Ch. 9 Homework

What is the goal of the use of a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in the patient's room?

Air decontamination

Which of the following is most appropriate for use for skin antisepsis when performing a routine dressing change of the central venous line?

Alcohol and Chlorhexidine

What is the most important point of teaching for visitors to prevent the patient's exposure to further infection?

Hand hygiene by washing or antiseptic application when entering or leaving room.

Incorporated into urinary catheters

Pure silver ions

Topical germicide on mouth ulcers and root canals

Silver nitrate

The RN applies a silver-impregnated dressing to the ulcer. What is the rationale for the use of silver dressings in wound care?

Silver possesses antimicrobial activity

Used in an ointment on second and third degree burns

Silver sulfadiazine

When an egg is fried, what happens to the protein in the egg?

The protein is denatured.

Choose the statement that identifies the major disadvantage of both cold and desiccation in terms of microbial control.

These methods are bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal.

The ____________ of the agent as well as its ____________ against microbes also play a role in its ability to inactivate microbes

concentration; mode of action

Select the appropriate uses of hydrogen peroxide for antimicrobial purposes.

contact lens disinfection low temperature sterilizing cabinets for colonoscopes wound cleansing

Select two methods that can be used for long-term preservation of microbial cultures.

deep freezing (-70 celsius to -135 celsius) lyophilization

Dessication

dehydration by exposure to normal room air

What is the RN's most appropriate action with used needles following the completion of the procedure?

discarding

Please choose the answer that best completes the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. A(n) _________ would be used to destroy bacteria on a countertop whereas a(n) _________ would be used on skin prior to making an incision.

disinfectant; antiseptic

Select the applications of ethylene oxide sterilization.

dried food and spices plastics prepackaged medical devices

Radiation

gamma and xrays UV rays

What is the most important action by the RN prior to beginning the dressing change?

hand hygiene

In general, ____________ temperatures allow ____________ exposure times, while ____________ temperatures require ____________ exposure times.

higher; shorter; lower; longer

In the stable form of protein, what is generally oriented to the interior of the protein molecule?

hydrophobic portions

Such antimicrobials exhibit a range of cellular targets, the ____________ selective being the most effective against the widest range of microbes and the ____________ selective agents exhibiting specificity in terms of cellular targets and microbial types they are effective against.

least; most

Select the advantages of phenolic compounds as antimicrobial agents.

remain effective in the presence of organic matter strongly microbicidal

The helix that forms in a protein chain as a result of hydrogen bonds and other weak forces is an example of

secondary structure of protein.

Requires use of an autoclave. To sterilize, temperature must reach 121°C for a minimum of 15 minutes.

steam under pressure

Select the statement that describes the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine.

targets cell membrane components and denatures proteins

The ____________ as well as the ____________ level of the environment will also influence the action of microbicidal agents.

temp; pH

Adequate sterilization requires that both ____________ and length of ____________ be properly controlled.

temperature; exposure

An optional measurement used to compare the susceptibility of microbes to heat is the ____________ , which is defined as the lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes.

thermal death point

In terms of these strategies, the ____________ is defined as the shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature.

thermal death time

The effectiveness of a particular microbicidal agent is governed by several factors besides ____________ .

time

The shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature is the thermal death __________ whereas the lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample within 10 minutes is the thermal death _________.

time; point

Requires three successive cycles of exposure to free-flowing steam (100°C) alternating with 24-hour incubation periods. Will not kill endospores.

tyndallization

When forming a semisolid gel such as gelatin, what type of molecule does the process of protein coagulation entrap?

water

Select those characteristics of a chemical control agent that make it a desirable agent.

water or alcohol soluble and stable cidal to a wide range of microbes, but nontoxic to humans and animal tissue rapidly effective in low concentrations inexpensive

Destruction of all microbial life including bacterial endospores

1-Sterilization

Percentage of iodine in surgical scrubs

2-10%

Mechanical removal of most microbes from living or inanimate surfaces

2-Decontamination

Reduction of most microbial life on inanimate surfaces

3-Disinfection

Percentage of hydrogen peroxide used in sterilization of delicate instruments

35%

Reduction of most microbial life on living tissue

4-Antisepsis

Percentage of ethyl alcohol in most skin degerming agents

70%

Percentage of bacteria and fungi (vegetative stages) destroyed by pasteurization

97-99%

The wound care RN uses hydrogen peroxide in wound cleansing. Which of the following terms best represents the treatment goal with the application of this chemical agent?

Antisepsis

During a surgical procedure, the RN observes a surgeon wearing sterile gloves brush his posterior hand surface on a tray. The tray had been cleaned with a liquid chemical agent. What is the most appropriate action by the RN?

Assertion to the surgeon that a change of gloves is necessary before continuing the procedure

Which of the following are correctly matched?

Bactericidal—kills bacteria Bacteriostatic—inhibits the growth of bacteria

Which of the following would not be killed by standard-concentration hydrogen peroxide?

Endospores

Regarding use of heat to control microbial growth, dry heat at lower temperatures is as effective as moist heat at the same temperature.

F

Ionizing and nonionizing radiation can be used in microbial control. Which of the following statements are true regarding the use of radiation?

Ionizing radiation has good penetrating power. Ionizing radiation can be used to sterilize heat-sensitive materials. UV light is an example of nonionizing radiation. Nonionizing radiation cannot penetrate solid objects.

Antiseptic

Mercury merthiolate

The patient has a central venous line for administration of IV fluids and medications. Which of the following interventions demonstrates aseptic technique by the RN when manipulating the line?

all of these

100°C, 30 minutes will disinfect but will not sterilize.

boiling water

Moist heat

boiling water pasteurization nonpressurized steam steam under pressure

Another potential target is the ____________ , whose surface tension can be reduced by various microbicidal agents resulting in a loss of selective permeability in the cell

cell membrane

Which of the following represent the cellular targets for physical and chemical control agents?

cell membrane cellular synthesis of DNA and RNA proteins cell wall

Potential cellular targets of various physical and chemical forms of antimicrobials include the ____________ , whose synthesis can be blocked by these agents or whose structure can be altered as well.

cell wall

Choose the method used to sterilize a bacteriologic loop before and after inoculating a culture in the laboratory.

incineration

Dry heat

incineration hot-air oven

An antimicrobial agent's adverse effect on cells is known as its ____________

mode of action.

The ____________ of microbes affects the action of an agent, as does the ____________ of the population.

number; composition

Finally, the presence of ____________ matter, such as saliva and blood, also inhibit the action of many microbicidal agents.

organic

Heat applied to beverages to prevent spoilage and kill pathogens. Protocols include holding liquids at 71.6°C for 15 seconds or at 63°C for 30 minutes. Does not sterilize.

pasteurization

What type of bonds link individual amino acids together?

peptide bonds

What is the most appropriate method of sterilization for metallic surgical instruments?

pressurized steam

Which of the following microbes may still be present on sterile surgical instruments?

prions

From the list below, choose the two most resistant microbial forms.

prions endospores

Finally, physical and chemical agents can interfere with ____________ synthesis and activity through denaturation, and they can also disrupt the synthesis or structure of ____________ .

protein; nucleic acids