ch8 esc1000

Which of these numbered features is a fold and thrust belt?

4- rugged terrain

The average thickness of oceanic crust is:

7km

basin formation- passive margin

Continental crust is thinned during the rifting apart of two continents, subsides, and becomes covered by sediments

formation of mountains and basins in an ocean-continent convergent boundary- on rough terrain

Convergence of the two plates results in thrust faults that thicken the continental crust

formation of mountains and basins in an ocean-continent convergent boundary- magma

Magma thickens the crust by erupting on the surface and by solidifying at depth

basin formation- strike slip faults

Movement along a strike-slip fault downdrops one block relative to another

basin formation- normal fault blocks

Normal faulting downdrops a block, forming a basin that fills with sediment

formation of mountains and basins in an ocean-continent convergent boundary- directly under the ocean

Sediment from the continent and material scraped off from the oceanic plate form a structurally complex zone of faults, folds, and metamorphic rocks

Which of the following is a valid description of features within continental interiors?

The continental platform has nearly horizontal sedimentary rocks deposited on crystalline basement.

formation of mountains and basins in an ocean-continent convergent boundary- by the ocean shore

The oceanic plate flexes and bends

formation of mountains and basins in an ocean-continent convergent boundary- on land

The weight of thrust sheets causes the region to flex downward, forming a foreland basin

basin formation- reverse and thrust faults

The weight of thrust sheets depresses the crust, forming a basin

Why is there a basin associated with some thrust faults?

Thrust sheets depress the crust in front of the thrust.

Why did the Great Barrier Reef in Australia grow upward, forming the largest organic structure on Earth?

sea level rose

Which of the following places would NOT be a good place to visit a reef?

shallow clear waters off iceland

The main feature in the seafloor near Monterey Bay is a large ---- that was partly carved by rivers when the region was above sea level.

submarine canyon

A continental shelf along a passive margin is below sea level because

the crust has been thinned by normal faulting.

Submarine canyons in the continental slope are eroded by

turbidity currents

What are the characteristics of natural salt (NaCl) deposits?

-deposited in layers -soluble in water -can flow to form domes

Oil that reaches the surface can form

-oil seep -tar sands -tar pits

Once oil and gas are formed, they

-rise to the surface -are lighter than water -flow easily through permeable rocks such as sandstone -prevented from reaching the surface if trapped in impermeable layers

Which of the numbered features on this figure is a continental shelf?

1- top part connected to land

Which of the numbered features on this figure is a continental slope?

2-bottom left

The average thickness of continental crust is:

30-50 km

Which of the following is NOT a setting in which regional mountain belts form?

passive margin

What is a popular model for the formation of an atoll?

a volcanic island forms and subsides

An accretionary prism is

a wedge-shaped zone of faults, folds, and metamorphosed rocks formed along the upper parts of a subduction zone as material is scraped off.

If it contained oil, which layer would most likely produce an oil seep on the surface?

a, permeable sandstone top left first layer

The process of adding a terrane to another landmass is called

accretion

What is the main cause of uplift during a continental collision?

an almost doubling of the thickness of continental crust

The image shows Stone Mountain in Georgia, a feature made of granite that was uncovered by erosion that removed the overlying and flanking softer rocks. What is the best name for this feature?

an erosional remnant

Which site would most likely contain oil in the subsurface?

c, permable sandstone 3rd layer

Monterey Bay along the coast of central California- Flanking the coast is a broad, relatively flat part of the seafloor called the

continental shelf

erosion of mountain belts- youngest

continental shelf

Monterey Bay along the coast of central California- A sloping part of the seafloor, called the ---- occurs between very shallow seafloor and the deep seafloor. It contains canyons that carry dense slurries of sediment-rich water, called ----

continental slope; turbidity currents

mid ocean ridge- As the new oceanic plate moves away from the ridge, it

cools and becomes more dense

erosion of mountain belts- middle

deposition of sediments

For a terrane to become attached to a continent, it typically

enters a subduction zone, where it is scraped off the subducting plate and added to the continent.

A mountain or hill that remains when adjacent areas have eroded to lower levels is a(n)

erosional remnant

Regional elevation can be increased by

heating the crust and mantle

erosion of mountain belts- oldest

high mountain belt

The principle that regional elevations adjust to the types and thicknesses of rocks at depth is known as

isostasy

Regional elevations on land are primarily controlled by

the thickness of continental crust

mid ocean ridge- Areas of the continents that are relatively high, such as in mountain belts, are generally underlain by

thick crust

If you had this type of deformation of a region, it would (pic w uplift shown)

thicken the crust and cause uplift

If you had this type of deformation of a region, it would- moving towards eachother

thicken the crust and cause uplift

If you erode material off of a region, it would

thin the crust

deformation of region- going opposite ways

thin the crust and cause subsidence

The mid-ocean ridge is higher than adjacent regions because the lithosphere is ----- and ---- than normal oceanic lithosphere.

thinner; ?