Ch 9 Infant Elsevier Evolve Wong's Essentials

An infant who does not pull to a standing position by 11 to 12 months of age should be further evaluated for what?

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

The nurse, while performing an assessment of a 12-month-old infant, discovers that the infant cannot pull himself to a standing position. For what should the infant be further evaluated?

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

The nurse is performing a routine assessment of a 6-month-old infant. What should the nurse tell the mother about the introduction of solid foods?

Rice is a good first food because it is easily digested and low in allergenic potential.

In what phase of cognitive development are infants, according to Piaget?

Sensorimotor

What is the normal age that the anterior fontanel closes?

14 months

What gross motor skill are infants able to perform at 7 months of age?

Sitting erect momentarily

A parent of an 8-month-old infant expressed that the infant cannot walk even a few steps and is unable to sit without support. The nurse gave a toy to the infant and found that the infant was able to transfer the toy between the hands. What should be the most appropriate response of the nurse to the parent?

"At this age the babies do not walk; they may walk after a few months more."

The parent of a 12-month-old says to the nurse, "He pushes the teaspoon right out of my hand when I feed him. I can't let him feed himself; he makes too much of a mess." What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

"He's at the age when he should begin to feed himself. Let's think of ways to make the mess more tolerable."

According to Erikson, infancy is concerned with acquiring a sense of what?

Trust

The mother of a 6-month old infant tells the nurse she is concerned about her son's nutrition because he pushes the spoonful of baby food away as soon as she brings it to his mouth. What is the most appropriate response to the mother's concern?

"Just keep presenting the spoon to him even though he pushes it away."

The parents of a 4-month-old infant girl bring the infant to the clinic for a well-baby checkup. Which instruction about injury prevention should the nurse include at this time?

"When she learns to roll over, you'll need to continue to supervise whenever she's on a surface that she could fall from."

At what age would the nurse expect an infant to be able to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning?

10 months

At what age is an infant expected to say three to five words besides "dada" and "mama"?

12 months PG 306

The nurse observes that an infant kisses the parent when the parent asks for it. The baby is able to sit down from standing position without help and tries to imitate animal sounds. The nurse tests the baby for Babinski reflex and finds that it has disappeared. What is the approximate age of this baby?

12 months PG 306

By what age do the primitive reflexes disappear in an infant?

4 months

At what age do children begin smiling at their own mirror image?

5 months PG 303

On assessment, the nurse notices that the child is able to sit leaning forward on both hands and can transfer objects from one hand to another. The child can fixate on very small objects and produce vowel sounds and chained syllables. The child also seems fearful of strangers. What is the approximate age of the child?

7 months PG 304

The nurse is assessing a healthy 6-month-old infant who weighed 3.5 kg at birth. Approximately how many kilograms does the nurse expect the infant to weigh now?

7.0

The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant who smiles, coos, and exhibits a strong head lag. The nurse, drawing on knowledge of growth and development, recognizes which true statement?

A developmental and neurologic evaluation is needed.

Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of a 5-month-old infant?

Able to grasp an object voluntarily PG 303

An infant is diagnosed with iron deficiency and prescribed iron syrup. What instructions should the nurse give to the parents regarding administration of the syrup? Select all that apply.

Avoid giving the iron syrup along with milk products. Rinse the child's mouth thoroughly after administering the syrup. Give orange juice or citrus fruit after administering the syrup.

A 6-month-old infant has been recently diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and is treated with iron supplements. After 2 days the parent of the infant complains of black stools in the infant and is very worried about it. What advice should be given to the parent?

Black stools are one of the common side effects of iron supplements; hence there is no need to worry. PG 318

An infant is treated with a liquid iron preparation as a supplement. How does the nurse ensure safe and proper administration of the liquid iron supplementation? Select all that apply.

By administering the medication with a dropper towards the back of mouth By educating the parents that iron supplementation will turn stools to a black color By educating the parents to avoid administering with milk products in order to increase absorption

A lactating mother is advised to consume fenugreek with an intention to increase breast milk supply. For what possible adverse effects due to maternal use of fenugreek does the nurse assess the baby? Select all that apply.

Colic Diarrhea

The nurse is guiding an infant's parents in selecting a daycare facility for their child. What are the most important areas that the nurse should encourage the parents to evaluate before they choose a facility? Select all that apply.

Discipline policy Safety measures Caregiver-to-student ratio Infection-conrtol procedures

A mother with a newborn baby has to leave her baby for several days due to professional obligations. How does the nurse educate this mother about proper utilization of expressed breast milk? Select all that apply.

Expressed breast milk can be stored up to 6 months by freezing it. Milk can safely be stored up to 5 days in the refrigerator at 4° C (39° F). The milk should be stored in an airtight glass or plastic container.

The nurse is educating the mother of a 2-month-old infant about the importance of safety promotion and injury prevention during infancy. What types of injuries are common in this age group? Select all that apply.

Falls Aspiration Suffocation Motor vehicle crashes

The mother of a 3-month-old breastfed infant asks about giving the baby water because it is summer and very warm. What should the nurse tell the mother?

Fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed.

What is the most important factor in determining the degree of fit between an infant's temperament and the interactions between the child and parents?

Harmony between the parent's expectations and the child's actual temperament

The mother of a 12-month-old boy tells the nurse that she is very concerned because her child is still sucking his thumb. She asks the nurse how she can get her child to stop this "annoying behavior." Before giving advice, what should the nurse do?

Investigate the mother's feelings regarding her son's behavior.

The nurse determines that a 3-month-old baby is being fed with low-fat milk. About what does the nurse teach the parents with regard to the drawbacks of low-fat milk? Select all that apply.

Low-fat milk is high in sodium. Low-fat milk contains inadequate essential fatty acids.

A community health nurse is educating mothers about infant safety and injury prevention. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Maintain one hand on the infant at all times while in the bath tub.

A 4-month-old baby sustained minor oral burns from drinking hot milk. The nurse learns that the parent had warmed the expressed breast milk in a microwave for 3 minutes before giving it to the baby. What should the nurse advise the parent?

Never use a microwave for warming the expressed breast milk.

The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old baby for social skills and cognition development. The parent expresses that the baby has become fussy during bottle feeding. The baby is unable to roll from back to side and does not recognize the parent or the feeding bottle. What findings in the baby should raise concern regarding the development of social skills and cognition?

Not recognizing feeding bottle

An 8-month-old baby is on supplemental iron. The nurse learns that the baby is fed with broiled chicken liver, mashed hard boiled egg yolk and iron-fortified cereal. What advice should be given to the parents of the baby? Select all that apply.

Obtain order to stop iron supplement Continue broiled chicken liver in diet.

What factors place an infant at risk for reactive attachment disorder? Select all that apply.

Parental alcoholism Parental mental illness Being a victim of neglect Having been in foster care

A parent works the night shift and keeps the expressed breast milk in the freezer at the office and brings frozen milk home to feed the baby. What is the best way to warm the frozen milk before feeding the baby?

Place the container with frozen milk in a lukewarm water bath to warm it.

The parent of a 10-month-old infant tells the nurse that the baby cries and screams whenever being left with the grandparents. What is the nurse's best response?

Stranger anxiety is common for an infant of this age.

An 8-month-old infant who clings to the parent, cries, and turns away from a new babysitter is exhibiting what?

Stranger fear

The nurse is educating a group of new mothers about the proportional changes that occur in newborns. Which of the nurse's claims pertaining to proportional changes is appropriate? Select all that apply.

The average height attained by 6 months is 65 cm (25.5 inches). The average size of the head is 46 cm (18 inches) at 12 months. Babies gain up to 210 g (7 oz) weekly until they are 5 months old.

An infant who is treated with iron supplements has developed constipation. The parents ask the nurse if they can use the low-iron containing formula to help the child. What should the nurse tell them?

They should not switch to low-iron containing formula or whole milk.

Which infant is at risk for vitamin D-deficiency rickets?

Those in whom yogurt is used as a primary source of milk

The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are worried about their baby's thumb-sucking. On what knowledge should the nurse's reply be based?

Thumb-sucking should be discouraged when permanent teeth begin to erupt.

A nurse instructs the mother of a 7-month-old infant to refrain from using a pacifier. What is the rationale for this teaching?

To prevent otitis media

The nurse instructs a mother to not give honey to the baby until the child is 1 year old. Why does a nurse discourage the use of honey until a baby attains 12 months of age?

To reduce the risk of botulism in the child

The nurse is assessing the health records of a year old infant. The recordings of the infant's weight at birth and at 7 months of age were 3250 g and 5000 g respectively. The infant's current weight is 9800 g. The infant was 67 cm tall at 6 months of age. What should the nurse tell the mother regarding the gain of weight and height? Select all that apply.

Weight gain from birth to 6 months is poor in the infant. Weight gain from 6 months to 12 months is good in the infant.