CH.12 Study Guide

Aisha is more likely to _____ suicide, while Vernon is more likely to _____ suicide according to statistics. think about; talk about talk about; think about attempt; commit commit; attempt

attempt; commit

When a behavior is _____, it is often considered abnormal. negative and more impulsive than is generally acceptable atypical in that it deviates from what is acceptable in a culture overly repetitive unique

atypical in that it deviates from what is acceptable in a culture

Which of the following statements about childhood depression is FALSE? Children who develop depression are at risk for a variety of problems, including substance abuse, academic problems, increased physical illness, and increased suicide risk. Parental psychopathology is a risk factor for childhood depression. An estimated 1-2 percent of prepubertal children and 3-8 percent of adolescents experience depression. In order to understand childhood depression, developmental psychopathologists apply knowledge about adult depression to children.

In order to understand childhood depression, developmental psychopathologists apply knowledge about adult depression to children.

Under the category of Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders which is not considered a disorder? Hoarding Excoriation Body dysmorphia PTSD

PTSD

What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder? Sociocultural Behavioral Biological Cognitive

Sociocultural

Which of the following would be classified as a negative symptom of schizophrenia? visual hallucinations flat affect delusions loose associations

flat affect

A person who is hearing voices that are not there is experiencing: delusions. hallucinations. mood disorder. schizophrenia

hallucinations

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly called: multiple personality disorder. borderline personality disorder. body dysmorphic disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

multiple personality disorder

In movies that focus on war (e.g. Jar Heads, Brothers, Born on the Fourth of July, First Blood), soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, hypervigilence, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these characters abuse alcohol, are suicidal, and have a strained or angry relationship with spouses. These characters have: dementia. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). dysthymia. dissociative identity disorder (DID).

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

According to Thomas Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide, suicide involves two factors: a desire to die and: the capability for suicide. the social support of peers. an official DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia. an emotional intelligence of an adult.

the capability for suicide.

The deviance criterion is most associated with: the role of sociocultural influences on abnormality. the role of biological influences on abnormality. the role anxiety plays in specific phobias. the role gender plays as a risk factor for psychological disorders

the role of sociocultural influences on abnormality.

The percentage of Americans 18 years of age and older who suffer from a diagnosable psychological disorder in a given year is closest to: 16 percent. 26 percent. 40 percent. 46 percent.

26 percent

The current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) that psychologists use is: IV-TR. 5. 10. III.

5

Anthony has always thought that people with mental health disorders are cognitively limited or below the average in terms of functioning. As his friend, what would you suggest to help Anthony combat his stigmas of individuals with disorders? Anthony should begin to see all individuals as having a set of strengths and to create a positive environment for all to grow and share. Anthony should talk to a psychologist and work on his stereotyping thoughts and discriminatory behaviors. Anthony should become friends with someone who has a mental illness. Anthony should do nothing because he as a right to treat people as he wants.

Anthony should begin to see all individuals as having a set of strengths and to create a positive environment for all to grow and share.

Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away. He is afraid that he will discard something he will need later, so his home is filled with old junk. Armand's neighbors have complained and he feels embarrassed. Which criteria that define abnormality are applicable in this case? Armand's behavior deviates from the norm and is distressing for him. Armand's behavior has drawn the attention of other people. Hoarding behavior is normal through adolescence but should disappear by the time the person is in his early- to mid-twenties. Saving junk suggests that Armand is paranoid.

Armand's behavior deviates from the norm and is distressing for him.

______ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts. Schizophrenia Dissociative identity disorder Antisocial personality disorder Borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder

What do people with anorexia have in common with people with bulimia? Both feel that they are not disordered in any way. Both have an intense fear of becoming fat. Both occasionally engage in binge eating. Both typically start showing symptoms when they are in their 20s.

Both have an intense fear of becoming fat.

Renee is a social worker in an urban community mental-health center. She has just seen a crisis client who expressed suicidal ideation. After doing a thorough assessment to determine that he needed inpatient care, she sent him to the hospital and must now write her notes about the session. Although she knows that he is suffering with a severe depression, she still has to look up the exact diagnostic code in the: DSM-5. ICD-10. MMPI-2. WAIS-III.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is known as the: DMS-5. DMSMD-5. DSM-5. ICD-10.

DSM-5.

Which of the following statements is most correct? The biggest risk factor for depression is genetics. All areas of the brain of depressed persons are underactive. Depression is related to neurotransmitter deregulation, genetics, and cognitive processes. Women experience depression because estrogen, by its nature, is a depressant.

Depression is related to neurotransmitter deregulation, genetics, and cognitive processes.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the biopsychosocial model? Mental illness is caused by brain abnormalities, neurochemical abnormalities, and genetic influences. Societal forces such as oppression and poverty drive the development of mental illness. Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness, but environmental and cognitive/emotional factors must be present for mental illness to develop. Mental illness does not exist but is rather a normal reaction to an abnormal situation.

Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness, but environmental and cognitive/emotional factors must be present for mental illness to develop.

Liliana has applied for a job after graduation doing data entry for a polling firm. During her second interview, Liliana asks the human resources manager whether the job's health benefits include prescription drug coverage, as she is on anti-anxiety medication for generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following statements is most applicable, legally and otherwise, in light of Liliana's request? The human resources manager should tell the hiring committee to avoid hiring Liliana because she has a psychological disorder. It is illegal for the firm to deny Liliana employment simply because she has a psychological disorder. Liliana should not have asked that question, because she will not be hired. Liliana must be given the job, or the firm could face a lawsuit.

It is illegal for the firm to deny Liliana employment simply because she has a psychological disorder.

Cassandra is diagnosed with bulimia. Based on what you know about the disorder, which of the following best describes Cassandra's personality? She is a perfectionist but has low self-confidence. She is a survivor of a traumatic event who is depressed. She is driven and has high self-efficacy. She is isolative and restrictive.

She is a perfectionist but has low self-confidence.

Laverne (a psychologist) is talking to her friend Shirley, whose boyfriend was just diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Shirley says, "There's no way he's mentally ill! After all, he's a great guy!" How should Laverne reply? Obviously Shirley's boyfriend was misdiagnosed. He might have some other disorder, but not bipolar disorder. Clearly Shirley's boyfriend does not truly have a psychological disorder. Shirley's boyfriend can have bipolar disorder AND still be a great guy. People with psychological disorders have strengths and weaknesses, just like everybody else. The diagnosis makes complete sense. People with bipolar disorder are always fun to be around.

Shirley's boyfriend can have bipolar disorder AND still be a great guy. People with psychological disorders have strengths and weaknesses, just like everybody else.

Which substance is considered a major risk factor in a high rate of suicide attempts? alcohol cocaine marijuana nicotine

alcohol

Labeling psychological disorders can lead to damaging stereotyping. discrimination. prejudice. all of these

all of these

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive checking. cleaning. counting. All of these.

all of these

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on the _______ approach to psychological disorders. sociocultural psychological biological cognitive

biological

Froshia is studying to be a psychologist. She attributes the psychological disorders she encounters to organic, internal causes because she is most likely viewing these disorders from a ______ approach. biological psychological sociocultural humanistic

biological

Margie has a long-standing pattern of unstable and intense relationships and mood. She has a history of trauma and is sometimes inappropriately seductive. She abuses drugs, has threatened suicide several times, and cuts her arms with a razor blade when she feels particularly bad. She desperately tries to keep others from abandoning her, partly because she has a very unstable sense of self. If she has a personality disorder, it is MOST likely that she has: antisocial personality disorder. borderline personality disorder. schizoid personality disorder. cynosure cluster.

borderline personality disorder

In the sociocultural approach to psychological disorders, the criterion of ____ to describe behavior as being abnormal suggests the importance of society, culture, and context in disorders. deviance maladaptivity distressful disordered

deviance

Ken's heartbeat was rapid, and he felt short of breath and sweaty. He went to the emergency room fearing he was going to die from a heart attack. When the physician examined Ken, she was unable to find anything physically wrong with him. When she questioned Ken further, he told her that these physical symptoms occurred right before he was to give an important presentation. Which of the following is a possible explanation for Ken's symptoms? schizophrenia bipolar disorder panic disorder generalized anxiety disorder

panic disorder

Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by a stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing symptoms of anxiety. A diagnosis of _____ would best apply to her situation. generalized anxiety disorder post-traumatic stress disorder phobic disorder panic disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder

Mrs. Wishy from the "Help You, Help Me" clinic strongly believes that psychological disorders are due to the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics. Mrs. Wishy's practice would assume the _____ perspective of explaining psychological disorders. biological psychological sociocultural community

psychological

What organization publishes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? American Psychological Association American Psychiatric Association American Medical Association National Alliance for the Mentally Ill

American Psychiatric Association

Killian lets her husband keep all the financial records for the family, and she refuses to make any decisions on her own. She is so needy that if she encounters even a minor unexpected problem during her day, she calls him at work to ask his advice. This behavior cuts across all situations, causes problems in her relationships with other people, and seems to be Killian's only real approach to dealing with the world. Killian may have: a major depressive disorder. bipolar disorder. a dissociative disorder. a personality disorder.

a personality disorder

Individuals who suffer from ______ have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations. generalized anxiety disorder obsessive-compulsive disorder post-traumatic stress disorder a social phobia

a social phobia

Former NFL coach John Madden had a famous fear of flying that led him to take a bus to all of the games he broadcasted. The fact that he would go to any length to avoid flying suggests that he suffered from: generalized anxiety disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. a specific phobia. post-traumatic stress disorder.

a specific phobia

The stigma attached to psychological disorders can have implications for: the physical health of an individual with such a disorder. the psychological well-being of an individual with such a disorder. other people's attitudes and behaviors toward the individual with such a disorder. all of these

all of these

We often hear the news media refer to individuals as "psychopaths." According to clinicians, this term is most closely associated with which personality disorder? borderline antisocial narcissistic schizoid

antisocial

Feeling nervous, worried, jittery, afraid and dreadful are all ways to describe ____, which is an unpleasant feeling that can impact an individual's ability to function. anxiety fear depression attention

anxiety

The most common disorders associated with those individuals who commit suicide are: bipolar and schizophrenia. anxiety and dissociative amnesia. major depressive disorder and antisocial personality disorder. anxiety and depression.

anxiety and depression.

In order for a person to be classified as having major depressive disorder, he or she must experience a depressive episode that lasts at least: one week. two weeks. one month. two months.

two weeks

Psychologists recognize that some people may be more at risk than others for certain disorders. Often called the _____, this model suggests that a person's susceptibility plus increased stress can lead to the development of a psychological disorder. biological risk algorithm genetic-stress hypothesis vulnerability-stress hypothesis general adaptation syndrome

vulnerability-stress hypothesis

A deficiency in which neurotransmitter has been implicated as a potential cause of generalized anxiety disorder? serotonin norepinephrine GABA dopamine

GABA

How are generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobic disorder different? Generalized anxiety disorder is more severe than phobic disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder involves avoidance of specific situations, whereas phobic disorder does not. Generalized anxiety disorder involves anxiety about a large variety of things, whereas phobic disorder involves anxiety about a specific thing. Generalized anxiety disorder involves fear of other people, whereas phobic disorder involves fear of dangerous places or objects.

Generalized anxiety disorder involves anxiety about a large variety of things, whereas phobic disorder involves anxiety about a specific thing.

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of the DSM? It emphasizes weaknesses rather than strengths. It emphasizes biological causes of mental illness, rather than environmental causes. It is based too heavily on the medical model. It does not allow for consistent diagnoses.

It does not allow for consistent diagnoses.

Depressed people tend to have low levels of which neurotransmitters? Dopamine and GABA GABA and epinephrine Oxytocin and serotonin Serotonin and norepinephrine

Serotonin and norepinephrine

Thirty-year-old Samantha is married with a son and lives in Chicago. One day she wakes up in strange room with no recollection of getting there. She walks outside and sees many palm trees and has no idea what city she is in. Try as she might, she can't remember how she got there or when. Which of the following best explains what happened to Samantha? She is suffering from DID. She is suffering from body dysmorphic disorder. She is suffering from dissociative amnesia. She is suffering from schizophrenia.

She is suffering from dissociative amnesia.

Lori-An has recently lost a lot of weight. She is now unhealthily skinny. She is concerned by this, and has gone to see her doctor. What diagnosis might her doctor make? She clearly has anorexia nervosa, as evidenced by her drastic weight loss. She suffers from bulimia nervosa. Since she is concerned about the weight loss, this is probably a personality disorder rather than anorexia. There may be a physiological cause for this weight loss, but there is nothing to indicate that she should be diagnosed with a psychological disorder.

There may be a physiological cause for this weight loss, but there is nothing to indicate that she should be diagnosed with a psychological disorder.

Why are hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and disorders of movement considered to be positive symptoms of schizophrenia? They reflect something added above and beyond normal behavior. They reflect an improvement in functioning. They make the person feel happy and excited in mood. They improve a person's cognitive abilities.

They reflect something added above and beyond normal behavior.

Which of the following symptoms do individuals with anorexia nervosa NOT exhibit? weigh less than 85 percent of what is considered average for another person of equal age and height a distorted body image an intense fear of gaining weight a daily binge-and-purge episode

a daily binge-and-purge episode

A person who believes that the television news anchor is talking to him is suffering from: a delusion. catatonia flat affect. loose associations.

a delusion

Shelia's friends noticed that her behavior changed suddenly. She began to stay up late into the night, rarely sleeping. She impulsively decided to paint every room in her house and to buy all new furniture for her house. She also started drinking more and engaging in risky behavior, such as unprotected sex. Her friends noticed that when she spoke, she spoke very rapidly and quickly jumped from subject to subject. What may Shelia be experiencing? schizophrenia post-traumatic stress disorder a depressive episode a manic episode

a manic episode

Mireille began having brief episodes of overwhelming anxiety about a year ago. She doesn't know what causes them, but she has had them in the grocery store, at busy restaurants, and once while driving. Her heart pounds, she has difficulty breathing, and sometimes she feels like her body no longer belongs to her. She is afraid she will go crazy and embarrass herself in front of other people. Based on this information, Mireille may have: obsessive-compulsive disorder. a somatoform disorder. a dissociative disorder. a panic disorder.

a panic disorder.

Which approach to explaining disorders is mostly responsible for helping us understand the hereditability of schizophrenia? cognitive approach psychological approach sociocultural approach biological approach

biological approach

Dissociative disorders are thought to develop as a result of: experiencing extremely traumatic life events. dealing with extreme stress. both of these. neither of these.

both of these

Of the eating disorders, which is the hardest to detect in an individual suffering from the disorder? anorexia bulimia obesity pica

bulimia

Individuals who are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder experience _____. Individuals who are diagnosed with panic disorder experience _____. chronic anxiety / sudden anxiety sudden anxiety / chronic anxiety intermittent anxiety / steady anxiety severe anxiety / minor anxiety

chronic anxiety / sudden anxiety

Depression can be caused by people having unrealistic views of themselves and the world. This explanation of depression is consistent with which theory? psychodynamic theory cognitive theory biological theory behavioral theory

cognitive theory

With which of the following is antisocial personality disorder closely associated? trauma and emotional intelligence self-harm and suicide criminal behavior and violence anxiety and narcissism

criminal behavior and violence

Abnormality is defined as behavior that is: deviant, maladaptive or personally distressful over a specific time period. considered socially unacceptable by social and cultural norms. listed in the MMPI. personally satisfying, dangerous and biological predisposed over a specific period of time.

deviant, maladaptive or personally distressful over a specific time period.

Feeling disconnected from your immediate experience such as daydreaming and unaware of the passage of time is called dissociation. amnesia. mania. depression.

dissociation

Someone who finds that he has traveled to a new town and has no memory of his old life is likely suffering from: dissociative identity disorder depressive disorder dissociative amnesia multiple personality disorder

dissociative amnesia

Someone who finds that he has traveled to a new town and has no memory of his old life is likely suffering from: dissociative identity disorder. depressive disorder. dissociative amnesia. multiple personality disorder.

dissociative amnesia.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a depressive disorder? Reduced interest or pleasure in all or most activities Significant weight gain or loss Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much Flashbacks and nightmares

flashbacks and nightmares

Learning processes are implicated in the explanation of all the following disorders except: obsessive-compulsive disorder. specific phobia. panic disorder. generalized anxiety disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder.

In the film A Beautiful Mind, John Nash hears and sees people who are not actually there. These sensations are examples of hallucinations. delusions. referential thinking. catatonia.

hallucinations

People who suffer from borderline personality disorders often have all of the following symptoms except: hallucinations. anger-management problems. impulsive, risky behaviors. instability in personal relationships.

hallucinations

As good consumers of psychology, we must be aware that not all vivid cases of mental illness—such as when a high school student shoots fellow students and teachers or when a person goes on a public shooting spree—are committed by truly violent people. Social psychologists say that a(n) _____ exists in that we believe that all people with mental illnesses are violent, which is not accurate. discriminatory regulation heuristic illusory correlation foot-in-the-door model

illusory correlation

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for distinguishing normal from abnormal behavior? deviance legality personal distress maladaptivity

legality

The leading cause of disability in the United States is obsessive-compulsive disorder. panic disorder. schizophrenia. major depressive disorder.

major depressive disorder

The medical model describes psychological disorders as: cognitive dysfunction and learned behavior. medical diseases with a biological origin. influenced from their cultural context. manifested in unconscious wishes and desires.

medical diseases with a biological origin.

Depression is classified as a(n) _____ disorder. anxiety mood personality dissociative

mood

Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away. He is afraid that he will discard something he later will need, so his home is filled with old newspapers, empty boxes, worn-out clothing, antiquated computer equipment, and even the seeds from the fruit and vegetables he has eaten. Armand's neighbors have complained to the homeowner's association because, out of space inside, he has been storing some things outside his home. He is embarrassed by his need to hoard objects, but he is overcome by dread if he tries to throw things away. Based on this information, Armand may have a(n): obsessive-compulsive related disorder. mood disorder. personality disorder. biological disorder.

obsessive-compulsive related disorder.

The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions. positive symptoms / negative symptoms negative symptoms / positive symptoms physical symptoms / psychological symptoms psychological symptoms / physical symptoms

positive symptoms / negative symptoms

A soldier who survived a bloody battle finds that she has recurrent nightmares, avoids her military friends, and jumps when she hears a loud noise. Based on these symptoms, what disorder does she most likely have? major depressive disorder generalized anxiety disorder bipolar disorder post-traumatic stress disorder

post-traumatic stress disorder

_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered thought processes. Dysthymic disorder Bipolar disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Schizophrenia

schizophrenia

The approach most likely to consider a person's culture when understanding psychological disorders is: biological. psychological. sociocultural. evolutionary.

sociocultural

The band Metallica's song "Fade to Black" includes lyrics like "No one but me can save myself, but it's too late / Now I can't think, think why I should even try / Yesterday seems as though it never existed / Death greets me warm, now I will just say goodbye." This song was written during one of the band's lowest periods and appears to be about: dissociation. schizophrenia. suicide. delusions.

suicide