Ch.1 Nutrition

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Which of the following describes the legal limitations, if any, for a person who disseminates dietary advice to the public?

A license to practice as a nutritionist or dietitian is required by some states

The % of calorie intakes for protein , fat, and carbs that are thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases are termed

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

What is the benefit of using placebos in an experiment?

All subjects receive a treatment

Which of the following represents a food choice based on negative association?

An elderly gentleman who refuses a pb&j sandwich because he deems it is a child's food

Which of the following is an overt symptom of iron deficiency?

Anemia

Which of the following is used to detect nutrient deficiencies?

Assessment techinques

Which of the following represents the usual sequence of stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency resulting from inadequate intake?

Declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs

Which of the following is a result of the metabolism of energy nutrients?

Energy is released

Which of the following is not a set of values within the DRI?

Estimated Average Allowances

Recommended Dietary Allowances are based on

Estimated Average Requirement

What set of values is used to recommend the average kcalorie intake that maintains population groups in energy balance?

Estimated Energy Requirement

Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?

Fats

Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients?

Fiber

How are the RDA for almost all vitamin and mineral intakes set?

High, to cover virtually all healthy individuals

As a registered dietitian at Jones Hospital, you are instructed to write a policy statement. Which of the following are the most useful parameters for the nutrition assessment of individuals?

Historical info, anthropometric data, physical examinations, lab test

A clinical trial must involve

Human beings as subjects

Which of the following would most likely lead to primary nutrient deficiency?

Inadequate nutrient intake

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the vitamins?

Inorganic

Which of the following cannot add fat to the body?

Inorganic nutrients

Features of a chronic disease include all of the following except

It produces sharp pains

All of the following sets of values are included in the dietary reference intakes except

LUT

To identify early-stage malnutrition, a health professional would use which of the following parameters?

Laboratory tests

Overcooking a food is least likely to affect which of the following groups of nutrients?

Minerals

What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment?

Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group

Which of the following nutrient sources yields more than 4 calories per gram?

Plant fats

Which of the following leading causes of death in the U.S. does not bear a relationship to diet?

Pneumonia and influenza

You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. as the subject walk into the lab, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to girls and all the placebo pills to boys. What steps should you have done differently?

Prevented yourself from knowing what was in the pill bottles, and distributed the bottles randomly to the subjects

The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is termed the

Recommended Dietary Allowance

For which of the following titles, by definition, must the individual be college educated and pass a national exam administered by the American Dietetic Association?

Registered Dietician

Which of the following best describes a college-educated nutrition and food specialist who is qualified to make evaluations of the nutritional health of people?

Registered dietitian

Who would be the most appropriate person to consult regarding nutrition info?

Registered dietitian

Which of the following is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake?

Setting nutrient goals for individuals

Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients ?

Some become dissolved in body fluids

Which of the following most accurately describes the term organic?

Substances with carbon-carobon or carbon-hydrogen bonds

What entity coordinates nutrition-related activities of federal agencies?

The National Nutrition Monitoring program

A health magazine contacted you for your expert opinion on what measure best describes the amounts of nutrients that should be consumed by the population. Your reply should be :

The RDI bc they represent the average daily amount of nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people.

What does the Tolerable Upper Intake Level Level of a nutrient represent

The maximum amount from all sources that appears safe for most healthy people

Which of the following statements defines the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease?

The more risk factors for a disease, the greater the chance of developing that disease

Which of the following is not a feature of the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA)?

The percentage of people covered is known for both values

Among the following , which is the major weakness of a laboratory-based study

The results cannot be applied to human beings

What is the benefit of using controls in an experiment?

The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the composition of all foods?

They contain mixtures of the 3 energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate

Which of the following factors make the greatest contribution to deaths in the U.S?

Tobacco

What behavior is the major cause of death in the U.S.?

Tobacco use

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the minerals?

Unstable to light

When consumed in excess, all of the following can be converted to body fat and stored except

Vitamin C

Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient ?

Vitamin C

Which of the following nutrients does not yield energy during its metabolism?

Vitamins

Which of the following does not describe a national trend in eating habits in America?

We eat more high-fiber foods

all of the following are recognized, credible sources of nutrition info except

Who's Who in Nutrition

Your friend carrie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and stated that she felt a lot better. Her experience is best described as a(n)

anecdote

Recommended Dietary Allowances may be used to

assess dietary nutrient adequacy for individuals

All of the following are classified as macronutrients except:

calcium

All of the following are minimum requirements for becoming a registered dietitian except

completing up to a 3-week clinical internship or the equivalent

The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for nutrients are generally

designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people

A person who assists registered dietitians has the formal title of

dietetic technician

A person viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because of nervousness would be displaying a food choice behavior most likely based on

emotional comfort

In nutrition research, observations of the quantities and types of foods eaten by groups of people and the health status of those groups are known as

epidemiological studies

A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a(n)

essential nutrient

Which of the following is an organic nutrient

fat

What is the term that defines foods that contains non nutrient substances whose known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than those contributed by the food's nutrients?

functional foods

A person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day would be displaying food choice most likely based on

habit

In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the

hypothesis

Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient

iron

A subclinical nutrient deficiency is defined as one that

is in the early stages

Characteristics of an acute disease include all of the following except

it progresses slowly

Food energy is commonly expressed in calories and in

kilojoules

International units of energy are expressed in

kilojoules

Which of the following is used to determine the presence of abnormal functions inside the body due to a nutrient deficiency

laboratory tests

In the body, the chemical energy in food can be converted to any of the following except

light energy

An essential nutrient is one that cannont be

made in sufficient quantities by the body

A child who developed a strong dislike of noodle soup after consuming some when she was sick with flu is an example of a food-related

negative association

An increase in exercise accompanied by decrease in body weight is an example of

negative correlation

All of the following features are shared by the RDA and the AI except

neither is useful for evaluating nutrition programs for groups of people

The study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients is termed

nutritional genomics

Before publication in a reputable journal, the findings of a research study must undergo scrutiny by experts in the field according to a process known as

peer review

Inspection of hair, eyes, skin, and posture is part of the nutrition assessment component known as

physical examination

Nonnutrient substances found in plant foods that show biological activity in the body are commonly known as

phytochemicals

Terms that describe a food that provides health benefits beyond its nutrient contribution include all of the following except

phytonutritional food

The Dietary Reference Intakes may be used to

plan and evaluate diets for healthy people

A parent who offers a child a favorite snack as a reward for good behavior is displaying a food behavior known as

positive association

Overeating and gaining body weight is an example of

positive correlation

Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient

protein

The smallest amount of nutrient that is consumed over a prolonged period that maintains a specific function is called the nutrient

requirement

Factors known to be related to a disease but not proven to be causal are called

risk factors

What type of deficiency is caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient

secondary

The goal of Healthy People is to

set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years

What is the chief reason people choose the foods they eat?

taste

All of the following describe features for application of the recommended nutrient intakes except

the recommendations also apply to sick people

The most common causes of death today in the U.S. included all of the following except

tuberculosis

The motive for a person who alters his diet due to religious convictions is most likely his

values

which of the following is an organic compound

vitamin C

By chemical analysis, what nutrient is present in the highest amounts in most foods?

water

All of the following are results of making poor food choices except

when made over just a single day, they exert great harm to your health

How much energy is required to raise the temp of one kilogram(liter) of water 1 degree C?

1 kilocalorie

What is the AMDR for protein?

10-35%

A normal half cup veggie serving weighs approx how many grams?

100

Approx how many milliliters are contained in a half-cup of milk?

120

What is the weight (lbs) of the "reference" adult female

126

How many vitamins are known to be required in the diet of human beings

13

What is the weight (lbs) of the "reference" adult male?

154

How many minerals are known to be required in the diet of human beings?

16

A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 calories , which includes 30 g of fat. Approx what percentage of total energy is contributed by fat?

19

What is the AMDR for fat?

20-35%

If a person consumed the upper AMDR limit for protein as part of the diet containing 2500 calories, approx how many grams of protein would be ingested?

219

A diet provides a total of 2200 calories of which 40% of the energy is from fat and 20% from protein. How many grams of carbs are contained in the diet?

220

The complete lining of a person's digestive tract is renewed approx. every :

3-5 days

What is the upper range of fat intake in the AMDR?

35%

Of the 10 leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition?

4

Approx. how many nutrients are considered indispensable in the diet?

40

What is the AMDR for carbohydrate?

45-65%

If a group of people consumed an amount of protein equal to the average requirement for their population group, what % would receive insufficient amounts?

50

Which of the following figures falls within the carbohydrate range of the AMDR?

50%

Excluding fast-food establishments, approx. what % of restaurants in the U.S. show an ethnic emphasis

60%

Bob consumes about 2500 calories per day , which is apportioned as 150g of fat, 140g of carbs, and 150 g of protein. What would be the appropriate revisions to help Bob adjust his nutrient intake so that it matches the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution ranges ?

70g fat, 156 g protein, 313 carbs

Approximately how much water (lbs) would be found in a 120 lb person?

72

What is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying 110g of carbs, 25 g of protein, 20g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol?

755

What is the benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment?

Chance variation is ruled out

Which of the following represents a rationale for setting the recommendation for energy?

Because a margin of safety would result in excess energy intake for a large number of people, the figures are set at the average energy intake

Which for the following is anthropomedic measure?

Body weight

Which of the following individuals is most likely to possess the least amount of nutrition training?

Certified nutritionist


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