Ch21

It's estimated that ____ children born in the United States (which makes them citizens of the United States) were "encouraged" to move to Mexico.

200,000

The UAW's membership swelled to ___ by ____.

400,000 by 1937

What were 3 important cultural contributions to the Popular Front?

American Document, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town

This union was organized based on the craft of a worker, and not by the industry in which the worker worked.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was created in 1935 to organize workers by industry rather than by craft, which was whose traditional policy?

American Federation of Labor's (AFL)

What was the experience of African-Americans during World War II, either in combat or at home?

American society had established a system of master races that oppressed non-whites, and reshaped the racial map of the United States.

What did labor leader A. Philip Randolph hope to accomplish with his March on Washington?

An end to segregation and an antilynching law

Who established the Civil Liberties Unit in the Department of Justice?

Attorney General Frank Murphy

Who did the Social Security act discriminate against?

Blacks

What program allowed for Mexican nationals to enter into the United States for labor purpose?

Bracero program

Unlike the Public Works Administration, who directly hired construction workers for government-funded and sponsored projects?

Civil Works Administration

The Popular Front and its focus on what?

Civil liberties

This provided unemployed men with jobs on projects like forest preservation, flood control, and the improvement of national parks and wildlife preserves.

Civilian Conservation Corps

This organization wanted to secure "economic freedom and industrial democracy" for American workers.

Congress of Industrial Workers (CIO)

TVA was a series of ______ designed to control the _____ on the Tennessee River and its tributaries.

Dams, flooding

Who was the majority party in the country for the next thirty to forty years?

Democratic

Who won wide support for a plan that would issue $200 to older Americans with the requirement they immediately spend it to boost the economy?

Dr. Francis Townsend

What acts were designed by the Roosevelt administration to shore up the American finance system beyond the initial Emergency Banking Act?

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Glass-Steagall Act

What reinforced existing residential segregation in municipalities in both the North and South?

Federal housing policy

What express the ideas of Henry Luce's The American Century?

Free markets were the pathway to liberty and that America was to be the dominant power on the planet.

What was the "Fifth Freedom"?

Freedom of choice

What barred commercial banks from becoming involved in the buying and selling of stocks. The law prevented many of the irresponsible practices that had contributed to the stock market crash.

Glass-Steagall Act

What goals of the following legislation passed during the Hundred Days?

Glass-Steagall Act, Civilian Conservation Corp, National Recovery Administration, Public Works Administration

This was the largest man-made structure in history up to its opening in 1941. It would eventually provide 40 percent of the United States' hydroelectric power.

Grand Coulee Dam

Who work was "The Price of Free World Victory"?

Henry Wallace

In his work "The Price of Free World Victory,"_____ rejected the ideas of The American Century as centering too much on ___ rather than international cooperation. He felt that wealth should be ____ the hands of those who had made it, and not to do so would ___ hunger, illiteracy, and poverty.

Henry Wallace, business dominance, redistributed from, increase

Who called for a restructuring of the American economy in which wealth would be confiscated and redistributed to provide $5,000 grants and guaranteed jobs with annual salaries?

Huey Long

African-American and white troops would not serve together until what war?

Korean War

Long dominated _____ state politics even from Washington, D.C., after his election to the senate.

Louisiana ,Washington, D.C.

What government would work with business leaders to establish codes that set standards for output, prices, and working conditions. This would eliminate cutthroat competition and industry arrangements would be exempt from antitrust laws?

National Recovery Administration

What did congress create to provide relief to American teenagers and young adults?

National Youth Administration

What terms were agreed to at the Potsdam conference of 1945?

Nazi leaders would face war-crime trials and After the war, Germany was to come under Allied military government

Who refused to hire black workers in the south?

New Deal construction projects

Which groups spoke out against Japanese-American internment during World War II?

None

The highway connects Miami with Key West, Florida, through a complex system of bridges and roadworks.

Overseas Highway

Who promoted ideas put into action in the social security act?

Progressive reformers

This had a $3.3 billion budget and contracted with private construction companies to build roads, schools, hospitals, and other public facilities.

Public Works Administration

What proved to be one of the most successful programs of the Second New Deal?

REA

Who headed a Senate subcommittee that exposed the methods that employers used to combat unionization, including spies, private police forces, and violence?

Robert M. La Follette Jr.

Why did southern Democrats turn on Roosevelt at the end or the New Deal Era?

Roosevelt encouraged the election of more liberal politicians in the region in 1938, and The "Report on the Economic Conditions in the South" revealed that the South lagged behind the rest of the nation in industrialization, health, and education.

What were the domestic accomplishments that occurred by the end of the war?

Segregation had been ended within the U.S. navy and equal pay for all races had become the law.

What did the Neutrality Acts, which started being passed in 1935, forbid?

Selling weapons to countries at war.

What was one of the several controversial WPA theater projects?

Sinclair Lewis's- It Can't Happen Here-about fascism coming to America.

What was the centerpiece of the Second New Deal legislation?

Social Security Act of 1935

Unions had become so powerful that U.S. Steel negotiated with its 200,000 workers and the ____ in order to avoid a strike.

Steel Workers Organization Committee

Who insisted that constitutional guarantees of free thought and expression were essential to "nearly every form of freedom" and therefore deserved special protection?

Supreme Court

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

TVA would provide cheap and easy access to electricity for homes and industry in seven southern states.

Who maintained segregation by creating separate camps for blacks and white?

The Civilian Conservation Corp

____ was the final holdout against the UAW.

The Ford Motor Company

What created a system of unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, the elderly poor, and families with dependent children?

The Social Security Act

What were the outcomes of the 1944 Bretton Woods conference?

The United States became the dominant influence in international finance and American foreign policy embraced the reduction of internal barriers to free trade.

What Act was based on the premise that unionization and higher wages would aid economic recovery by increasing the purchasing power of American?

The Wagner Act

What did the free freedom embrace?

The concept of free enterprise as being central to prosperity.

Congress of Industrial Workers (CIO)

This organization wanted to secure "economic freedom and industrial democracy" for American workers.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

This union was organized based on the craft of a worker, and not by the industry in which the worker worked.

Roosevelt viewed Hitler's victories as a direct ___ to the United States. But, opponents of the American involvement in Europe, like the America First Committee, supported foreign policy views of ___ meaning that they sought to keep the United States out of the European conflicts of the 1930's and 1940's. In contrast, groups like the Free World Association believed that ___ was necessary to prevent the spread of fascism.

Threat, isolationism, intervention

What was the Neutrality Act designed to do?

To avoid putting the United States into positions that had gradually drawn it into the First World War

What did the military service provide during WWII?

To have a unifying effect on the American servicemen from all regions of the country

This massive civil engineering project includes three separate bridges that connect the boroughs of New York City. It was designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1986.

Triborough Bridge

____ doubled between 1930 and 1940.

Union membership

This organization used the sit-down strike as an effective tactic to halt production and force negotiations.

United Auto Workers (UAW)

Who called for the state to utilize disused factories, farms, and homes to create cooperative ventures to provide jobs for the unemployed?

Upton Sinclair

Did the anti-modernist fundamentalists seized the modern technology of the radio to spread their messages through radio shows or outright ownership of broadcast stations?

Yes

FDR did not succeed in passing what legislation in Congress?

antilynching

How did Roosevelt put Keynesian economic theory to work in 1939?

by requesting billions of dollars for work relief and farm aid in an attempt to sustain the purchasing power of individual Americans and stimulate the economy.

Friedrich Hayek's work The Road to Serfdom argued that ___ ultimately threatened liberty. Conservatives used this book to justify __ role for the state in the economy, by equating fascism and socialism with the __.

economic planning, decreased, New Deal

While the first New Deal had focused on economic recovery, the Second New Deal would focus on what?

economic security

What did the Indian New Deal prove?

ended the policy of dividing Indian lands into small plots for individual families and selling the rest, and ended the policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy.

What was extremely difficult for the Braceros?

organizing laborers

The WPA hired artists and writers for projects including what? (3)

painting murals, writing guidebooks, and authoring histories of the United States.

What describes the Office of War Information?

purpose was to mobilize public opinion behind the war effort, and sought to avoid the nationalist excesses of the First World War.

Roosevelt saw home ownership and "____" as a fundamental right akin to "___"

security of the home, the security of livelihood, and the security of social insurance

The UAW used _____ tactics to force concessions from management.

sit-down strike

Identify the act or law in which the United States agreed to provide military aid to countries without receiving payment as long as those countries promised to return the military equipment after the conclusion of hostilities.

the Lend-Lease Act

The New Deal was the first time that the government intervened to promote what?

the right of labor, by recognizing workers' right to organize unions.

The WPA constructed ___ of public buildings and bridges, more than ___ miles of roads, and ___ airports.

thousands, 500,000, 600

What was the Rural electrification agency's goal?

to bring electricity to farms, thus creating a demand for household appliances that would benefit the whole economy.

What are the Four Freedoms articulated by President Roosevelt as a general Allied war aim?

want, fear, speech and worship

The United Auto Workers (UAW)

was the first union to unionize an entire industry successfully.

The G.I. Bill's purpose was what?

was to avoid the economic instability that followed World War I

Mexican-American politicians attempted to be classified as ___ in order to avoid suffering the same discrimination as African-Americans.

white