Ch24 notes
proteins are polymers of about ___ or more a.a. linked by peptide bonds
100
hydrocarbons produce more than ____% of the energy humans use
90
ethylene, _____ also called _____
C2H, ethene
propane, _____, which is used in outdoor _____ and ______
C3H8, grills and heaters
methane, _______ which is the chemical name for ____ _____
CH4, natural gas
the nucleic acid, found in the nucleic acid, found in nuclei of cells, that stores the genetic code
DNA
every a.a. contains the amine group, ____ and a carboxl group ___
NH2, COOH
20 ____ arranged in different ways make millions of different proteins
a.a.
nucleic acids control the ___ and ____ of cells
activities and reproduction
hydrocarbons in which OH groups replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
alcohols
large organic polymers formed from organic monomers called ___ ____
amino acids
ending for a single bond
and
a compound that contains a benzene structure, which is a ring with six carbon atoms
aromatic compound
huge, chainlike molecules that are found in living organisms
biological polymers
compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that have twice as many hydrogen atoms
carbohydrates
contain the same elements as _____, but in different proportions
carbohydrates
boiling point increases with addition of ____ atom
carbon
petroleum is a mixture of thousands of ____ compounds
carbon
hydrocarbon is a compound made up of only _____ and _____ atoms
carbon and hydrogen
cholesterol is used go build _____ ____
cell membranes
it can link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements like _____, _______, or ______
chains, branched chains, or rings
many different _____
compounds
generally, melting points and boiling points _____ decrease with more branching in the isomer
decrease
shown as alternatingn____ or ____ bonds
double or single
polyunsaturated hydrocarbons have more than one _____ or _____ bond
double or triple
ending for double bond
ene
____ sharing of electrons
equal
includes _____, _____, _____
fats, oils, and cholesterol
carbon can form from many organic compounds because it has ____ electrons in its outer energy level so it can form four ____ bonds with atoms of carbon or other elements
form, covalent
in human DNA ____ nucleotides form from two chains that twist together to form a double helix
four
the process that uses the boiling point of oil to separate carbon compounds
fractional distillation
some uses of petroleum compounds:
fuels. solvents, asphalt, and plastics
holds as many ______ atoms as possible
hydrocarbon
it can bond with atoms of other elements, such as ____ and _____
hydrogen and oxygen
polymers can be made to have many different properties, from ___ and ___ to ____ and _____
light, flexible, strong, rigid
small molecule that form links in the polymer chain
monomers
your body breaks down the proteins into their a.a. ___
monomers
organic polymers formed from monomers called ___
nucleotides
unsaturated fats contain at least _____ _____ _____. Plant fats and _____ at room temperature
one double bond, liquid
hydrocarbons in which groups replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
organic acids
___ bonds form between the amine group of one a.a. and the carboxl group of another a.a.
peptide
a source of carbon compound
petroleum
extremely large, chainlike molecules
polymers
starches are ____ made of _____ of the sugar glucose
polymers and monomers
___ make up your muscles, tendons, hair, fingernails
proteins
sugars provide ______ ____ soon after eating
quick energy
it aids in _____ of fruits
ripening
saturated hydrocarbons- contain only ____ ____ carbon atoms
single bonded
saturated fats contain only ____ ____ between carbon atoms. Animal fats and ____ at room temperature
single bonds, solid
it can form _____, ______, or _____ bonds
single, double, or triple
the electrons are shared by all _____ carbon atoms in the ring
six
causes the benzene molecules to be very ____
stable
compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes
structural isomers
compounds that have one or more of their hydrogen atoms replaced by atoms or groups of other elements
substituted hydrocarbons
ethyne has two carbon atoms that share _____ electrons
three
two carbon atoms share _____ electrons
two
hydrocarbons that contain at least one double or triple bond
unsaturated hydrocarbons
the properties of isomers can _____ a lot
vary
ending for triple bond
yne