Ch 8 Heart and Blood Vessels
Atherosclerosis
Buildup of fatty deposits on and within the inner walls of arteries. Atherosclerosis is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Path of blood through the heart
Pulmonary Circuit, Systemic Circuit
All of the following are part of the cardiac conduction system
Purkinje fibers , Sinoatrial node, Atrioventricular bundle
Diastole
refers to the period of relaxation
Coronary bypass
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart. Surgeons use CABG to treat people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries.
Varicose veins
Permanently dilated veins, often caused by improperly functioning venous valves. They can appear anywhere but most common in the legs and feet
All of the following mechanisms assist in returning venous blood to the heart
Pressure changes in the abdominal and thoracic cavities due to breathing. Contraction of skeletal muscles in the legs. One-way valves located inside veins
Valves
Prevent backflow of blood
Veins
Return blood to heart. Hydrostatic pressure is low.
As blood travels through the circulatory system, the greatest drop in pressure occurs in
arterioles
Which of the choices represents the order of vessels through which blood passes after leaving the heart
artery-arteriole-capillary-venule-vein
__________ carry blood away from the heart and _____________ carry blood toward the heart
Arteries Veins
Pulmonary Circuit
Circulate deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Systemic Circuit
Circulation out of the heart to the systems of the body.
Pericardium
Connective and epithelial membrane Tough fibrous sac that encloses and protects the heart and prevents it from overfilling
Heart Rhythm
Coordination of contractions for the chambers of the heart. Controlled internally
Ventricles
two chambers more muscular at the bottom
Atria
two chambers on the top
Which of the following would be an appropriate homeostatic response to a drop in blood pressure below what is normal
vasoconstriction of arterioles
Gross anatomy
Great vessels, Auricle/atrium, Ventricles
Which of the following is/are involved in regulating blood pressure
Heart , Baroreceptors , and Cardiovascular center in medulla oblongata
Semilunar valves
Heart valves located between the ventricles and the two major arteries of the body (pulmonary and aortic) that prevent blood from returning to the ventricles
Which of the following is a true statement regarding strokes
Immediate medical care is crucial to recovery
Myocardium
Muscle of the heart, cardiocytes Middle and largest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle
Arteries
Must carry blood that has been pressurized by the ventricles of the heart.
Structure of the Heart
Myocardium, Endocardium ,Pericardium
precapillary sphincter
band of smooth muscle that controls blood flow into individual capillaries
Capillaries
Only blood vessels designed for materials to enter or leave circulation.Hydrostatic pressure is low
Aneurysm
A ballooning or bulging of the wall of an artery caused by dilation or weakening of the wall
Two pumping systems together
Atrium and ventricle for each system
Chambers
Atriums are not muscular, receiving chambers , Ventricles are muscular pumping chambers
Heart Rate
Beats/minute based on oxygen requirement Autonomic NS
Microscopic structure of the heart Characteristics
Branching chains of cells Automaticity Pacemaker cells Aerobic Slow contracting Long refractory Fatty acids for energy No titanic Cell Junctions form intercalated discs
Which blood vessel is best suited for exchange of gases and nutrients with the surrounding tissue
Capillary
Endocardium
Epithelial lining of the chambers
A pacemaker is used to correct
cardiac arrhythmias
Internal Anatomy
Two pumping systems together , Chambers, Valves
Which of the following statements regarding the cardiac cycle are true
When the ventricles contact, the atrioventricular valves close. When the ventricles relax, the semilunar valves close. When the atria contract, the atrioventricular valves open
Which of the following represents the order of structures beginning inside the ventricle and traveling outward
endocardium-myocardium-epicardium-pericardium
Cardiac cycle
is the entire sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart
Sinoatrial (SA) node
is where the stimulus that starts a heartbeat begins
A heart attack occurs as a result of
narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries
Which of the following might be treated appropriately by administering clot-dissolving drugs
pulmonary embolism
Systole
refers to the period of contraction
Which vein (s) carry oxygenated blood
right and left pulmonary veins
Septum
separates the right and left sides of the heart