ch 9 Noba Quiz - Psych 100

Persuasion is most effective when individuals are:

not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened

Which trick to persuasion can be loosely summarized by the saying, "If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours?"

reciprocity

Specific, sometimes minute, aspects of a situation that activate fixed action patterns are called __________ features.

trigger

What part do negative feelings play in subjective well-being?

Negative feelings are functional and should be experienced as appropriate but only some of the time.

Which of the following effects of money might interfere with happiness?

Pursuing money can lead us to give up social relations, spirituality, or interests.

Rafael has joined the Spanish Club at his school. According to the social identity theory, what is Rafael likely to do when he meets individuals from the German Club or French Club and defines them as outgroup members?

Rafael will exaggerate the similarities amongst outgroup members.

According to the stereotype content model, what would be a person's most likely response to a person who is perceived as being low in warmth and low in competence?

contempt

Based on your understanding of the research of Solomon Asch, you know that of all of the following choices, the person most likely to demonstrate conformity would be:

Mika, a 23-year old Japanese woman

What is a potential positive outcome of the planning fallacy?

People might attempt projects that otherwise might have been avoided had the amount of effort or time needed been understood.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about affective forecasting?

People tend to be accurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative feelings but inaccurate regarding the strength or duration of these emotions.

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding blatant biases?

People who openly hate one group of people also tend to hate others.

Jason believes that all Asian people are good at math. What is this belief an example of?

a stereotype

Aversive racism is an example of ________ bias.

ambiguous

The ________ heuristic is one in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is evaluated based on how easily examples come to mind.

availability

Which of the following is an implicit attitude task: the task presents images of faces of men and women and then measures the time it takes the research participant to label the photo as good or bad?

evaluative priming task

Randy has joined a new social club on campus. Is it likely that Randy will:

form the impressions he makes of these club members after only one meeting

Clara is extremely hungry after having a 3 hour meeting. She wants food as quickly as possible but is unsure of where to eat. Because of her motivation to eat, she makes a quick decision to eat at the coffee shop a few buildings away. Her motivation to make a quick decision is an example of what concept?

need for closure

Tracy enters a car dealership interested in buying a new car. Immediately she is greeted by a salesman offering her water or soda and a cookie. The salesman is likely relying on what social norm to help persuade Tracy to buy a car?

reciprocity

Thinking and feeling that your life is going well is defined as what?

subjective well-being

__________ is an evaluation or emotion toward people merely based on their group membership.

Prejudice

What is the difference between Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism?

SDO concentrates on economic conflicts while Right-wing Authoritarianism concentrates on value conflicts.

People naturally use mental "shortcuts" to simplify their social world. These shortcuts are known as:

heuristics

Why do researchers who are interested in subjective well-being take the time to observe changes in immune system and brain regions in addition to asking people to report on their own happiness levels?

to better measure happiness in individuals

Kylo is taking a social psychology course and his teacher asks students to take a computerized test that asks them to sort pictures into different categories, such as "good" and "bad." The goal of this test is to help identify automatic preferences of which a person may not be consciously aware. What is this test called?

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Why do scientists sometimes avoid using the word happiness when referring to subjective well-being?

It is a popular word that can refer to different things such as feeling good or being satisfied.

Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios?

John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment.

In Asch's classic study of conformity, what were research participants asked to do?

Judge the sizes of lines that were on a card held a few feet away from them.

Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they were delivering electric shocks to a helpless victim?

Milgram

Under which of the following circumstances would you expect a person to demonstrate the highest level of conformity in Solomon Asch's research protocol?

Orlando has to give his choice out loud.

Alice's Hotel has noticed that they spend a lot of money on water and electricity devoted to washing linens (towels, sheets, and pillowcases). In order to reduce this expense, the owner wants to encourage guests to reuse linens for more than one day. What would be the best way to accomplish this task?

Put a note on the bed indicating that most of their guests reuse linens, and asking this guest to do the same.

Which of the following is the most accurate with regards to self-report happiness measures?

Self-report can used for measure happiness but because these assessments are flawed it is helpful to use them along with other types of measures.

Which researcher is well-known for having conducted a study of conformity that involved having participants express a judgment of the sizes of lines?

Solomon Asch

Dr. Chui is trying to make recommendations to her client, Gary, to increase his subjective well-being. In this scenario, Dr. Chui is likely to do which of the following?

Tailor specific feedback for Gary since no one single recommendation is appropriate for everyone.

Which of the following is an example of manipulating the trustworthiness of a speaker?

The speaker presents his/her message as educational or objective information.

Why do some salespeople try to start a new interaction by asking for something small from a potential customer (e.g., "Just answer one quick question")?

They know getting small acts of cooperation may lead to larger actions in the same direction.

How is it that schemas help people save time as they have new experiences or encounter new people or objects on a daily basis?

We compare new experiences to previously stored schemas and this allows us to put forth less effort to assess those new encounters.

What are the three characteristics of a speaker that makes him/her more trustworthy when delivering a persuasive message?

authority, honest, likability

While walking out of a convenience store, Nicholas openly mocks the clerk's accent to his friend. "EVERY convenience store I go into is owned by an Indian," he says. "Can't they do anything else?" Nicholas's open expression of his opinion and his lack of embarrassment suggests that this is a(n) ________ bias.

blatant

The ________ route to persuasion employs direct, relevant, and logical messages to convince a listener to make a specific change.

central

When being considered for a job opening, people being interviewed often mirror the interviewer's behavior. This can be explained by what concept?

chameleon effect

Shania notices that all of her high school friends have started wearing glitter eye shadow to school. She doesn't really like the look but she wants to fit in with the crowd, so she starts wearing it too. Shania has engaged in __________.

conformity

Having sufficient social resources helps support individuals' subjective well-being. Which of the following is the best example of these resources?

having a friend you can turn to in times of need

Nora has decided to visit the new community recreation center for a swim. As she enters the change room she notices both of the two other people present put their shoes into a locker. Before she walks out to the pool she does the same. What concept helps explain her actions?

informational influence

Life satisfaction has been found to be _______ in underdeveloped economic nations likely because __________________________.

low; citizens cannot get sufficient material resources

It is a natural and adaptive social process to classify people into groups. However, because we inhabit one of these groups, we tend to favor our ingroup. What concept explains this tendency to put people, including yourself, into groups?

self-categorization theory

__________ influence refers to conformity that results from a desire to act in a manner that is clearly socially approved such as speaking softly in libraries.

Informational

Which of the following is true of Milgram's (1963, 1965, 1974) research on obedience to authority?

With each increment of shock voltage, fewer participants obeyed, but about 65% still administered 450 volts (the highest level).

During a political debate, one candidate continually avoids questions about the details of his policies. Instead, he focuses on pointing out problems that he know worry people and reassures them with a warm smile that they will be "in good hands" if he is elected. This candidate is using the ________ route to persuasion in trying to garner votes.

peripheral

The ________ route to persuasion relies on superficial cues that have little to do with logic. It requires a target who is not thinking carefully about what you are saying.

peripheral

Examples of top-down causes of subjective well-being include:

personality, outlook, and resilience