Chap 9 Econ
A mass refusal to do business with a company is called a(n) __________.
boycott
non-institutionalized persons, aged 16 and over, either working or seeking employment
civilian labor source
Which kind of union organization was stopped by the Taft-Hartley Act?
closed shop
negotiation between union and management representatives
collective bargaining
measure of price that has been adjusted for inflation
real or constant money
During the Great Depression, union promoters _____.
renewed their efforts because hard times united workers
Which activity is illegal in a state with a right-to-work law?
requiring union membership as a condition of employment
Which of the following was a response to the growing strength of unions?
right-to-work laws
Which of the following were a direct result of union activity?
a higher rate of pay for overtime hours worked
Which of the following is an accurate statement about minimum wage laws in the United States?
Some states have established a higher-than-federal minimum wage.
In collective bargaining negotiations, who represents the interests of the workers?
elected union officials
wage, fringe benefit, or work rule surrendered when renegotiating a contract
giveback
Which of the following illustrates why the wage gap between women and men is discriminatory?
glass ceiling
organizational barrier to advancement of women and minorities
glass ceiling
A(n) __________ union is one whose members work at different jobs in the same trade or business.
industrial
Which of the following is most responsible for increases in the federal minimum wage?
inflation
court order halting action during a labor dispute
injunction
Which of the following partially explains the current decline in union influence?
the increase in the number of women and teenagers in the workforce
Which of these would most likely produce an exception to the market theory of wage determination?
the theory of negotiated wages
Which of these best describes public reaction to the earliest labor organizers?
they were considered troublmakers
Arbitration places a dispute before a third party for a binding settlement.
true
Signaling theory assumes that people with college degrees are worth more in the marketplace than those with only high school diplomas.
true
The theory of negotiated wages states that organized labor helps to determine pay rates.
true
arrangement under which union membership is mandatory
union shop
Which noncompeting category of workers stands to gain the most from unionization?
unskilled labor
Which of the following statements best explains why workers began to form unions?
A united workforce was more likely to bring about changes in the workplace.
Which statement is the best explanation of the market theory of wage determination?
A worker's pay rate is set by supply of and demand for that worker's skills.
How does inflation affect the minimum wage?
It decreases the buying power of the wage
Which of the following statements is true about the formation of the American Federation of Labor?
It was formed in 1886 by combining several existing unions.
In which country do workers produce the most per hour on the job?
Norway
A(n) __________ shop is one in which workers are not required to join a union but must still pay union dues.
agency
The income earned by females has only been a fraction of that earned by males partially because of ______ .
all of these
point of comparison in a price index
base year
Which of the following were the first types of unions formed in the United States?
craft unions and industrial unions
a measure of an item's price which is not adjusted for inflation
current dollars
Which cause of the wage gap between men and women was addressed by the Equal Pay Act of 1963?
discrimination
level of pay that creates neither a surplus nor a shortage of workers in the market
equilibrium wage rate
agreement in which a neutral third party investigates a union/management dispute
fact- finding
A grievance procedure is an informal method of settling workplace disputes.
false
The market theory of wage determination states that salaries are best set by management.
false
A refusal by management to let employees work is called a(n) __________.
lockout
Which of the following tactics is used only by management?
lockout
the least that can be legally paid to most workers
minimum wage
arrangement under which union membership is optional
modified union shop
Which of these would most likely produce an exception to the market theory of wage determination?
seizure
temporary government takeover of a company
seizure
Which of these offers an explanation for why a less productive worker might make more than his or her peers?
seniority
government program that attempts to overcome unfair hiring practices
set-aside contract
Which of the following best expresses the idea that higher education often results in higher earnings?
signaling theory
A(n) __________ is a union-organized work stoppage designed to gain concessions from an employer.
strike