Cha 10: Human Resource Management

5 steps in HR planning

1. preparing a human resource inventory of the orgs employees 2. preparing a job analysis 3. assessing future demand 4. assessing future labor supply 5. establishing a strategic plan

Apprentice Programs

A trainee works alongside an experienced employee to master skills of a craft

Job Specification

A written summary of the minimal education and skills a person needs to do a job

Performance Appraisal

An evaluation that measures employee performance against standards in order to make decisions about promotions, compensation, termination.

The roles of HRM have evolved due to...

An organization recognizing their employees as an ultimate resource and changes in law (rewrote traditional practices)

Assessing future human resource demand

HRM forecast the organizations requirements and train people ahead of time

Establishing a strategic plan

The plan must address recruiting, training, compensating and scheduling the labor force.

Right-to-Work Laws

The power ro outlaw union shop agreements

Core Time

The time of the day when all employees are expected to be at their job stations

Grievance

A charge by employees that management is not abiding by or fulfilling the terms of the labor contract as they perceive it

Mentor

A corporate manager who supervises, coaches, and guides selected low level employees by introducing them to the right people and acting as their sponsor.

Injunction (Management Tactics)

A court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something

What is the EEOC

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Flextime Plan

Gives employee some freedom to choose which hours to work, as long as they worked a required number of hours.

Open Shop Agreement

Gives workers the option to join a union if one exists.

Selection

Process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired to serve the best interests of the organization

Collective Bargaining

Process whereby union and management representatives negotiate a contract for workers.

Shop Stewards

Union officials who work permanently in an organization and represent employee interests on a daily basis

The role of HRM has grown due to...

the shift from traditional manufacturing industries to service and high-tech manufacturing industries requiring businesses to hire high tech skilled employees.

Agency-Shop Agreement

Employers must hire workers who are not required to join the union but must pay a special union fee or regular union dues.

Human Resource Management

Role of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, motivating and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals.

What are common types of compensation systems?

They include salary systems, hourly wages, piecework, commission plans, bonus plans, profit-sharing plans, and stock options.

Accommodations in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Treating people according to their specific needs.

Orientation

The activity that introduces new employees into the organization

Strikebreakers (Management Tactics)

(scabs) workers hired to do the jobs of striking employees until the labor dispute is resolved

6 Steps in a Performance Appraisal

1. establishing performance standards 2. communicating those standards 3. evaluating performance 4. discussing results with employees 5. taking corrective action 6. using the results to make decisions

6 Steps of Selection Process

1. obtaining complete application forms 2. conducting initial and follow-up interviews 3. giving employment tests 4. conducting background investigations 5. obtaining results from physical exams 6. establishing trial periods

Compressed Workweek

A schedule that allows an employee to work a full number of hours per week but in fewer days.

Job Analysis

A study of what employees do who hold multiple job titles

Cafeteria-Style Fringe Benefits

Allows employees to choose the benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount

Job Sharing

Allows two or more part-time employees share on full-time job

Arbitration

An agreement to bring in an impartial third party to render a binding decision in a labor dispute.

Secondary Boycott

An attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a firm that is the subject of a primary boycott.

Lockout (Management Tactics)

An attempt by management to put pressure on unions by temporarily closing the business

Union

An employee organization whose goal is to represent its members in employee-management negotiations over job-related issues.

Training and Development

Attempts to improve productivity by increasing employee's ability to perform.

Human Resource Inventory

Name, age, education, skills of employees, revealing whether the labor force is up-to-date and trained.

Online Training

Demonstrates how technology is improving the efficiency of many off-the-job training programs.

Reverse Discrimination

Discrimination against the majority group

Vestibule Training

Done in classrooms with equipment similar to that used on the job so employees can learn proper methods and safety procedures before assuming a specific job assignment.

What are some training activities?

Employee orientation, on- and off-the-job training, apprentice programs, online training, vestibule training, and job simulation.

How can employees move within a company?

Employees can be moved up (promotion), over (reassignment), or out (termination or retirement) of a company. They can also choose to leave a company to pursue opportunities elsewhere.

On-the-job Training

Employees learn by doing or watching others for a while and then imitating them.

What is the EEOC intention of affirmative action?

Increasing opportunities for minorities and women "right past wrongs"

What scheduling plans can adjust work to employees' need for flexibility?

Job sharing, flextime, compressed workweeks and home-based work.

Assessing future labor supply

Labor force is constantly shifting, some workers will scarcer in the future.

Why has recruitment become more difficult?

Legal restrictions complicate hiring and firing practices. Finding suitable employees can be more difficult if companies are considered unattractive workplaces.

What methods help develop managerial skills?

Management development methods include on-the-job coaching, understudy positions, job rotation, and off-the-job courses and training.

Off-the-job Training

Occurs away from the workplace and consists of internal or external programs to develop a variety of skills

Contingent Workers

Part-time workers (working less than 34 hours a week), temporary workers, seasonal workers, independent contractors, interns, co-op students, and freelancers.

Fringe Benefits

Sick leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans and health plans that provide additional compensation to employees beyond base wages.

Job Description

Specifies the objectives of the job

What did the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 achieve?

Strengthen the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, by giving it broad power by issuing equal employment opportunities.

Networking

The process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in your own and other organizations and using those contact to weave strong relationships that serve as informal development systems.

Management Development

The process of training and educating employees to become good managers and monitoring the progress of their skills over time.

Mediation

The use of a third party called a mediator, who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiating and makes suggestions for resolving the matter.

Job Simulation

The use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks so that trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job.

Primary Boycott

When labor encourages both its members and public not to buy the products of a firm engaged in a labor dispute

Strike

Workers collectively refuse to go to work

Union-Shop Agreement

Workers do not have to be member of a union to be hired but must agree to join within a certain period.

Why has there been such an increase in hiring contingent workers?

Workers want diversity and flexibility in their roles and the ability to showcase their skills.