Ch.1 Nutrition
Which of the following describes the legal limitations, if any, for a person who disseminates dietary advice to the public?
A license to practice as a nutritionist or dietitian is required by some states
The % of calorie intakes for protein , fat, and carbs that are thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases are termed
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
What is the benefit of using placebos in an experiment?
All subjects receive a treatment
Which of the following represents a food choice based on negative association?
An elderly gentleman who refuses a pb&j sandwich because he deems it is a child's food
Which of the following is an overt symptom of iron deficiency?
Anemia
Which of the following is used to detect nutrient deficiencies?
Assessment techinques
Which of the following represents the usual sequence of stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency resulting from inadequate intake?
Declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs
Which of the following is a result of the metabolism of energy nutrients?
Energy is released
Which of the following is not a set of values within the DRI?
Estimated Average Allowances
Recommended Dietary Allowances are based on
Estimated Average Requirement
What set of values is used to recommend the average kcalorie intake that maintains population groups in energy balance?
Estimated Energy Requirement
Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?
Fats
Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients?
Fiber
How are the RDA for almost all vitamin and mineral intakes set?
High, to cover virtually all healthy individuals
As a registered dietitian at Jones Hospital, you are instructed to write a policy statement. Which of the following are the most useful parameters for the nutrition assessment of individuals?
Historical info, anthropometric data, physical examinations, lab test
A clinical trial must involve
Human beings as subjects
Which of the following would most likely lead to primary nutrient deficiency?
Inadequate nutrient intake
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the vitamins?
Inorganic
Which of the following cannot add fat to the body?
Inorganic nutrients
Features of a chronic disease include all of the following except
It produces sharp pains
All of the following sets of values are included in the dietary reference intakes except
LUT
To identify early-stage malnutrition, a health professional would use which of the following parameters?
Laboratory tests
Overcooking a food is least likely to affect which of the following groups of nutrients?
Minerals
What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment?
Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group
Which of the following nutrient sources yields more than 4 calories per gram?
Plant fats
Which of the following leading causes of death in the U.S. does not bear a relationship to diet?
Pneumonia and influenza
You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. as the subject walk into the lab, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to girls and all the placebo pills to boys. What steps should you have done differently?
Prevented yourself from knowing what was in the pill bottles, and distributed the bottles randomly to the subjects
The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is termed the
Recommended Dietary Allowance
For which of the following titles, by definition, must the individual be college educated and pass a national exam administered by the American Dietetic Association?
Registered Dietician
Which of the following best describes a college-educated nutrition and food specialist who is qualified to make evaluations of the nutritional health of people?
Registered dietitian
Who would be the most appropriate person to consult regarding nutrition info?
Registered dietitian
Which of the following is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake?
Setting nutrient goals for individuals
Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients ?
Some become dissolved in body fluids
Which of the following most accurately describes the term organic?
Substances with carbon-carobon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
What entity coordinates nutrition-related activities of federal agencies?
The National Nutrition Monitoring program
A health magazine contacted you for your expert opinion on what measure best describes the amounts of nutrients that should be consumed by the population. Your reply should be :
The RDI bc they represent the average daily amount of nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people.
What does the Tolerable Upper Intake Level Level of a nutrient represent
The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people
Which of the following statements defines the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease?
The more risk factors for a disease, the greater the chance of developing that disease
Which of the following is not a feature of the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA)?
The percentage of people covered is known for both values
Among the following , which is the major weakness of a laboratory-based study
The results cannot be applied to human beings
What is the benefit of using controls in an experiment?
The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the composition of all foods?
They contain mixtures of the 3 energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate
Which of the following factors make the greatest contribution to deaths in the U.S?
Tobacco
What behavior is the major cause of death in the U.S.?
Tobacco use
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the minerals?
Unstable to light
When consumed in excess, all of the following can be converted to body fat and stored except
Vitamin C
Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient ?
Vitamin C
Which of the following nutrients does not yield energy during its metabolism?
Vitamins
Which of the following does not describe a national trend in eating habits in America?
We eat more high-fiber foods
all of the following are recognized, credible sources of nutrition info except
Who's Who in Nutrition
Your friend carrie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and stated that she felt a lot better. Her experience is best described as a(n)
anecdote
Recommended Dietary Allowances may be used to
assess dietary nutrient adequacy for individuals
All of the following are classified as macronutrients except:
calcium
All of the following are minimum requirements for becoming a registered dietitian except
completing up to a 3-week clinical internship or the equivalent
The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for nutrients are generally
designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people
A person who assists registered dietitians has the formal title of
dietetic technician
A person viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because of nervousness would be displaying a food choice behavior most likely based on
emotional comfort
In nutrition research, observations of the quantities and types of foods eaten by groups of people and the health status of those groups are known as
epidemiological studies
A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a(n)
essential nutrient
Which of the following is an organic nutrient
fat
What is the term that defines foods that contains non nutrient substances whose known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than those contributed by the food's nutrients?
functional foods
A person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day would be displaying food choice most likely based on
habit
In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the
hypothesis
Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient
iron
A subclinical nutrient deficiency is defined as one that
is in the early stages
Characteristics of an acute disease include all of the following except
it progresses slowly
Food energy is commonly expressed in calories and in
kilojoules
International units of energy are expressed in
kilojoules
Which of the following is used to determine the presence of abnormal functions inside the body due to a nutrient deficiency
laboratory tests
In the body, the chemical energy in food can be converted to any of the following except
light energy
An essential nutrient is one that cannont be
made in sufficient quantities by the body
A child who developed a strong dislike of noodle soup after consuming some when she was sick with flu is an example of a food-related
negative association
An increase in exercise accompanied by decrease in body weight is an example of
negative correlation
All of the following features are shared by the RDA and the AI except
neither is useful for evaluating nutrition programs for groups of people
The study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients is termed
nutritional genomics
Before publication in a reputable journal, the findings of a research study must undergo scrutiny by experts in the field according to a process known as
peer review
Inspection of hair, eyes, skin, and posture is part of the nutrition assessment component known as
physical examination
Nonnutrient substances found in plant foods that show biological activity in the body are commonly known as
phytochemicals
Terms that describe a food that provides health benefits beyond its nutrient contribution include all of the following except
phytonutritional food
The Dietary Reference Intakes may be used to
plan and evaluate diets for healthy people
A parent who offers a child a favorite snack as a reward for good behavior is displaying a food behavior known as
positive association
Overeating and gaining body weight is an example of
positive correlation
Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient
protein
The smallest amount of nutrient that is consumed over a prolonged period that maintains a specific function is called the nutrient
requirement
Factors known to be related to a disease but not proven to be causal are called
risk factors
What type of deficiency is caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient
secondary
The goal of Healthy People is to
set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years
What is the chief reason people choose the foods they eat?
taste
All of the following describe features for application of the recommended nutrient intakes except
the recommendations also apply to sick people
The most common causes of death today in the U.S. included all of the following except
tuberculosis
The motive for a person who alters his diet due to religious convictions is most likely his
values
which of the following is an organic compound
vitamin C
By chemical analysis, what nutrient is present in the highest amounts in most foods?
water
All of the following are results of making poor food choices except
when made over just a single day, they exert great harm to your health
How much energy is required to raise the temp of one kilogram(liter) of water 1 degree C?
1 kilocalorie
What is the AMDR for protein?
10-35%
A normal half cup veggie serving weighs approx how many grams?
100
Approx how many milliliters are contained in a half-cup of milk?
120
What is the weight (lbs) of the "reference" adult female
126
How many vitamins are known to be required in the diet of human beings
13
What is the weight (lbs) of the "reference" adult male?
154
How many minerals are known to be required in the diet of human beings?
16
A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 calories , which includes 30 g of fat. Approx what percentage of total energy is contributed by fat?
19
What is the AMDR for fat?
20-35%
If a person consumed the upper AMDR limit for protein as part of the diet containing 2500 calories, approx how many grams of protein would be ingested?
219
A diet provides a total of 2200 calories of which 40% of the energy is from fat and 20% from protein. How many grams of carbs are contained in the diet?
220
The complete lining of a person's digestive tract is renewed approx. every :
3-5 days
What is the upper range of fat intake in the AMDR?
35%
Of the 10 leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition?
4
Approx. how many nutrients are considered indispensable in the diet?
40
What is the AMDR for carbohydrate?
45-65%
If a group of people consumed an amount of protein equal to the average requirement for their population group, what % would receive insufficient amounts?
50
Which of the following figures falls within the carbohydrate range of the AMDR?
50%
Excluding fast-food establishments, approx. what % of restaurants in the U.S. show an ethnic emphasis
60%
Bob consumes about 2500 calories per day , which is apportioned as 150g of fat, 140g of carbs, and 150 g of protein. What would be the appropriate revisions to help Bob adjust his nutrient intake so that it matches the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution ranges ?
70g fat, 156 g protein, 313 carbs
Approximately how much water (lbs) would be found in a 120 lb person?
72
What is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying 110g of carbs, 25 g of protein, 20g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol?
755
What is the benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment?
Chance variation is ruled out
Which of the following represents a rationale for setting the recommendation for energy?
Because a margin of safety would result in excess energy intake for a large number of people, the figures are set at the average energy intake
Which for the following is anthropomedic measure?
Body weight
Which of the following individuals is most likely to possess the least amount of nutrition training?
Certified nutritionist
