serviced D. the local police station is more than a mile distant

C. children with physical challenges are serviced

What is the minimum recommended space requirement? Multiple choice question. A. 60 square feet per adult B. 75 square feet per activity C. 50 square feet per group D. 35 square feet per child

D. 35 square feet per child

Which of the following illustrates an authentic early childhood environment? Multiple choice question. A. A safe and tucked-away space that protects children's privacy B. A classroom that includes a child-sized plastic oven and sink in the play area C. A play yard that has slides, glider swings, and seesaws D. A classroom that displays art posters, children's work, and natural objects

D. A classroom that displays art posters, children's work, and natural objects

How can a caregiver facilitate growing children to become independent during feeding sessions? Multiple choice question. A. Have masses of children at long picnic tables. B. Have a group of several children around small tables. C. Allow the children to have what they want without any restriction. D. Have a make-it-yourself or serve-yourself activity during snack time.

D. Have a make-it-yourself or serve-yourself activity during snack time

Which of the following is true of integration as a concept of helping move children with disabilities in the direction of belonging? Multiple choice question. A. Its aim is to integrate all children, regardless of their disability or challenge, to a natural environment. B. Its main idea is normalization, which means services provided to all children are as culturally normative as possible. C. Its main idea is to put all children with disabilities into the mainstream of life with the hope that they will adapt. D. Its goal is for all children to participate in early care and education programs to the greatest degree possible.

D. Its goal is for all children to participate in early care and education programs to the greatest degree possible

Which of the following is a consideration when setting up a diapering area? Multiple choice question. A. Never position the diapering area next to a sink. B. Keep paper diapering materials separate from cloth ones. C. Use a short table so children can help with the diapering process. D. Provide ample storage for diapering materials.

D. Provide ample storage for diapering materials

Which of the following is a good way to introduce solid foods to an infant? Multiple choice question. A. Slowly start adding sugar, salt, and seasoning. B. Start with high-protein foods like meat and eggs. C. Puree a multiple-ingredient casserole. D. Start with one mouthful of one new food.

D. Start with one mouthful of one new food

Young children in an early childhood program need _____. Multiple choice question. A. caregivers who use distractions to cut the children off from their feelings B. teachers who use impression management in their interactions C. teachers who respond to them using double-bind messages D. caregivers who respond in a warm and understanding way

D. caregivers who respond in a warm and understanding way

Childproofing the environment involves simply determining the proper scale, size, and type of toys, equipment, and materials when ______. Multiple choice question. A. children are part of mixed-age groups B. providers focus on providing children with choices C. providers identify children as isolated entities D. children are separated by age groups

D. children are separated by age groups

When children, regardless of their disability or challenge, are always integrated into whatever setting is the natural environment of their typically developing peers, it is called _____. Multiple choice question. A. behavior modification B. intrinsic motivation C. extended cooperation D. full inclusion

D. full inclusion

integration

The incorporation of children with special needs into programs with their typically developed peers and giving them the support they need so they really belong. Part of integration is giving attention to the interactions between the two groups of children. The goal is for all children to participate in the program to the greatest degree possible.

primary caregiving system

a caregiving system in which infants are divided up and assigned (in groups of three or four) to specific primary caregivers who are responsible for meeting their needs and record keeping. The goal of this approach is to promote closeness and attachment, but not exclusivity. An important aspect of this system is for each child to know and relate to other caregivers as well.

mainstreaming

a term that means placing children with special needs into programs that serve children who are typically developing. In some such programs support for the children with special needs may be minimal, so those who can't handle the mainstream may never feel they belong there.

normalization

a term that means that services such as early care and education programs provided to those with special needs are based on circumstances that are as culturally normative as possible.

attachment

an enduring affectionate bond between a child and a person who cares for the child, giving the child a feeling of safety or security. Building a trusting secure attachment through consistency, responsiveness, and predictability shows children they can trust the caregiver to meet their needs and frees them to explore their environment.

interest centers

in the early childhood setting, the floor space, equipement, and materials for play, interaction, and exploration. Examples of interest centers include dramatic play, block, science, art, and music centers.