Ch. 8 Quiz PSY of Learning

David Camp and colleagues found that even a delay of only _____ reduced the effectiveness of a punisher.

2 seconds

Of the following procedures, the one that reinforces behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as the unwanted behavior is ______.

DRI

Of the following procedures, the one that focuses on reducing the rate at which a behavior occurs is ________.

DRl

The first formal studies of punishment were probably done by _________ .

Edward Thorndlike

A DRI schedule refers to direct reinforcement of incompatible behavior.

False

As the reinforcement, punishment is most effective when a partial schedule is used.

False

Frequent use of weak punishers is more effective than occasional use of intense aversives.

False

In differential reinforcement, an unwanted behavior or rate of behavior is placed on extinction, and a more desirable behavior or rate of behavior is punished.

False

In using punishment, it is best with a weak punisher and gradually increase its strength as needed.

False

Positive punishment and negative punishment both involve averisves.

False

Positive punishment is sometimes called penalty training

False

Punishment is the same as retribution

False

Time-out is an example of negative reinforcement (if its effective)

False

negative punishment necessarily involved aversives

False

The one-process theory of punishment goes back to ________.

Thorndlike

Abnormal behavior may persist despite aversive consequences because it also produces reinforcing consequences.

True

Abnormal behavior may persist despite aversive consequences because its also produces reinforcing consequences.

True

Although punishment can have negative side effects, there is evidence that it can also have positive side effects.

True

An early theory of punishment proposed that response suppression occurred because aversives disrupt ongoing behavior.

True

As with reinforcement, longer delays between the behavior and its consequence are less effective when using punishment.

True

Contiguity and contingency are important concepts for both reinforcement and punishment

True

Differential schedules are often used an effective alternatives to punishment.

True

For punishment to be effective, it needs to be severe.

True

In general, the smaller the level reinforcer deprivation, the more effective a punisher is.

True

Negative punishment is sometimes called penalty training

True

Negative punishment is sometimes called response cost

True

One problem with punishment is that the person being punished may learn to completely avoid the enviornment or situation where he or she was punished.

True

One way to make punishment more effective is to provide an alternative means of obtaining reinforcement.

True

Positive punishment and negative reinforcement both involve averisves.

True

The goal of a DRL schedule is to stop behavior completely.

True

When using a DRL schedule of 10 seconds, any response that occurs after 10 seconds has elapsed will result in a reinforcer being delivered.

True

When using punishment to suppress an undesirable behavior, it is important to provide alternative means of obtaining the reinforcers that have maintained that behavior.

True

all studies of the intensity of punishment have found that the greater the intensity of the punishing stimulus, the greater the reduction of the punished response.

True

negative reinforcement necessarily involves aversive

True

positive punishment necessarily involves aversives

True

In positive punishment, a stimulus that serves as a punisher is called a(n) _________.

aversive

As with reinforcement, punishment is most effective when a partial schedule is used.

false

In general, the greater the level reinforcer deprivation, the more effective a punisher is.

false

When using a DRL schedule of 10 seconds, any response that occurs before 10 seconds has elapsed will result in a reinforcer being delivered.

false

All of the following enhance the effectiveness of punishment except _______.

increasing the reinforcer deprivation level

Generally speaking, the more intense a punisher, the _______.

more its suppresses behavior

The two-process theory of punishment assumes that punishment involves ___________.

pavlovian and operant learning

Negative punishment is also sometimes called ______ training.

penalty

Farmer Gable had a problem with motorcyclists riding across his meadow land, tearing up sod and frightening his cattle. He installed barbed wire fencing in the area and no longer had a problem. Gabe's approach is best described as an example of

response prevention

Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to ______.

reduce its effectiveness

If a rat receives a shock each time it presses a lever, but not otherwise, we can say that _______.

shock is contingent on lever pressing

The word positive in positive punishment refers to the fact that _______.

something is added and behavior decreases

One problem with extinction as a way of reducing the frequency of potentially harmful behavior is that _________.

the behavior on extinction sometimes increases the first

If Charles Catania's thinking about reinforcement is applied to punishment, we can say that all of the following are true of punishment except _______.

the consequence of the behavior must be negative

A DRI schedule refers to differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior.

true

A suppression ratio of .5 means that behavior has not been suppressed.

true

Response prevention is an effective alternative to punishment.

true

When a student repeatedly behaves in an inappropriate way, probably the teacher's first step should be to ______.

try to discover what is reinforcing the behavior