Ch. 8 Quiz PSY of Learning
David Camp and colleagues found that even a delay of only _____ reduced the effectiveness of a punisher.
2 seconds
Of the following procedures, the one that reinforces behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as the unwanted behavior is ______.
DRI
Of the following procedures, the one that focuses on reducing the rate at which a behavior occurs is ________.
DRl
The first formal studies of punishment were probably done by _________ .
Edward Thorndlike
A DRI schedule refers to direct reinforcement of incompatible behavior.
False
As the reinforcement, punishment is most effective when a partial schedule is used.
False
Frequent use of weak punishers is more effective than occasional use of intense aversives.
False
In differential reinforcement, an unwanted behavior or rate of behavior is placed on extinction, and a more desirable behavior or rate of behavior is punished.
False
In using punishment, it is best with a weak punisher and gradually increase its strength as needed.
False
Positive punishment and negative punishment both involve averisves.
False
Positive punishment is sometimes called penalty training
False
Punishment is the same as retribution
False
Time-out is an example of negative reinforcement (if its effective)
False
negative punishment necessarily involved aversives
False
The one-process theory of punishment goes back to ________.
Thorndlike
Abnormal behavior may persist despite aversive consequences because it also produces reinforcing consequences.
True
Abnormal behavior may persist despite aversive consequences because its also produces reinforcing consequences.
True
Although punishment can have negative side effects, there is evidence that it can also have positive side effects.
True
An early theory of punishment proposed that response suppression occurred because aversives disrupt ongoing behavior.
True
As with reinforcement, longer delays between the behavior and its consequence are less effective when using punishment.
True
Contiguity and contingency are important concepts for both reinforcement and punishment
True
Differential schedules are often used an effective alternatives to punishment.
True
For punishment to be effective, it needs to be severe.
True
In general, the smaller the level reinforcer deprivation, the more effective a punisher is.
True
Negative punishment is sometimes called penalty training
True
Negative punishment is sometimes called response cost
True
One problem with punishment is that the person being punished may learn to completely avoid the enviornment or situation where he or she was punished.
True
One way to make punishment more effective is to provide an alternative means of obtaining reinforcement.
True
Positive punishment and negative reinforcement both involve averisves.
True
The goal of a DRL schedule is to stop behavior completely.
True
When using a DRL schedule of 10 seconds, any response that occurs after 10 seconds has elapsed will result in a reinforcer being delivered.
True
When using punishment to suppress an undesirable behavior, it is important to provide alternative means of obtaining the reinforcers that have maintained that behavior.
True
all studies of the intensity of punishment have found that the greater the intensity of the punishing stimulus, the greater the reduction of the punished response.
True
negative reinforcement necessarily involves aversive
True
positive punishment necessarily involves aversives
True
In positive punishment, a stimulus that serves as a punisher is called a(n) _________.
aversive
As with reinforcement, punishment is most effective when a partial schedule is used.
false
In general, the greater the level reinforcer deprivation, the more effective a punisher is.
false
When using a DRL schedule of 10 seconds, any response that occurs before 10 seconds has elapsed will result in a reinforcer being delivered.
false
All of the following enhance the effectiveness of punishment except _______.
increasing the reinforcer deprivation level
Generally speaking, the more intense a punisher, the _______.
more its suppresses behavior
The two-process theory of punishment assumes that punishment involves ___________.
pavlovian and operant learning
Negative punishment is also sometimes called ______ training.
penalty
Farmer Gable had a problem with motorcyclists riding across his meadow land, tearing up sod and frightening his cattle. He installed barbed wire fencing in the area and no longer had a problem. Gabe's approach is best described as an example of
response prevention
Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to ______.
reduce its effectiveness
If a rat receives a shock each time it presses a lever, but not otherwise, we can say that _______.
shock is contingent on lever pressing
The word positive in positive punishment refers to the fact that _______.
something is added and behavior decreases
One problem with extinction as a way of reducing the frequency of potentially harmful behavior is that _________.
the behavior on extinction sometimes increases the first
If Charles Catania's thinking about reinforcement is applied to punishment, we can say that all of the following are true of punishment except _______.
the consequence of the behavior must be negative
A DRI schedule refers to differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior.
true
A suppression ratio of .5 means that behavior has not been suppressed.
true
Response prevention is an effective alternative to punishment.
true
When a student repeatedly behaves in an inappropriate way, probably the teacher's first step should be to ______.
try to discover what is reinforcing the behavior