"Chapter 05 - Vitamins"

A client is concerned she is not getting enough vitamin D in her diet. The nurse explains how we obtain vitamin D and explains that synthesis can be impaired by all of the following, except for? A) Low calcium intake B) Sunscreens C) Aging D) Dense clouds

A

B vitamins are known to be coenzymes and assist with various bodily reactions and functions. Not all coenzymes, however, are considered B vitamins. What substance is a coenzyme and is considered a non-B vitamin? A) Choline B) Isoniazid C) Beta-carotene D) Niacin

A

It has been proven that folate, when consumed in an adequate amount, may help prevent neural tube defects. When is it necessary to consume the folate to have this effect? A) Before conception and early in pregnancy B) During the second trimester of pregnancy C) During the third trimester of pregnancy D) Throughout pregnancy

A

It is recognized that many individuals in the United States do not eat properly; however, it is not always necessary for people to take a vitamin supplement. Who of the following individuals is least likely to need a vitamin supplement? A) A moderately active adult B) A pregnant teenager C) An elderly woman living alone D) A housewife on a low-calorie diet

A

It is recommended that people older than the age of 50 years take vitamin supplements, but it is important they take the proper type of supplement (namely, "50+" or "mature" multivitamin supplement formulas) because they usually contain what? A) Less iron B) More zinc C) Less vitamin B12 D) More calcium

A

Smoking interferes with the body's use of a specific vitamin, so the RDA for this vitamin has been raised for smokers. Which vitamin is it? A) Vitamin C B) Folate C) Beta-carotene D) Vitamin E

A

The nurse is aware that particular populations are prone to vitamin deficiencies for various reasons. Why are older adults prone to vitamin D deficiency? A) Aging reduces the kidneys' ability to activate vitamin D. B) They are more likely to take prescription medicines that interfere with vitamin D absorption. C) Their fixed incomes limit buying enough foods rich in vitamin D. D) They excrete more vitamin D than younger adults do.

A

The nurse is aware that vitamins have been found to have other functions than to just nourish the body. Vitamins are often used as food additives for specific purposes. Which vitamin is added to frozen fish to help prevent rancidity? A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin A D) Vitamin B12

A

The nurse is conducting an assessment of a new client who has been using megadoses of nutritional supplements for several years. The nurse is aware that consistently high doses of many vitamins have no adverse effects; however, long-term exposure to synthetic folic acid may do which of the following? A) Mask a deficiency of vitamin B12 B) Can cause a temporary sensory neuropathy C) May increase the risk of heart disease D) Increase the need for other B vitamins

A

The nurse is teaching a nutrition class to a group of pregnant women in the community. What should the nurse recommend to the students as a good source of vitamin B12? A) Milk B) Green leafy vegetables C) Vegetable oils D) Peanut butter

A

The physician has recommended that a client take a vitamin supplement. What would the client look for when choosing a vitamin supplement? A) The "Supplement Facts" label B) Look for the nutrientís Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) C) Choose the highest price supplement D) Choose a supplement that is ìnaturalî

A

There are many enzymes in our body that cannot function without a coenzyme. Which vitamins act as coenzymes? A) B vitamins B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin K

A

The health-care provider has instructed the client to eat foods that will provide more vitamin E. Which of the following should the nurse recommend that the client eat? A) Fortified milk B) Egg yolks C) Vegetable oils D) Red meat

C

The health-care provider has suggested that the client use a particular vitamin in megadoses to help lower serum cholesterol. Which vitamin is it? A) Thiamin B) Riboflavin C) Niacin D) Folic acid

C

A client is being admitted to the hospital unit with vague complaints. During the assessment, the nurse discovers that the client has been taking supplements in manner in which the vitamins could result in acting more as drugs. When do vitamins act as drugs in the body? A) When they are prescribed by a physician B) When they are taken in megadoses C) When they are taken in combination with other vitamins D) When they are taken in minidoses

B

Clients who need to be on antibiotics for a prolonged period of time may be at an increased risk of vitamin K deficiency. Why is this? A) Antibiotics impair vitamin K absorption from foods. B) Antibiotics kill intestinal bacteria that produce vitamin K. C) Antibiotics cause loss of appetite, which lowers vitamin K intake. D) Antibiotics inactivate vitamin K in the liver.

B

Riboflavin is said to be unique among the water-soluble vitamins. What makes riboflavin unique? A) Meats and beans contribute the most riboflavin to the diet. B) Milk and dairy products contribute the most riboflavin to the diet. C) Meats and beans contribute the least riboflavin to the diet. D) Milk and dairy products contribute the least riboflavin to the diet.

B

Vitamins can be either fat soluble or water soluble. Their solubility determines many of their characteristics. What is one characteristic that is determined by a vitamin's solubility? A) Availability B) Storage C) Strength D) Function

B

The body has several defense systems to protect itself. Which vitamins work together to inactivate bacteria and viruses? A) Water-soluble vitamins B) B vitamins C) Phytochemicals D) Fat-soluble vitamins

C

The nurse is aware that vitamins are organic compounds that differ in function and availability. When discussing the difference with a client, which of the following statements would best describe vitamins? A) Vitamins are composed of long chains of molecules linked together. B) Vitamins provide energy. C) Vitamins are susceptible to destruction by factors such as heat, air, and light. D) Vitamins exist in only one active form.

C

The nurse recognizes that there are differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. Which of the following is one of those differences? A) Water-soluble vitamins are more essential to life than fat-soluble vitamins. B) Water-soluble vitamins attach to protein carriers to be transported through the blood. C) Water-soluble vitamins should be consumed daily. D) Water-soluble vitamins are stored primarily in the liver and adipose tissue.

C

The nurse works with several clients who routinely take nutritional supplements. The nurse is aware that which of the following statements about vitamins is true? A) Most Americans do not consume adequate amounts of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. B) Most Americans do not consume adequate amounts of vitamin C. C) Taking large doses of vitamin A is potentially harmful. D) Because of the potential health benefits, beta-carotene supplements are routinely recommended.

C

Vitamin deficiency in the United States is not common. However, inadequate gastric acid secretion secondary to gastric resection, use of medications that suppress gastric acid, or gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of which of the following? A) Thiamine deficiency B) Riboflavin deficiency C) Vitamin B12 deficiency D) Folic acid deficiency

C

When conducting an assessment on a new client, the nurse asks if the client uses any supplements. The nurse is aware that taking supplements is a common choice that Americans make. What is the approximate percentage of American adults who take vitamin supplements based on their beliefs about health? A) 30% B) 40% C) 50% D) 60%

C

A client is having difficulties understanding the difference between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. The nurse explains which of the following is one of those differences? A) Fat-soluble vitamins must be consumed daily. B) Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream. C) Fat-soluble vitamins are excreted in the urine when consumed in excess of need. D) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored, primarily in the liver and adipose tissue.

D

Beta-carotene (β-Carotene) is an important vitamin for vision. To help ensure a client incorporates this in his diet, which of the following foods such the nurse encourage the client to eat? A) Citrus juice B) Egg yolks C) Vegetable oils D) Winter squash

D

During a nutrition class, a group of individuals learn that vitamins can exist in more than one form and have more than one function. Which of the following vitamins exists in more than one form? A) Vitamin B12 B) Thiamin C) Riboflavin D) Vitamin A

D

Some chemical reactions within the body create free radicals. These free radicals destroy cells in our body. Some vitamins act as antioxidants to prevent this destruction of cells by free radicals. Which vitamin is a major antioxidant? A) Vitamin B6 B) Thiamin C) Folate D) Vitamin C

D

The clinic nurse is conducting an education session for clients who are taking anticoagulants. Which of the following should the nurse stress to the clients? A) They should avoid all sources of vitamin D. B) They should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin D. C) They should avoid all sources of vitamin K. D) They should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K.

D

Thiamin acts as a coenzyme when the body metabolizes carbohydrates. It also has another important function. What is that other function? A) Thiamin is important in the metabolism of fats. B) Thiamin is important in the digestive process. C) Thiamin is important in liver functioning. D) Thiamin is important in nervous system functioning.

D