Ch.9-12 BA 1301
A(n) _____ layout arranges work flow around the production process. All workers performing similar tasks are grouped together.
process
Frederick Taylor's scientific management emphasized:
work efficiency
A company that is experimenting with flextime, telecommuting, and job sharing is interested in:
work-scheduling options needed to retain quality employees
____ are incentive programs based on group productivity. Employees share in the financial gains attributed to the increased productivity of their group.
Gain-sharing plans
According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are:
potential job dissatisfiers
Equity theory is a theory of motivation that focuses on the link between motivation and organizational culture.
False
Quality is the perceived value that is exchanged for something else.
False
_____ charts are bar graphs that are plotted on a time line to show the relationship between scheduled and actual production.
Gantt
Which of the following statements about reverse auctions is true?
In a reverse auction, potential suppliers bid against each other.
_____ is the vertical expansion of an employee's job.
Job enrichment
_____ is the streamlining of production by eliminating steps in the production process that do not add benefits that customers are willing to pay for.
Lean manufacturing
Which of the following is the BEST example of a consumer product?
a textbook purchased by a student taking this class
___ is the gap between what is and what is desired, and _____ is the gap between what is and what is required.
a want; a need
Demography is the study of:
all of the above
Which of the following is a step in the new-product development process?
all of the above
A relatively inexpensive item that requires very little shopping effort is called a _____ product.
convenience
The _____ is an important scheduling tool for large projects. It breaks the projects into a sequence of events and smaller tasks.
critical path method
A short story describing how reluctant British citizens are to play party games that might result in them looking foolish is an example of how _____ shapes human behavior.
culture
Based on the expectancy theory, managers who want to motivate their employees should:
determine the rewards valued by each employee
Manufacturing resource planning II (MRPII):
does all of the above
Oscar Ramirez's job has been redesigned. He has more authority and responsibility and feels the job now is very challenging to him. The company has used job _____ to challenge Ramirez.
enrichment
Market behavior is a term used to describe the actions people take in buying and using goods and services.
false
Operations management refers to the role that computers play in the production process.
false
Organizations today are taking a greatly reduced role in helping employees balance their work responsibilities and their personal obligations than they did in the past.
false
Price skimming is a price strategy often used in the maturity stage of the product life cycle.
false
Quality is the perceived value that is exchanged for something else
false
Verna Knight is doing observation research when he asks people to describe how to fold sheets, towels, and pillowcases.
false
___ theory is based on the premise that an individual's intention to work toward a goal is a primary source of motivation.
goal-setting
According to Herzberg, _____ factors must be present to prevent work dissatisfaction, but these factors cannot serve as a source of satisfaction or motivation.
hygiene
Spring Airlines is a small budget airline that is based in China. Due to the unfamiliarity of this mode of transportation in China, Spring's employees are often attacked by unhappy customers who demand compensation for flight delays. According to Herzberg, these attacks by passengers would be an example of a _____ factor.
hygiene
Production and operations management involves three main types of decisions that are made at three different stages. The final stage of operations management focuses on:
improving production and operations
In 2006, The Home Depot laid off 300 workers in its home office. Even though the workers have left, the same amount of work needs to be done. This sort of company downsizing often leads to:
job enlargement
Anton Sudavarian works as a receptionist for a medical clinic from 8 a.m. until 12 noon five days a week. At noon, he is replaced by Louise Cho who works at the same job from noon until 5 p.m. What kind of a work scheduling option is being used by Sudavarian and Cho?
job sharing
Which of the following is the BEST example of process manufacturing?
lamb's wool
According to Theory Y, workers _____ their work.
like delegation and responsibility in
_____ is the collection, recording, and analysis of data important in marketing and communicating that information to management.
marketing research
The ability to manufacture many goods at once is called _____ production.
mass
There is a facility in California that takes off-the-shelf Ford Mustangs and hones them into high-performance vehicles. The assembly line at this facility is simply a line of cars on hand-pushed carts that are moved from station to station, but many of the operations that are typically performed in an assembly plant do take place here. Using this system the company has turned out over 8,000 vehicles, more than any other American specialty vehicle manufacturer. This is an example of:
mass customization
According to Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory, the most important motivator in the workplace is:
money
Bart Pietz works as a paramedic. Because he has just worked a plane crash and has been 20 hours without rest, he is extremely sleepy. Pietz needs to satisfy his _____ need.
physiological
Financial incentives that allow variability in compensation to reflect an individual employee's contribution are generally known as pay-for-performance programs.
true
Frequent-buyer clubs are common tools in relationship marketing.
true
In the product development process, most companies utilize the concepts of brainstorming, screening, and test marketing.
true
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivation theory.
true
Production converts inputs into outputs by changing the inputs in some way.
true
Scientific management is based on economic incentives and the premise that there is "one best way" to perform any job
true
The critical path method is a sophisticated scheduling system that is based on the minimum time the project will take to complete.
true
The rewarding of a bonus for finishing a job proposal in a timely fashion would demonstrate how reinforcement theory can be used to motivate employees.
true
Training workers by changing and varying jobs is called job rotation.
true
During the growth stage of the product life cycle:
sales grow at an increasing rate, and profits are healthy
Many rock and roll fans believe that Jimi Hendrix was the best guitarist ever and that he stretched his ability to the utmost. According to Maslow's theory of need, Hendrix more than likely satisfied his _____ need.
self-actualization
When Maslow wrote, "A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be," he was more than likely referring to man's:
self-actualization
In Herzberg's model, which of the following would be an example of a hygiene factor?
supervision
Electronic data interchange (EDI) is an important communications tool for:
supply chain management
Which of the following organizations would analyze their market environments, find a competitive advantage, and create a marketing mix?
all of the above
Which of the following businesses would be LEAST likely to use an intermittent process?
an oil refinery
According to the equity theory, employees value their own outcomes in relation to their own inputs. Then they compare the outcomes-to-inputs ratio to:
any or all of the above
____ proposed a theory of motivation based on universal human needs.
Abraham Maslow
___ is the ratio of benefits to the sacrifice necessary to obtain those benefits.
Customer value
_____ is the ratio of benefits to the sacrifice necessary to obtain those benefits.
Customer value
A target market is a specific group of consumers toward whom a firm directs its marketing effort.
True
In Herzberg's model, potential job dissatisfiers are called hygiene factors.
True
What is Six Sigma?
a quality control process
The _____ is a list of components and number of each needed for file cabinets that a manufacturing company will produce.
bill of materials
When Gene O'Hare went online to plan his vacation to Australia, he learned that he could buy plane tickets, rent a car, and pay for a hotel in a reduced-price tourist package, which made it very convenient for him to book his trip. The Web site O'Hare visited used _____ to make trip planning easier and more economical.
bundling
Rego-Fix is a metalworking manufacturing company in Switzerland. The company primarily manufactures grinding machines in different size ranges. Rego-Fix has reduced setup time and change-over costs through the establishment of small, self-contained production units with teams who produce specific machines on small assembly lines. Rego-Fix uses:
cellular manufacturing
According to equity theory, if employees perceive that an inequity exists, they may
change their work habits
3M Consumer Healthcare has introduced a "Home 'n Go Pack" packaging concept that organizes each of its bandage offerings into a separate plastic pouch within the bandage box. The pouch is visible through a window in the external packaging. The decision to offer this new packaging was made as part of the _____ strategy.
product
The process that products go through as they pass through their introduction, growth, maturity, and decline stages is called the:
product life cycle
The _____ is the person who develops and implements a complete strategy and marketing program for a specific product or brand.
product manager
The three main types of facility layouts are:
product, process, and fixed-position
When a thermometer manufacture combines glass tubing, mercury, red dye, paint, plastic, and metal to make thermometers, it is an example of:
production
At Children's Hospital in Denver, good attendance is encouraged by recognizing staff members who have not missed work in the previous three months. At three-month intervals, at staff meetings, the names of those who have not missed work that quarter are announced. These employees are given ribbons of excellence, perfect attendance pins, prizes, tote bags, alarm clocks, gift certificates or movie tickets. As an added incentive, the person with the longest record of perfect attendance is allowed to choose first from the list of "gifts." This is an example of how _____ are used in association with the ______ theory.
rewards; reinforcement
The first step in controlling production is:
routing
Theories X and Y management styles are the result of studies by:
Douglas McGregor
With ____, when a part is redesigned in the computer-aided design system, the changes are quickly transmitted both to the machines producing the part and to all other departments that need to know about and plan for the change.
computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
The manufacturer Mike and Ike, the fruit-flavored chewy candies, has changed its packaging and developed contests all geared to 12- to 17-year-olds. What type of market segmentation identifies its market?
demographic
When the producers of Ocean Spray cranberry products decided to make Craisins (a dried cranberry snack food) available in convenience stores, supermarkets, and vending machines, it was involved with determining _____ strategy
distribution
The maker of Centrum multivitamins introduced Centrum Silver, a vitamin designed specifically for older people. Centrum Silver is an example of a _____, a product that uses an existing brand name in an existing category but with a new formula.
line extension
The craft store marked skeins of embroidery thread down to a quarter apiece to attract more customers into the store. This was below the store's cost. The skeins of thread was intended to be a _____ to increase store traffic:
loss leader
Aldi is a no-frills grocery chain. It sells grocery staples right out of crates and boxes with emphasis on low-priced, private-label brands. Aldi stores are typically about one-third the size of the traditional supermarket. By controlling expenses, Aldi customers can expect to save 30 to 50 percent compared to Kroger customers. The chain targets bargain hunters who are willing to rent a cart and bag their own groceries. Aldi competitive advantage is based on:
low costs
There is a standard approach to butchering a steer. Once the steers are butchered according to the agreed upon method, butchers are able to provide one customer with a 2-inch thick T-bone steak and another with thin pieces of steak for making fajitas. After standardized preparation, the meat is tailored to meet individual needs and desires. This is called:
mass customization
An article on the health care industry revealed several assumptions that health care administrators have adopted during the last decade. The administrators assume their (1) employees have several interests other than work and will work only to the degree necessary. (2) employees will accept additional responsibilities only if they receive rewards, and (3) employees exhibit little loyalty and will leave employment for reasons that are in their short-term interest. These assumptions lead support to the _____ approach to management.
the Theory X style of management
According to expectancy theory, the probability of an individual acting a particular way depends on the strength of the individual's belief that:
the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome
Shenshen Zhongxing Telecom (ZTE) is a Chinese company that is the only telecommunications company in China that produces and markets an inexpensive camera phone to sell to middle class Chinese living in urban areas. Because ZTE targets a single segment within a limited geographical area, it can be said to have a(n):
niche competitive advantage
Rap star Xzibit has signed an endorsement deal with athletic footwear manufacturer Dada to produce shoes. The line named "Pimp Your Kicks," alluding to Xzibit's role as host of the MTV show Pimp My Ride, became available in late 2005. Dada hopes Xzibit will act as a(n) _____ and influence consumers to buy the shoes.
opinion leader
Taco Bell fast-food restaurant does not chop the lettuce and tomatoes and grate the cheese used to make its menu items, but hires someone outside the restaurant to perform these tasks. By _____ these tasks, Taco Bell can keep its overhead low and concentrate its resources on taking customer orders and assembling food.
outsourcing
The purchasing function, sometimes called _____, is an important part of any firm's production strategy.
procurement
American Handgunner, Shooting Industry and Guns Magazine are all periodicals aimed at people who enjoy hunting and target shooting and want to improve their skills and stay current in the latest technology. These magazines use _____ segmentation.
psychographic
What management function is production manager Cedric Stein using when he orders aluminum component parts (bumpers, drive trains, etc.) to be used in the production of Audi cars in Audi's Neckarsulm plant?
purchasing
Customer satisfaction
refers to the customer's feeling that a product has met or exceeded expectations
customer satisfaction
refers to the customer's feeling that a product has met or exceeded expectations
A company that is experimenting with flextime, telecommuting, and job sharing is interested in:
work-scheduling options needed to retain quality employees employee empowerment
A product that passes test-marketing is ready for market introduction, which is called _____, a step that requires extensive logistical coordination.
rollout
Which of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs is true?
Maslow claimed an upper level of need was not activated until a lower level of need was satisfied.
With the goal-setting theory, managers have learned that easier goals motivate more effectively than challenging ones.
false
Selling more rainwear in Seattle than in San Diego due to the annual rainfall is an example of which type of marketing segmentation?
geographic
Which of the following is an example of an individual factor that influences Bil Naggin's decision to buy a Sharps black powder cartridge rifle?
his desire to experience what it was like to be a Civil War soldier