ch five the healing process
what occurs as a result of vasodilation?
--swelling (edema)/hematoma (pooling of blood) --release of chemicals ex: heparin --increase in capillary permeability --increase in blood viscosity --bleeding approximately 36 hours
identify five local factors (not systemic) that can delay the healing of a soft tissue injury
1. extent (size) of injury 2. amount of hemorrhage and edema 3. muscle spasm 4. inflammation 5. infection
describe the strength of the healing tissue at 3-4 weeks post-injury + 3-4 months post injury
3-4 weeks: only 25% of normal 3-4 months: 70% of normal
the tensile strength of a wound 6-8 weeks post-injury is approximately ___ % of normal
50
the repair phase of healing includes which of the following processes? I) phagocytosis II) angiogenisis III) fibrous tissue formation IV) wound contraction V) decreased fibroblast activity A. All of the above B. I, II, and III C. II, III, and IV D. II, IV, and V
all of the above
explain the significance of granulation tissue in the repair phase
come into the area and lay down collagen
what concerns are associated with complete immobilization of a body part following a soft tissue injury? why?
complete immobilization of the injury leads to atrophy/loss of strength/decreased rate of healing in those tissues. Increased risk of reinjury exist as long as the affected tissues are below pre-injury strength weak repair + delayed healing
t/f? local factors at the site of a wound can delay the healing process; in comparison, systemic factors are not cause for concern as they cannot impede the healing process
false
t/f? neutrophils and macrophages are immature connective tissue cells released into the injured area by the exudate
false -- it's fibroblasts
what is exudate?
fluid with cellular debris and high protein content
what is the purpose of capillary budding?
increase blood supply to area
the beginning of the acute inflammatory phase of healing involves processes which
increase the flow of blood to the wound area
what are the three phases in the healing process? how long does each phase last?
inflammatory phase (0-6 days) repair/proliferative phase (appx. three days following injury/6-8weeks) maturation/remodeling phase (up to 1+ yrs)
why is it important for a coach, physical educator, and fitness specialist to understand the healing process?
it helps determine the appropriate management of an injury and how to monitor the healing process
what is phagocytosis?
leukocytes ingest cellular debris + prepare the area for healing neutrophils: eat bacteria macrophages: eat neutrophils + cellular debris
whats the significance of vasoconstriction in the first phase of healing?
marks the beginning of blood coagulation; initiates clotting lasts a few secs to 10 mins
primary vs. secondary injury zone
primary: area of injured tissue prior to vasodilation (unchangeable) secondary: region of tissue damage following vasodilation
describe scar tissue + it's significance of movement in the remodeling phase
scar tissue is fibrous/inelastic/nonvascular less strong/functionable than original tissue
hypoxia refers to the
the disruption of oxygen supply
phagocytosis refers to
the ingestion of cellular debris and waste products
t/f? the repair phase begins when the hematoma's size decreases enough to permit room for growth of new tissue
true
what takes place during the acute inflammatory phase?
vasoconstriction vasodilation phagocytosis
can the actions of the coach, physical educator, and fitness specialist as the first responder to an acute soft tissue injury influence the primary or secondary injury zone? why?
yes, you can adjust the local factors
what take place during the remodeling phase of the healing process?
• continued recession of fibroblasts • initial haphazard formation goes through modification -- slow realignment of collagen fibers -- oriented to lines of stress
