ch10 healing options

Diviner

Assists singer, diagnoses illness in American Indian healing system

What is Curanderismo healing?

Mexican healing, related to interpersonal relationships and religion

What do navajos believe about the combination of modern medicine and traditional healers?

Modern medicine removes symptoms, traditional healers remove cause of illness

what are the two basic beliefs of faith healers

1) healing via psychological processes and effective only w/ psychophysiological disorders 2) healing accomplished through God's intervention and is a present-day miracle

What are rates of physician use in American Indian population?

50% use physicians exclusively, 40% use both physicians and healers, 10% use healers only

What did Levy study?

American Indian healing

Ayurveda

Indian technique of using oils and massage to treat disease

What has happened to American Indian healing system over time?

Number of singers has decreased, people are substituting traditional ceremonies with shorter ones to minimize cost, most people seeing both traditional physician and healer

What are the 2 types of black folk healing in the US?

Traditional and Carribean

what was the most common form of healing from spiritual healers?

alleviated symptoms (promotes psychological well-being)

Dietary supplement health and education act

allows food products to be sold as cures for disease as long as claims that they can actually enhance health are not on the label

Singer

always male, principal figure in American Indian healing ritual

Accupuncture

ancient Chinese technique of inserting fine needles into specific points in the body

what is racial difference in use of illegal healers

blacks trust illegal healers, whites didn't use them

What are the 4 bodily humors

blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile

National center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

created in 1992 as part of NIH to facilitate research and evaluation of CAM techniques

what are differences between curanderismo healing and other types?

do not charge for services, use religion much more than other healers (Spanish Catholic tradition)

with what types of problems are folk healers most effective

emotional problems

Hippocrates

famous greek physician, believed that good health came from balance/equilibrium of 4 bodily humors and harmony of body with environment

what is a mambo or maraloi

female voodoo healer

Naturopathy

idea that disease arises from blockages in a person's life force in teh body, and treatments (like accupuncture and homeopathy) are needed to restore energy flow

Crystal healing

idea that healing energy can be obtained from quartz and other minerals

Cree tribe

in Canada, studied by Moore, have low rates of physician use and poor health

What is Levy's argument about American Indian healing system?

increased knowledge of modern medical practice and demands of wage work economy may make traditional American Indian healing dissapear

what is the difference in how much time passes before healthcare is sought across races

lower class blacks wait longer than lower class whites before seeking care

who believes most in witchcraft?

lower class conservative mexicans

what is a houngan or papaloi

male voodoo healer

curanderos/as

male/female mexican healers

Chiropractors

manipulate bones in spinal column to relieve pressure on nerves, therby alleviating illness and pain. Non-medical techniques, no professional status, accept insurance but physicians don't refer patients to them (most people seek them on their own)

Who uses alternative or "new age" medicine

middle or working class social background, typically middle age or younger adults, consult regularly with medical doctors

Folk healing

not used to significant extent in US except by low-income persons usually in racial or ethnic minorities, persist bc of dissatisfaction with medical practice or cultural gap btw medical practitioners and patients

who uses faith and folk healers

people from lower class background, use them because they are inexpensive and culturally similar

Faith healers

people who use the power of suggestion, prayer, and faith in God to promote healing

What is an osteopath

physician with a spinal/neuromuscular focus

Loudell Snow

studied black folk healers in Chicago (low-income black americans in urban area). Found that belief system did not distinguish between science and religion, all illnesses can be cured by either medicine or magic

Homeopathy

the use of microdoses of natural substances to bolster immunity

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

the use of treatments that are not commonly practiced by the medical profession (chiropractors, faith healers, folk healers, etc)

What did all faith and folk healers have in common?

they emphasize the cause of the problem, not the symptoms

Biofeedback

use of machines to train people to control involuntary bodily functions

What is witchcraft?

when evil persons make pacts with the devil to harm people