ch five the healing process

what occurs as a result of vasodilation?

--swelling (edema)/hematoma (pooling of blood) --release of chemicals ex: heparin --increase in capillary permeability --increase in blood viscosity --bleeding approximately 36 hours

identify five local factors (not systemic) that can delay the healing of a soft tissue injury

1. extent (size) of injury 2. amount of hemorrhage and edema 3. muscle spasm 4. inflammation 5. infection

describe the strength of the healing tissue at 3-4 weeks post-injury + 3-4 months post injury

3-4 weeks: only 25% of normal 3-4 months: 70% of normal

the tensile strength of a wound 6-8 weeks post-injury is approximately ___ % of normal

50

the repair phase of healing includes which of the following processes? I) phagocytosis II) angiogenisis III) fibrous tissue formation IV) wound contraction V) decreased fibroblast activity A. All of the above B. I, II, and III C. II, III, and IV D. II, IV, and V

all of the above

explain the significance of granulation tissue in the repair phase

come into the area and lay down collagen

what concerns are associated with complete immobilization of a body part following a soft tissue injury? why?

complete immobilization of the injury leads to atrophy/loss of strength/decreased rate of healing in those tissues. Increased risk of reinjury exist as long as the affected tissues are below pre-injury strength weak repair + delayed healing

t/f? local factors at the site of a wound can delay the healing process; in comparison, systemic factors are not cause for concern as they cannot impede the healing process

false

t/f? neutrophils and macrophages are immature connective tissue cells released into the injured area by the exudate

false -- it's fibroblasts

what is exudate?

fluid with cellular debris and high protein content

what is the purpose of capillary budding?

increase blood supply to area

the beginning of the acute inflammatory phase of healing involves processes which

increase the flow of blood to the wound area

what are the three phases in the healing process? how long does each phase last?

inflammatory phase (0-6 days) repair/proliferative phase (appx. three days following injury/6-8weeks) maturation/remodeling phase (up to 1+ yrs)

why is it important for a coach, physical educator, and fitness specialist to understand the healing process?

it helps determine the appropriate management of an injury and how to monitor the healing process

what is phagocytosis?

leukocytes ingest cellular debris + prepare the area for healing neutrophils: eat bacteria macrophages: eat neutrophils + cellular debris

whats the significance of vasoconstriction in the first phase of healing?

marks the beginning of blood coagulation; initiates clotting lasts a few secs to 10 mins

primary vs. secondary injury zone

primary: area of injured tissue prior to vasodilation (unchangeable) secondary: region of tissue damage following vasodilation

describe scar tissue + it's significance of movement in the remodeling phase

scar tissue is fibrous/inelastic/nonvascular less strong/functionable than original tissue

hypoxia refers to the

the disruption of oxygen supply

phagocytosis refers to

the ingestion of cellular debris and waste products

t/f? the repair phase begins when the hematoma's size decreases enough to permit room for growth of new tissue

true

what takes place during the acute inflammatory phase?

vasoconstriction vasodilation phagocytosis

can the actions of the coach, physical educator, and fitness specialist as the first responder to an acute soft tissue injury influence the primary or secondary injury zone? why?

yes, you can adjust the local factors

what take place during the remodeling phase of the healing process?

• continued recession of fibroblasts • initial haphazard formation goes through modification -- slow realignment of collagen fibers -- oriented to lines of stress