Chapter 1-5 Introduction to Sociology 4th edition

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

Qualitative

Data in the form of words

Quantitative

Data that is in numbers

HERBET SPENCER

Father of Social Darwinism

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Globalization (positives and Negatives)

P: better access to goods and services N:Disease pollution and illegal drug

CARL MARX

Stressed class conflict (bourgeoise- have's & proletariat- have not's) believed society should be changed. Founder of control conflict theory . Matrix is not conflict theory. economics was the central force for change

EMILE DURKHEIM

Wrote Rules of Sociological Method - Anomie is a condition in which social control becomes inefficient as a result of the loss of shared values and of sense of purpose in socity

power

ability to get your way despite resitients

global sociological imagination

allows us to see the rapidly changing world

taboo

always laws against it

Conflict Theory

competing groups fighting for scarce resources

MAX WEBER

emphasized that sociology be valued. concerned with large scale organization. specialized division of labor

scientific veiw

examining the relationship between structure and process should be purely scientific

Develop a hypothesis

expect relationships between two or more varibales

Jane Adams

founded the Hull House

Aguste Comte

founder of sociology positivism is the belief that the world can best be understand through scientists inquiry

Indrustrial Revolution

industrialization is the process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to emphasis on manufacturing and related industries (steam engine)

Social Darwinism

is the belief that those species of animals best adapted to their environment survive and prosper --> survival of the fittest

Sociology

is the systematic study of human society and social interaction

symbolic interactions

meanings we attach to give things importance

Symbolic interactions

meanings we attach to things, gives them importance

Enthography

more intense and lengthy of observation

Folkways

norms for routine or casual interaction

norms

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

Social reform view

states that as these relationships are discovered, this knowledge should be used to solve social problems

social institutions

systems and structures within society that shape the activities of groups and individuals

Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills)

the ability to see the relationships between individual experiences and the larger society

social location

the corners in life that people occupy because of their place in society

cultural relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Harriet Martineau

translated comte's work and an advocated for racial and gender equality

functionalisim

view society like human body, each part has a purpose. (manifest- intended functions; latent- unintended functions; dysfunction-not working)

Mores

violation met with severe negative sandtion