Ch 9 Articulation
The tibial collateral ligament is frequently injured when the leg is forcibly ____ at the knee
Abducted
the tibial collateral ligament is frequently injured when the leg is forcibly ____ at the knee
Abducted
A shoulder separation refers to the ___ Joint
Acromioclavicular
A shoulder separation refers to the ___ joint
Acromioclavicular
A shoulder separation refries to the ____ joint
Acromioclavicular
____ Means to move toward and is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline of the body
Adduction
What is articular cartilage?
All articulating bone surfaces in a synovial joint are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage
What is a ligament
Are composed of dense regular connective tissue. Ligaments connect bone to bone and strengthen and reinforce most synovial joints
The repetitious compression/relaxation that occurs during exercise is vital for maintaining healthy ___ ____ which covers the end of the articulating bones in a synovial joint
Articular Cartilage
Name the joint between the atlas and the dens of the axis
Atlantoaxial
which are locations of synchondroses
Between Ribs and Sternum. Also found in Epiphyseal plate
Which are locations of Synchondroses
Between ribs and sternum Epiphyseal plate
Where do you find synchondroses that are specific only to children
Between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone
where are syndesmoses found in the body
Between the radius and ulna. Between the tibia and fibula.
___ Is a complex movement that occurs as a result of continuous sequence of flexion, adduction, extension and abduction
Circumduction
The ___ ligament of the knee, cross each other in the form of an X
Cruciate
Movement description
Dorseiflexion: Heels is lower than toes. Plantar flexion: Heels is higher than toes. Inversion: Soles turn inward. Eversion: Soles turn outward.
___ Occurs when the ankle joint is bent such that the superior surface of the foot and toes moves toward the leg
Dorsiflexion
Which are examples of hinge joints
Elbow Joint. Knee Joint. Interphalangeal Joints.
The superior movement of the mandible while closing the mouth is an example of _______.
Elevation
In___ the sole of the foot turns to face laterally
Eversion
Tendons help stabilize joints because they form a part of the synovial joint itself
False
A fractured hip is usually a fracture of the
Femoral neck
In the pubic symphysis the two pubic bones are joined by a pad of
Fibrocartilage
The ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called the __ ligament
Fibular Collateral Lateral Collateral
The ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called the___
Fibular and lateral
Bending your arm at the elbow is an example
Flexion
___ is movement in an anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the articulating bones.
Flexion
Where are syndesmoses found?
Found between radius and ulna. Also found between tibia and fibula.
Which are classified as synovial joints
Glenohumeral. Elbow Joint. Knee Joint. Temporomandibular.
3 types of fibrous joints matched to their functional joint classification
Gomphosis are synarthrosis Suture are synarthrosis Syndesmosis are amphiarthrois
Joint Descriptions
Gomphosis: Holds teeth in their sockets. Suture: Connects skull bones Syndesmosis: Between radius and ulna
the coal joint is the articulation between the ___ of the femur and the ___ of the os coxae
Head and the acetabulum
Which are classified as a ball-and-socket joint
Hip Joint Glenohumeral Joint
___ is the extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees.
Hyperextension
The PCL may be injured if the leg is
Hyperflexed
An example of a plane joint
Intercarpal Joint Intertarsal joint
The simplest synovial articulation and is the least mobile
Is the Plane Joint
A place of contact between bone and cartilage or between bones and other bones is called a ______.
Joint
The bones in a synovial joint are separated by a space called a ___ ____
Joint Cavity
____ rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus laterally
Lateral
___ ___ occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body
Lateral Flexion
The ligament on the lateral side of the knee is called the ___ ligament
Lateral collateral and Fibular collateral
___ Connect bones together and reinforce most synovial joints
Ligaments
injury to the fibular collateral ligament is fairly rare because
Medial blows to the knee are rare. The ligament is very strong.
there is a trade-off between ____ and ____ in every joint
Mobility and Stability
by monitoring stretch at a joint the ___ ___ can detect changes in our posture and adjust body movements.
Nervous system
the Spheno-occipital synchondrosis is found between the __ and the ___ bone
Occipital and Sphenoid
what is joint cavity
Only synovial joints house a joint cavity a space that contains a small amount of synovial fluid
The ___ Becomes taut when it is flexed and prevents hyper flexion of the knee joint
PCL
The atlantoaxial joint between the first two cervical vertebrae is classified as a
Pivot
Joints from the least mobile to the most mobile
Plane joint Hinge Joint Condylar Joint Saddle Joint Ball and Socket Joint
What is it called when the forearm rotates the palm to posterior
Pronation
___ Is the medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly
Pronation
The cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones is called the
Pubic symphysis
Above the patella is the ___
Quadriceps Femoris tendon
____ arthritis is an autoimmune disorder
Rheumatoid
The sternoclavicular joint is between the sternal end of the clavicle, the manubrium of the sternum, and the first costal cartilage is a ___ type of synovial joint.
Saddle Joint
The types of movement that can occur between the vertebrae in the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column are which of the following:
Spinal Flexion. Lateral Flexion. Spinal Extension
A ___ is a stretching or tearing of ligaments without fracture or dislocation of the joint
Sprain
Each form of arthritis presents the same symptoms ____ ____ and ____
Stiffness. Pain. Swelling.
The rotator cuff muscles include which of the following?
Subscapularis and teres minor. Supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
The palm of the hand is turning from a posterior position to an anterior position is called
Supination
which joints are synostoses that have distinct interlocking usually irregular edges that increase their strength
Sutures
Fibrocartilage of a __ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber
Symphysis
How is a gomphosis characterized, in terms of movement
Synarthrosis
An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a
Synchondrosis
3 types of cartilaginous joints matched to their functional joint classification
Synchondrosis are synarthrosis Symphysis are Amphiarthrosis Synovial are all Diarthroses
Which of the following is a joint in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue
Syndesmoses
Which of the following joints can have a broad ligament sheet called an interosseous membrane
Syndesmoses
Which type of joint would one find between the radius and the ulna ?
Syndesmosis
When bones have completely fused across the suture line, what used to be sutures are now called
Synostoses
A___ joint has a fluid-filled joint cavity between articulating surfaces of the bones.
Synovial
What acts as a shock absorber when synovial joints are moving and pressure in the joint increases
Synovial fluid
Damage to the ___ Joint may include headaches and sinus pressure
Temporomandibular
The __ joint is the only mobile joint between skulls bones
Temporomandibular
the___ joint is the articulation formed at the point where the head of the mandible articulates with the tubercle of the temporal bone anteriorly and the mandibular fossa posteriorly
Temporomandibular
_____ ____ are elongated bursae that wrap around tendons where there may be excessive friction
Tendon sheaths
___ are compose of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscle to bones
Tendons
___ are composed of dense regular connective tissue and attach muscles to bone
Tendons
The glenohumeral joint is between the head of the humerus and the__ __ of the scapula
The Glenoid Cavity
a noticeable surface deformity of a dislocated shoulder would be which of the following
The acromion appears more pointed
The deltoid ligament is also called
The medial Ligament
Tendon sheath, Bursae, Fat Pads, Ligaments, articular Cartilage, Synovial fluid, joint cavity and articular capsule are all examples of
They are all components of synovial joints
The ACL is rather weak compare to the other knee ligaments
True
When the epiphyseal plate closes a synchondrosis no longer exists
True
When you spread your fingers or toes apart, away from the longest digit, which acts like the midline, you are performing _______.
abduction
What are fat pads?
areas of fat covered by synovial membrane
___ is the inferior movement of a part of the body
depression
What is a tendon sheath?
elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
What is a bursae?
fluid-filled sac that acts as a ball bearing to reduce friction
In a ___ motion, the angle between the bones does not change and only limited movement is possible in any direction
gliding motion
____ Connect bones together and reinforce most synovial joints
ligaments
The most common type of arthritis is
osteoarthritis
The most common type of ankle sprain is due to
over-inversion
the articular surface of the sacrum and ilia form the ___ joint
sacroiliac joint
What is synovial fluid
slippery lubricant in joint cavity
___ ____ nourishes the chondrocytes of the articular cartilage in a synovial joint
synovial fluid
The joint capsule has an inner layer called the
synovial membrane