Chapter 1 A new world to explore 1492 - 1682 The discovery of America

Philip the second said to England..

"I sent my ships to fight against men and not against the winds and waves of God."

Johann Gutenberg

A German printer, introduced the movable-type printing press in Europe about 1440.

Arawak's

A friendly tribe that met Columbus and warned them of Caribs

Crusades

A medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.

Northwest Passage

A supposed water route through North America to the Pacific.

Caribs

A tribe of cannibals

El Camino Real

Also known as The King's Highway, is the oldest road in United States. First traveled in 1581, runs between Santa Fe and Chihuahua, Mexico.

Christopher Columbus

An ambitious man and a devout Catholic who sought of converting the Indians. But died a frustrated and forgotten man.

Lief Ericson

Around a.d.1000 A Viking from Scandinavia, landed on the shores of North America

Protestant Reformation

Began in 1517, when a catholic monk Martin Luther stood against the Church of England

Estevanico

Best known Africans to join the Spanish explorers, who accompanied expeditions through Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico.

Hernando Cortes

Between 1519 & 1521, he conquered the Aztec Indians of Mexico

Cabeza de Vaca

Between 1528 and 1536, he discovered and explored southern Texas and parts of New Mexico and Arizona.

Hernando de Soto

Between 1539 and 1542, explored Florida,Georgia,South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee. In May 1541, he discovered the Mississippi River.

Jacques Marquette, a Jesuit missionary, and Louis Joliet, a fur trader

Both led an expedition which explored the central Mississippi River.

Francisco Pizarro

By 1533, He conquered the Inca Indians of Peru an advanced tribe. Cortes, Pizarro,other conquistadors confiscated the Indians gold and silver and then enslaved them, forcing them to work in gold and silver mines.

Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

Columbus tiny fleet, sailed from Spain on August 3, 1492

Sea Dogs

Daring sea captains who threatened Spanish power.

Bible

First book Gutenberg printed

Prince Henry the Navigator

Founded a navigation school and sent out several ships to explore the western coast of Africa.

New Orleans , Louisiana,

Founded in 1718, is probably the best known city of French heritage in America.

Huguenots

French Protestants, who came to the New World to escape religious persecution.

New France

French claimed Canada, The Great Lakes, and The Mississippi Valley.

Ferdinand Magellan

He began a 3 year voyage around world. His expedition proved the world is round. He was killed in the Philippines. Only 1 ship out of 5 made it home safely. 18 men was safe.

Robert Cavalier de la Salle

He claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France and named it Louisiana in honor of King Louis 14.

Christopher Columbus

He discovered west Indian islands of Cuba and Hispaniola, modern Haiti and Dominican Republican He thought to have reached indies but actually discovered New Continent

Sir John Hawkins

He interfered with Spanish trade by smuggling British goods into Spanish colonies in America.

Martin Luther

He protested false doctrines of the church

Bartholomew Dias

In 1488, he had reached the Cape of Good Hope at southern tip of Africa.

Vasco de Gama

In 1498, he sailed all the way around Africa to India, thus opening an all-water route to the East

German mapmaker

In 1507, He suggested that the new land be name America

Vasco de Balboa

In 1513, He crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean.

Ponce de Leon

In 1513, conqueror and governor of Puerto Rico,set out to find a fabled '' Fountain of Youth '' but never did. He did make 1st Spanish landing on the mainland of north america.

Giovanni da Verrazano

In 1524, a Italian explored the Eastern coast of North America for France.

Jacques Cartier

In 1534, He led an expedition that discover the St. Lawrence River.

Francisco Coronado

In 1540, led army of 300 Spanish soldiers, one party of his men journeyed westward and discovered the Grand Canyon

Juan Cabrillo

In 1542, a Portuguese , explored the coast of California & possibly Oregon. He discovered San Diego Bay

Invincible Armada

In 1588, Philip sent a great fleet of ships to attack and destroy England. England won and credited God.

Quebec, Canada

In 1608, The first permanent French settlement in the New World by Samuel de Champlain.

Marco Polo

In the 1200s, while crusades still raged,went on a trip with his uncle and father. He became first European to travel at the length of Asia.

Algonquin and Huron Indians

Joined by Champlain to attack the Iroquois.

Ninety-five Theses

Martin protested by nailing this to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany, which brought a revival of biblical Christianity

Christopher Columbus

October 12, 1492 he was on the ship Santa maria and boarded small boats and went ashore. He reached an island he called San Salvador. He believed he reached Indies. He called native people Indians.

Florida

Ponce Leon named it after Pascua Florida '' The Feast of Flowers at Easter time ''

1492

Spain took the lead in exploration and colonization in the new world.

England

Spain's chief rival under the leadership of Queen Elizabeth the first

Medicine Men

The Indians' religious leaders

England became

The Mistress of the Sea

San Diego

The Spaniards found Diego ,The first European settlement in California

St. Augustine, Florida

The first permanent European settlement in the present day United States.

Iroquois Indians

They inhabited the upper New York.

Ferdinand and Isabella

They sponsored Columbus expedition

Counter-Reformation

To bring souls back into the catholic fold

Spain

Under Charles V and his son Philip the second, became the most powerful nation in the world.

"Seven Cities of Cibola"

Was inspired stories about the wealthy from the expedition of Cabeza

Italy

Where renaissance began, it emphasized the abilities of mankind and largely ignored God.

book of Marco

Writings spurred in many Europeans a new interest in Asia.

Amerigo Vespucci [1451-1512]

an Italian sailor, who participated in several voyages w/ Columbus, realized he discovered new world. He wrote letters describing his exploits.

Montezuma

chieftain of Aztecs at the time of cortes

Holy Wars

crusades failed to reclaim the Holy Land.

Sir Francis Drake

he attacked Spanish ships bound for Spain from the New World and took their cargoes of gold and silver.

Samuel de Champlain

is known as Father of New France.

Renaissance

means "rebirth" of learning

Conquistadors

means '' conquerors '', they followed the explorers who were always first

Middle Class

merchants and traders

Caribbean Sea

named after Caribs

America

named after, in honor of Amerigo Vespucci

Aztecs

worshiped the gods of nature; they exchanged the one true loving God over the cruel nature gods. They use the chosen people ( the neighbor tribes) to be sacrifice as food for sun god.