Ch24 notes

proteins are polymers of about ___ or more a.a. linked by peptide bonds

100

hydrocarbons produce more than ____% of the energy humans use

90

ethylene, _____ also called _____

C2H, ethene

propane, _____, which is used in outdoor _____ and ______

C3H8, grills and heaters

methane, _______ which is the chemical name for ____ _____

CH4, natural gas

the nucleic acid, found in the nucleic acid, found in nuclei of cells, that stores the genetic code

DNA

every a.a. contains the amine group, ____ and a carboxl group ___

NH2, COOH

20 ____ arranged in different ways make millions of different proteins

a.a.

nucleic acids control the ___ and ____ of cells

activities and reproduction

hydrocarbons in which OH groups replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

alcohols

large organic polymers formed from organic monomers called ___ ____

amino acids

ending for a single bond

and

a compound that contains a benzene structure, which is a ring with six carbon atoms

aromatic compound

huge, chainlike molecules that are found in living organisms

biological polymers

compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that have twice as many hydrogen atoms

carbohydrates

contain the same elements as _____, but in different proportions

carbohydrates

boiling point increases with addition of ____ atom

carbon

petroleum is a mixture of thousands of ____ compounds

carbon

hydrocarbon is a compound made up of only _____ and _____ atoms

carbon and hydrogen

cholesterol is used go build _____ ____

cell membranes

it can link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements like _____, _______, or ______

chains, branched chains, or rings

many different _____

compounds

generally, melting points and boiling points _____ decrease with more branching in the isomer

decrease

shown as alternatingn____ or ____ bonds

double or single

polyunsaturated hydrocarbons have more than one _____ or _____ bond

double or triple

ending for double bond

ene

____ sharing of electrons

equal

includes _____, _____, _____

fats, oils, and cholesterol

carbon can form from many organic compounds because it has ____ electrons in its outer energy level so it can form four ____ bonds with atoms of carbon or other elements

form, covalent

in human DNA ____ nucleotides form from two chains that twist together to form a double helix

four

the process that uses the boiling point of oil to separate carbon compounds

fractional distillation

some uses of petroleum compounds:

fuels. solvents, asphalt, and plastics

holds as many ______ atoms as possible

hydrocarbon

it can bond with atoms of other elements, such as ____ and _____

hydrogen and oxygen

polymers can be made to have many different properties, from ___ and ___ to ____ and _____

light, flexible, strong, rigid

small molecule that form links in the polymer chain

monomers

your body breaks down the proteins into their a.a. ___

monomers

organic polymers formed from monomers called ___

nucleotides

unsaturated fats contain at least _____ _____ _____. Plant fats and _____ at room temperature

one double bond, liquid

hydrocarbons in which groups replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

organic acids

___ bonds form between the amine group of one a.a. and the carboxl group of another a.a.

peptide

a source of carbon compound

petroleum

extremely large, chainlike molecules

polymers

starches are ____ made of _____ of the sugar glucose

polymers and monomers

___ make up your muscles, tendons, hair, fingernails

proteins

sugars provide ______ ____ soon after eating

quick energy

it aids in _____ of fruits

ripening

saturated hydrocarbons- contain only ____ ____ carbon atoms

single bonded

saturated fats contain only ____ ____ between carbon atoms. Animal fats and ____ at room temperature

single bonds, solid

it can form _____, ______, or _____ bonds

single, double, or triple

the electrons are shared by all _____ carbon atoms in the ring

six

causes the benzene molecules to be very ____

stable

compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes

structural isomers

compounds that have one or more of their hydrogen atoms replaced by atoms or groups of other elements

substituted hydrocarbons

ethyne has two carbon atoms that share _____ electrons

three

two carbon atoms share _____ electrons

two

hydrocarbons that contain at least one double or triple bond

unsaturated hydrocarbons

the properties of isomers can _____ a lot

vary

ending for triple bond

yne