Chap 9 Econ

A mass refusal to do business with a company is called a(n) __________.

boycott

non-institutionalized persons, aged 16 and over, either working or seeking employment

civilian labor source

Which kind of union organization was stopped by the Taft-Hartley Act?

closed shop

negotiation between union and management representatives

collective bargaining

measure of price that has been adjusted for inflation

real or constant money

During the Great Depression, union promoters _____.

renewed their efforts because hard times united workers

Which activity is illegal in a state with a right-to-work law?

requiring union membership as a condition of employment

Which of the following was a response to the growing strength of unions?

right-to-work laws

Which of the following were a direct result of union activity?

a higher rate of pay for overtime hours worked

Which of the following is an accurate statement about minimum wage laws in the United States?

Some states have established a higher-than-federal minimum wage.

In collective bargaining negotiations, who represents the interests of the workers?

elected union officials

wage, fringe benefit, or work rule surrendered when renegotiating a contract

giveback

Which of the following illustrates why the wage gap between women and men is discriminatory?

glass ceiling

organizational barrier to advancement of women and minorities

glass ceiling

A(n) __________ union is one whose members work at different jobs in the same trade or business.

industrial

Which of the following is most responsible for increases in the federal minimum wage?

inflation

court order halting action during a labor dispute

injunction

Which of the following partially explains the current decline in union influence?

the increase in the number of women and teenagers in the workforce

Which of these would most likely produce an exception to the market theory of wage determination?

the theory of negotiated wages

Which of these best describes public reaction to the earliest labor organizers?

they were considered troublmakers

Arbitration places a dispute before a third party for a binding settlement.

true

Signaling theory assumes that people with college degrees are worth more in the marketplace than those with only high school diplomas.

true

The theory of negotiated wages states that organized labor helps to determine pay rates.

true

arrangement under which union membership is mandatory

union shop

Which noncompeting category of workers stands to gain the most from unionization?

unskilled labor

Which of the following statements best explains why workers began to form unions?

A united workforce was more likely to bring about changes in the workplace.

Which statement is the best explanation of the market theory of wage determination?

A worker's pay rate is set by supply of and demand for that worker's skills.

How does inflation affect the minimum wage?

It decreases the buying power of the wage

Which of the following statements is true about the formation of the American Federation of Labor?

It was formed in 1886 by combining several existing unions.

In which country do workers produce the most per hour on the job?

Norway

A(n) __________ shop is one in which workers are not required to join a union but must still pay union dues.

agency

The income earned by females has only been a fraction of that earned by males partially because of ______ .

all of these

point of comparison in a price index

base year

Which of the following were the first types of unions formed in the United States?

craft unions and industrial unions

a measure of an item's price which is not adjusted for inflation

current dollars

Which cause of the wage gap between men and women was addressed by the Equal Pay Act of 1963?

discrimination

level of pay that creates neither a surplus nor a shortage of workers in the market

equilibrium wage rate

agreement in which a neutral third party investigates a union/management dispute

fact- finding

A grievance procedure is an informal method of settling workplace disputes.

false

The market theory of wage determination states that salaries are best set by management.

false

A refusal by management to let employees work is called a(n) __________.

lockout

Which of the following tactics is used only by management?

lockout

the least that can be legally paid to most workers

minimum wage

arrangement under which union membership is optional

modified union shop

Which of these would most likely produce an exception to the market theory of wage determination?

seizure

temporary government takeover of a company

seizure

Which of these offers an explanation for why a less productive worker might make more than his or her peers?

seniority

government program that attempts to overcome unfair hiring practices

set-aside contract

Which of the following best expresses the idea that higher education often results in higher earnings?

signaling theory

A(n) __________ is a union-organized work stoppage designed to gain concessions from an employer.

strike